Multi-function terahertz wave manipulation utilizing Fourier convolution operation metasurface

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Zhong ◽  
Jiu-sheng Li
Keyword(s):  
Terahertz Wave ◽  
Beam Splitting ◽  
Terahertz Waves ◽  
Convolution Operation ◽  
Wave Splitting ◽  
Terahertz Communication

Abstract We propose a novel metasurface based on a combined pattern of outer C-shaped ring and inner rectangular ring. By Fourier convolution operation to generating different predesigned sequences of metasurfaces, we realize various functionalities to flexible manipulate terahertz waves including vortex terahertz beam splitting, anomalous vortex terahertz wave deflection, vortex terahertz wave splitting and deflection simultaneously. The incident terahertz wave can be flexibly controlled in a single metasurface. The designed metasurface has an extensive application prospect in the field of future terahertz communication and sensing.

scholarly journals Independent Manipulating of Orthogonal-Polarization Terahertz Waves Using A Reconfigurable Graphene-Based Metasurface

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Deng ◽  
Yuanyuan Zhang ◽  
Jianfeng Zhu ◽  
Meijun Qu ◽  
Ling Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Device ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Terahertz Wave ◽  
Orthogonal Polarization ◽  
Beam Splitting ◽  
Terahertz Waves ◽  
Polarized Waves ◽  
Unit Cells ◽  
Linearly Polarized ◽  
Generation Information

Viewing the trend of miniaturization and integration in modern electronic device design, a reconfigurable multi-functional graphene-based metasurface is proposed in this paper. By virtue of the reconfigurability of reflection patterns, this metasurface is able to independently manipulate orthogonal linearly polarized terahertz wave. The building blocks of the proposed metasurface are series of graphene-strips-based unit-cells. Each unit-cell consists of two orthogonal graphene strips and a grounded substrate, which has anisotropic responses for each of orthogonal polarizations (x-polarized and y-polarized waves). The reflection phases of both x- and y-polarized waves can be controlled independently through separate electrical tuning. Based on the proposed metasurface, functionalities including beam splitting, beam deflecting, and linear-to-circular polarization converting using a shared aperture are numerically demonstrated and analyzed. Simulation results demonstrate excellent performance, which is consistent with the theorized expectations. This work paves the way for enhancing the miniaturization of modern electronic/optical devices and potentially has important applications in the next-generation information systems for communication, sensing, and imaging.

scholarly journals Photonics-Assisted Terahertz-Wave Beam Steering and Its Application in Secured Wireless Communication

Photonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Kazutoshi Kato
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Phased Array ◽  
Beam Steering ◽  
Terahertz Wave ◽  
Coherent Detection ◽  
Terahertz Waves ◽  
Optical Domain

Beam forming and beam steering are inevitable technologies for the practical application of high-frequency electromagnetic waves. Specifically, beam control technology using a phased array for terahertz waves above 100 GHz is necessary to realize the future of high-speed wireless communication. By photomixing, which is a promising method for generating terahertz waves, the phase of the generated waves can be tuned in the optical domain, so that the beam from the phased array can be controlled by photonics technologies. Directing the beam of a terahertz wave enables wireless communication to be improved not only via an increase in power efficiency but also in security in the physical layer of the wireless transmission. By utilizing this advantage and using coherent detection at the receiver, a secured wireless communication system is proposed, and the fundamental mechanism is demonstrated in a feasibility experiment.

scholarly journals High-precision digital terahertz phase manipulation within a multichannel field perturbation coding 2DEG meta-chip

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongxin Zeng ◽  
Huajie Liang ◽  
Yaxin Zhang ◽  
Ziqiang Yang ◽  
Feng Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Phase Error ◽  
Terahertz Wave ◽  
Local Perturbation ◽  
Terahertz Waves ◽  
Application Potential ◽  
Phase Manipulation ◽  
Dimensional Electron Gas ◽  
Transmission Phase

