Synthesis Methods of Doped Hydroxyapatite: A Brief Review

Abstract Hydroxyapatite (HA) has drawn great attention to biomedical applications due to their bone mineral similarity, strong bioactivity, biocompatibility and osteoconductive. Despite the fact that HA has many advantages, several properties are still lacking, emphasising the crucial need for ion doping/substitution. Many attempts have been made to incorporate ions into HA structure to increase their physical, chemical, and biological properties. With such a diverse range of methods available for the synthesis of doped HA, this article discussed the importance of doping for HA and summarizes four common techniques used to prepare doped hydroxyapatites which include precipitation, hydrothermal, sol-gel and mechanochemical method.

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Magnetite-Silica Core/Shell Nanostructures: From Surface Functionalization towards Biomedical Applications—A Review

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app112211075 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (22) ◽

pp. 11075

Author(s):

Angela Spoială ◽

Cornelia-Ioana Ilie ◽

Luminița Narcisa Crăciun ◽

Denisa Ficai ◽

Anton Ficai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetite Nanoparticles ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Magnetic Nanomaterials ◽

Core Shell ◽

Synthesis Methods ◽

Shell Nanostructures ◽

Silica Core ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

Co Precipitation

The interconnection of nanotechnology and medicine could lead to improved materials, offering a better quality of life and new opportunities for biomedical applications, moving from research to clinical applications. Magnetite nanoparticles are interesting magnetic nanomaterials because of the property-depending methods chosen for their synthesis. Magnetite nanoparticles can be coated with various materials, resulting in “core/shell” magnetic structures with tunable properties. To synthesize promising materials with promising implications for biomedical applications, the researchers functionalized magnetite nanoparticles with silica and, thanks to the presence of silanol groups, the functionality, biocompatibility, and hydrophilicity were improved. This review highlights the most important synthesis methods for silica-coated with magnetite nanoparticles. From the presented methods, the most used was the Stöber method; there are also other syntheses presented in the review, such as co-precipitation, sol-gel, thermal decomposition, and the hydrothermal method. The second part of the review presents the main applications of magnetite-silica core/shell nanostructures. Magnetite-silica core/shell nanostructures have promising biomedical applications in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a contrast agent, hyperthermia, drug delivery systems, and selective cancer therapy but also in developing magnetic micro devices.

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ROLE OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN DENTAL SCIENCES: A REVIEW

International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies ◽

10.32553/ijmbs.v4i3.1055 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Ramakoteswara Rao N ◽

Kranthi kiran Reddy E ◽

Leena Gahane ◽

SV Ranganayakulu

Keyword(s):

Materials Science ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Synthesis Methods ◽

Nano Technology ◽

New Science ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Health Related ◽

Nano Science ◽

Physical And Chemical

Nano technology is the multi disciplinary science and technology, which has emerged as new science exploiting specific phenomena and direct manipulation of materials on nanoscale. Nanotechnology deals with the physical, chemical, and biological properties of structures and their parts at nanoscale dimensions. It's established on the concept by creating functional structures by controlling corpuscles and molecules on a one-by-one basis by different physical and chemical synthesis methods. Developments in materials science and, nano biotechnology is especially forestalled to provide elevates in dental sciences and initiations in oral health-related diagnostic and therapeutical methods. Keywords: Nano Science, dentistry, Nanocomposite, Nanorobots, Nanomaterials.

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Recent Advances in the Cancer Bioimaging with Graphene Quantum Dots

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867324666170223154145 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (25) ◽

pp. 2876-2893 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Keheng Li ◽

Xinna Zhao ◽

Gang Wei ◽

Zhiqiang Su

Keyword(s):

Quantum Dots ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Cell Imaging ◽

Graphene Quantum Dots ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Live Cells ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Specific Cancer ◽

Good Biocompatibility ◽

Low Cytotoxicity

Fluorescent graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have attracted increasing interest in cancer bioimaging due to their stable photoluminescence (PL), high stability, low cytotoxicity, and good biocompatibility. In this review, we present the synthesis and chemical modification of GQDs firstly, and then introduce their unique physical, chemical, and biological properties like the absorption, PL, and cytotoxicity of GQDs. Finally and most importantly, the recent applications of GQDs in cancer bioimaging are demonstrated in detail, in which we focus on the biofunctionalization of GQDs for specific cancer cell imaging and real-time molecular imaging in live cells. We expect this work would provide valuable guides on the synthesis and modification of GQDs with adjustable properties for various biomedical applications in the future.