Abstract Terahertz phase manipulation has always been based on direct coupling of the resonance of quasi-optical terahertz waves with metamaterials, which is accompanied by unnecessary amplitude modulation, thus limiting the accuracy of phase manipulation and its application in monolithic integrated systems. Here, we propose a coding meta-chip composed of transmission lines and two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) meta-atoms, wherein local perturbation resonances are induced to manipulate the phase of terahertz waves. By controlling the electronic transport characteristics of the 2DEG with external voltages, the intensity of the perturbation can be manipulated, which affects the transmission phase of the waves. More importantly, the perturbation resonances induced by different meta-atoms can be coupled so that through digital coding of the perturbation state of 2DEG meta-atoms, the terahertz wave transmission phase can be manipulated with high precision. As a result, phase manipulation with different precisions from 2° to 5° is observed from 0.26 to 0.27 THz, where the average phase error is only 0.36°, and the maximum root mean square of the transmittance is 0.36 dB. This high-precision phase manipulation via field coding has great application potential in the fields of beamforming, wireless communication, and high-resolution imaging.

scholarly journals NDE Terahertz Wave Techniques for Measurement of Defect Detection on Composite Panels of Honeycomb Sandwiches

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1360
Author(s):  
Kwang-Hee Im ◽  
Sun-Kyu Kim ◽  
Jong-An Jung ◽  
Young-Tae Cho ◽  
Yong-Deuck Woo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Terahertz Wave ◽  
Sandwich Composite ◽  
Fiber Direction ◽  
Composite Panels ◽  
Terahertz Waves ◽  
Electric Field Direction ◽  
Honeycomb Sandwich ◽  
Honeycomb Sandwich Composite

Terahertz wave (T-ray) technologies have become a popular topic in scientific research over the last two decades, and can be utilized in nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques. This study suggests an optimal scanning technique method for honeycomb sandwich composite panels, where skins were utilized with two different skins, namely, carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) skin and glass fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP) skin, as layers of the panel surfaces. Foreign objects were artificially inserted between the skins and honeycomb cells in the honeycomb sandwich composite panels. For this experiment, optimal T-ray scanning methods were performed to examine defects based on the angle between the one-ply thin fiber skin axis and the angle of the electric field (E-field) according to the amount of conductivity of the honeycomb sandwich composite panels. In order to confirm the fundamental characteristics of the terahertz waves, the refractive index values of the GFRP composites were experimentally obtained and analyzed, with the data agreeing with known solutions. Terahertz waves (T-rays) were shown to have limited penetration in honeycomb sandwich composite panels when utilized with a skin of carbon fibers. Therefore, T-rays were found to interact with the electrical conductivity and electric field direction of honeycomb sandwich composite panels with glass fiber skins. The T-ray images were obtained regardless of the electric field direction and the fiber direction. In the honeycomb sandwich composite panels with carbon fiber skins, the T-ray images with higher signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios depended on the scanning angle between the angle of the carbon fiber and the angle of the electric field. Thus, the angle of optimum detection measurement was confirmed to be 90° between the E-field and the fiber direction, particularly when using a carbon fiber skin.

Lens Design with Silicon Wafer for Terahertz Wave Transmission

2012 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 227-231
Author(s):  
Yong Wan ◽  
Ming Hui Jia ◽  
Hao Wen Gong ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Ying Cui
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Wafer ◽  
Vertical Plane ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
High Refractive Index ◽  
Terahertz Wave ◽  
Wave Transmission ◽  
Triangular Prism ◽  
Terahertz Waves ◽  
Concave Mirror ◽  
Graded Index

Terahertz waves can pass through silicon wafer with less loss than traditional lenses. By selecting square, circular and sectors as building blocks, a serial of equivalent lenses for terahertz wave transmission were designed in the vertical plane of the silicon wafer, including hemispherical convex, concave mirror, triangular prism and spherocylinder lenses. The lens’ 2-D design in this work is much simpler than its actual 3-D shape. Besides high transmit ability, silicon wafer also has high refractive index. When a lens is oriented horizontally, it can act as a graded-index photonic crystal waveguide, due to the existence of a band gap, especially for cylinder and prism lens.