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Morphological Analysis of Hydroxyapatite Particels Obtained by Different Methods

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.681 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 638-642 ◽

pp. 681-686 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Eric M. Rivera-Muñoz ◽

Rodrigo Velázquez-Castillo ◽

J.L. Cabrera-Torres

Keyword(s):

Biomedical Applications ◽

Morphological Analysis ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Living Organism ◽

Particle Growth ◽

Silica Gels ◽

Synthesis Methods ◽

Biomedical Sciences ◽

Chemical Additives ◽

Gel Technique

Material science is playing an increasing role in bioengineering and biomedical sciences, aiming to develop new systems and materials capable of overcoming the highly demanding environment of a living organism. One of those materials, Hydroxyapatite (HAp), is the principal calcium phosphate present in the mineral phase of bone. Hydroxyapatite-based materials have been used for dental and biomedical applications, and the control of morphology and structure at micro and nanoscale levels in the synthesis processes, is crucial for several of those applications. Hydroxyapatite crystalline particles were obtained by the so-called sol-gel technique, in which silica gels induce the formation of apatite particles in a simulated body fluid at nearly 37°C, different chemical additives were used to control morphology and particle size, as previously reported by our group. Recently, the synthesis of HAp particles with similar morphologies obtained by different methods, have been reported by other groups. Differences and similarities in morphologies, as well as in the synthesis processes, are established in the present work, along with a discussion of possible crystal growth and assembly mechanisms, which lead to a better understanding of the particle growth processes, is included. This knowledge could be the basis for further synthesis methods aimed to obtain HAp nanostructures with a crystal preferential orientation.

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SPIONs and magnetic hybrid materials: Synthesis, toxicology and biomedical applications

Physical Sciences Reviews ◽

10.1515/psr-2019-0093 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Ralf P. Friedrich ◽

Christina Janko ◽

Harald Unterweger ◽

Stefan Lyer ◽

Christoph Alexiou

Keyword(s):

Hybrid Materials ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Volume Ratio ◽

Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Magnetic Drug Targeting ◽

Synthesis Methods ◽

Materials Synthesis ◽

Low Toxicity ◽

Review Reports

Abstract In the past decades, a wide variety of different superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have been synthesized. Due to their unique properties, such as big surface-to-volume ratio, superparamagnetism and comparatively low toxicity, they are principally well suited for many different technical and biomedical applications. Meanwhile, there are a numerous synthesis methods for SPIONs, but high requirements for biocompatibility have so far delayed a successful translation into the clinic. Moreover, depending on the planned application, such as for imaging, magnetic drug targeting, hyperthermia or for hybrid materials intended for regenerative medicine, specific physicochemical and biological properties are inevitable. Since a summary of all existing SPION systems, their properties and application is far too extensive, this review reports on selected methods for SPION synthesis, their biocompatibility and biomedical applications.

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In situ crosslinkable hydrogels for engineered cellular microenvironments

Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs ◽

10.15825/1995-1191-2017-3-53-64 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 53-64

Author(s):

Kyung Min Park ◽

Ki Dong Park ◽

V. I. Sevastianov ◽

E. A. Nemetz ◽

V. N. Vasilets

Keyword(s):

Extracellular Matrix ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Structural Similarity ◽

Biological Properties ◽

In Situ Forming ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Cellular Microenvironments ◽

Artificial Extracellular Matrix ◽

In Situ Forming Hydrogels

In situ crosslinkable hydrogels have been widely used as therapeutic implants and vehicles for a broad range of biomedical applications including tissue regenerative medicine because of their biocompatibility and easiness of encapsulation of cells or signaling molecules during hydrogel formation. Recently, these hydrogel materials have been widely utilized as an artificial extracellular matrix (aECM) because of its structural similarity with the native extracellular matrix (ECM) of the human body and its multi-tunable properties. Various synthetic, natural, and semisynthetic hydrogels have been developed as engineered cellular microenvironments by using various crosslinking strategies. In this review, we discuss how in situ forming hydrogels are being created with tunable physical, chemical, and biological properties. In particular, we focus on emerging techniques to apply advanced hydrogel materials for engineered cellular microenvironments.