Creation of Titania Artificial Interfaces with Geometric Patterns by Using Micro Stereolithography and Aqueous Solution Techniques

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 (CICMT) ◽  
pp. 000117-000122
Author(s):  
Soshu Kirihara ◽  
Yousuke Itakura ◽  
Satoko Tasaki
Keyword(s):  
Time Domain ◽  
Anatase Phase ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Terahertz Wave ◽  
Terahertz Waves ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Geometric Patterns ◽  
Water Solvent ◽  
Micro Patterning ◽  
Geometric Arrangements

Titania micro patterns with periodic arrangements were formed on glass substrates successfully for electromagnetic wave energy resonations and localizations in terahertz frequency ranges. Geometric arrangements of acryl polygon tablets with titania particles dispersions by using micro patterning stereolithography. Moreover, periodically arranged full titania tablets with anatase phase were created homogeneously though liquid phase crystal depositions of water solvent processes under micro templates fabricated by using the stereolithography system. The terahertz wave properties were measured and simulated by a using time domain spectroscopic system and finite difference time domain method. The terahertz waves having micrometer order wavelengths and belonging in far-infrared frequency ranges are expected to apply for various types of novel sensors which can detect micro cracks on materials surfaces, micro defects in electric devices, bacteria in foods, and cancer cells in human skins.

scholarly journals Optimization of THz diffractive optical elements thickness

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Surma ◽  
Izabela Ducin ◽  
Maciej Sypek ◽  
Przemyslaw Zagrajek ◽  
Agnieszka Siemion
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Extreme Ultraviolet ◽  
Fresnel Lens ◽  
Optical Devices ◽  
Terahertz Wave ◽  
Diffractive Optical Elements ◽  
Terahertz Waves ◽  
Optical Elements ◽  
Absorbing Materials

Diffractive optical elements (DOEs) are strictly related to the design wavelength due to the fact that they must introduce particular phase delay of the wavefront propagating through the structure. Mostly the attenuation of the material is not taken into account. In this article we propose to optimize thickness of the DOE by reducing introduced phase retardation but also attenuation. The efficiency of DOEs is determined by the method of coding phase distribution and can be easily measured by using diffraction orders of corresponding diffraction grating. Here, we analyze binary phase diffraction gratings with assumed attenuation. Full Text: PDF ReferencesJ.-L. Coutaz, Optoélectronique térahertz (Les Ulis CEDEX A, France, EDP Sciences 2012). DirectLink D. Headland, Y. Monnai, D. Abbott, C. Fumeaux,and W. Withayachumnankul, "Tutorial: Terahertz beamforming, from concepts to realizations", APL Photonics 3, 5 (2018). CrossRef S. F. Busch, M. Weidenbach, M. Frey, F. Schäfer, T. Probst, nd M. Koch, "A 3D-Printable Polymer-Metal Soft-Magnetic Functional Composite—Development and Characterization", Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves 35, 12 (2014) CrossRef A. Siemion, P. Kostrowiecki-Lopata, A. Pindur, P. Zagrajek, M. Sypek, "Paper on Designing Costless THz Paper Optics", Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2016, 9615698 (2016). CrossRef A. Siemion, A. Siemion, M. Makowski, J. Suszek, J. Bomba, A. Czerwinski, F. Garet, J.-L. Coutaz, and M. Sypek, "Diffractive paper lens for terahertz optics", Opt. Lett. 37, 4320–4322 (2012). CrossRef J.-L. Coutaz, F. Garet, E. Bonnet, A. V. Tishchenko, O. Parriaux, and M. Nazarov, "Grating Diffraction Effects in the THz Domain", Acta Phys. Pol. A 107, 26-37 (2005). CrossRef M. S. Heimbeck, P. J. Reardon, J. Callahan, and H. O. Everitt, "Transmissive quasi-optical Ronchi phase grating for terahertz frequencies", Opt. Lett. 35, 21 (2010). CrossRef D. Li, S. Shu, F. Li, G. Ma, Y. Dai, and H. Ma, "Anomalous transmission of terahertz wave through one-dimensional lamellar metallic grating", Opt. Commun. 284, 10-11 (2011). CrossRef X. Li, and S. F. Yu, "Diffraction Characteristics of Concentric Circular Metal Grating Operating at Terahertz Regime", IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 46, 6 (2010). CrossRef B. Nöhammer, C. David, J. Gobrecht, and H. P. Herzig, "Optimized staircase profiles for diffractive optical devices made from absorbing materials", Opt. Lett. 28(13), 1087-1089 (2003). CrossRef V. Deuter, M. Grochowicz, S. Brose, J. Biller, S. Danylyuk, T. Taubner, D. Grutzmacher, and L. Juschkin, "Holographic masks for computational proximity lithography with EUV radiation", International Conference on Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography 2018 10809, 108091A (2018). CrossRef J. W. Goodman, Introduction to Fourier optics (Greenwood Village, USA, Roberts & Company Publishers 2005). DirectLink W. B. Veldkamp, "Optimized staircase profiles for diffractive optical devices made from absorbing materials", Appl. Opt. 21(17), 3209-3212W (1982). CrossRef W. B. Veldkamp, and C. J. Kastner, "Beam profile shaping for laser radars that use detector arrays", Appl. Opt. 21(2), 345-356 (1982). CrossRef https://www.mcortechnologies.com/de/3d-drucker/mcor-iris/ DirectLinkM. Sypek, M. Makowski, E. Hérault, A. Siemion, A. Siemion, J. Suszek, F. Garet, and J.-L. Coutaz, "Highly efficient broadband double-sided Fresnel lens for THz range", Opt. Lett. 37, 12 (2012). CrossRef