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Smart Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications—A Review

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11020396 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 396 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Magdalena Aflori

Keyword(s):

Biomedical Applications ◽

Biological Properties ◽

New Materials ◽

Extinction Coefficients ◽

Nanosized Materials ◽

Reduced Dimensions ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Environmental Variations ◽

Biomedical Field ◽

Molar Extinction Coefficients

Recent advances in nanotechnology have forced the obtaining of new materials with multiple functionalities. Due to their reduced dimensions, nanomaterials exhibit outstanding physio-chemical functionalities: increased absorption and reactivity, higher surface area, molar extinction coefficients, tunable plasmonic properties, quantum effects, and magnetic and photo properties. However, in the biomedical field, it is still difficult to use tools made of nanomaterials for better therapeutics due to their limitations (including non-biocompatible, poor photostabilities, low targeting capacity, rapid renal clearance, side effects on other organs, insufficient cellular uptake, and small blood retention), so other types with controlled abilities must be developed, called “smart” nanomaterials. In this context, the modern scientific community developed a kind of nanomaterial which undergoes large reversible changes in its physical, chemical, or biological properties as a consequence of small environmental variations. This systematic mini-review is intended to provide an overview of the newest research on nanosized materials responding to various stimuli, including their up-to-date application in the biomedical field.

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Sol-Gel Method - Design and Synthesis of New Materials with Interesting Physical, Chemical and Biological Properties

10.5772/intechopen.76535 ◽

2019 ◽

Keyword(s):

Sol Gel ◽

Biological Properties ◽

New Materials ◽

Gel Method ◽

Sol Gel Method ◽

Design And Synthesis ◽

Physical Chemical

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Role of Sm3+ Doping on Structural, Optical and Photoluminescence Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized by Sol-gel Auto- combustion Method

Current Nanomaterials ◽

10.2174/2405461505999200930141732 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 236-251

Author(s):

Eshwara I. Naik ◽

Halehatty S.B. Naik ◽

Ranganaik Viswanath

Keyword(s):

Zno Nanoparticles ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Combustion Method ◽

Content Increase ◽

Photoluminescence Properties ◽

Tem Analysis ◽

Auto Combustion ◽

Ion Doping ◽

Doped Zno ◽

Pl Intensity

Background: Various interesting consequences are reported on structural, optical, and photoluminescence properties of Zn1-xSmxO (x=0, 0.01, 0.03 and 0.05) nanoparticles synthesized by sol-gel auto-combustion route. Objective: This study aimed to examine the effects of Sm3+-doping on structural and photoluminescence properties of ZnO nanoparticles. Methods: Zn1-xSmxO (x=0, 0.01, 0.03 and 0.05) nanoparticles were synthesized by sol-gel auto combustion method. Results: XRD patterns confirmed the Sm3+ ion substitution through the undisturbed wurtzite structure of ZnO. The crystallite size was decreased from 24.33 to 18.46 nm with Sm3+ doping. The hexagonal and spherical morphology of nanoparticles was confirmed by TEM analysis. UV-visible studies showed that Sm3+ ion doping improved the visible light absorption capacity of Sm3+ iondoped ZnO nanoparticles. PL spectra of Sm3+ ion-doped ZnO nanoparticles showed an orange-red emission peak corresponding to 4G5/2→6HJ (J=7/2, 9/2 and 11/2) transition of Sm3+ ion. Sm3+ ion-induced PL was proposed with a substantial increase in PL intensity with a blue shift in peak upon Sm3+ content increase. Conclusion: Absorption peaks associated with doped ZnO nanoparticles were moved to a longer wavelength side compared to ZnO, with bandgap declines when Sm3+ ions concentration was increased. PL studies concluded that ZnO emission properties could be tuned in the red region along with the existence of blue peaks upon Sm3+ ion doping, which also results in enhancing the PL intensity. These latest properties related to Sm3+ ion-doped nanoparticles prepared by a cost-efficient process appear to be interesting in the field of optoelectronic applications, which makes them a prominent candidate in the form of red light-emitting diodes.

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