scholarly journals Fabrications of Terahertz Wave Resonators in Micro Liquid Cells Introduced into Alumina Photonic Crystals with Diamond Structures

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soshu Kirihara ◽  
Noritoshi Ohta ◽  
Toshiki Niki ◽  
Satoko Tasaki
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystals ◽  
Periodic Structures ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Terahertz Wave ◽  
Bragg Diffraction ◽  
Vibration Modes ◽  
Terahertz Waves ◽  
Protein Molecules ◽  
Glass Cell ◽  
And Control

Terahertz wave resonators composed of three-dimensional photonic crystals composed of alumina lattices with diamond structures were designed and fabricated by using microstereolithography process. These three dimensional periodic structures of ceramics can reflect perfectly the terahertz waves through Bragg diffraction. A micro glass cell including water solvents was put between two photonic crystals to realize multiple resonations of terahertz waves to synchronize with various vibration modes of saccharide or protein molecules and control biochemical reactions through electromagnetic excitations.

Active control of terahertz plasmon-induced transparency in the hybrid metamaterial/monolayer MoS2/Si structure

Nanoscale ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 9429-9435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Ji ◽  
Siyan Zhou ◽  
Weijun Wang ◽  
Furi Ling ◽  
Jianquan Yao
Keyword(s):  
Active Control ◽  
Terahertz Wave ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Monolayer Mos2 ◽  
Terahertz Waves ◽  
Terahertz Devices ◽  
Induced Transparency ◽  
Hybrid Metamaterial ◽  
Plasmon Induced Transparency

Active control of terahertz waves is critical to the development of terahertz devices. In this study, we investigated modulation property of terahertz wave based on the hybrid metamaterial/monolayer MoS2/Si structure with tunable infrared light.

scholarly journals High-Performance Multifunctional Photodetector and THz Modulator Based on Graphene/TiO2/p-Si Heterojunction

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miaoqing Wei ◽  
Dainan Zhang ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Lichuan Jin ◽  
Huaiwu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Modulation Depth ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Optical Gain ◽  
Terahertz Wave ◽  
Depletion Region ◽  
Semiconductor Diode ◽  
Negative Bias ◽  
Terahertz Waves ◽  
Infrared Band

Abstract In this paper, we have reported a multifunctional device from graphene/TiO2/p-Si heterojunction, followed by its systematical analysis of optical response in a device under ultraviolet–visible-infrared band and transmission changes of terahertz waves in the 0.3–1.0 THz band under different bias voltages. It is found that photodetector in the “back-to-back” p-n-p energy band structure has a seriously unbalanced distribution of photogenerated carriers in the vertical direction when light is irradiated from the graphene side. So this ensures a higher optical gain of the device in the form of up to 3.6 A/W responsivities and 4 × 1013 Jones detectability under 750 nm laser irradiation. Besides, the addition of TiO2 layer in this terahertz modulator continuously widens the carrier depletion region under negative bias, thereby realizing modulation of the terahertz wave, making the modulation depth up to 23% under − 15 V bias. However, almost no change is observed in the transmission of terahertz wave when a positive bias is applied. A similar of an electronic semiconductor diode is observed that only allows the passage of terahertz wave for negative bias and blocks the positive ones. Graphic Abstract

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