scholarly journals An Image Pre-Processing Improvement Procedure for Standardizing Multiple Colour Variations in the Astrocytoma Immunohistochemical Staining Images

2021 ◽  
Vol 2071 (1) ◽  
pp. 012036
Author(s):  
F A Dzulkifli ◽  
M Y Mashor ◽  
H Jaafar
Keyword(s):  
Immunohistochemical Staining ◽  
Promising Result ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Reference Image ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Processing Procedure ◽  
Histopathological Images ◽  
Standardization Process ◽  
False Diagnosis

Abstract Colour variations in the histopathological images can occur when the acquired images came from different laboratories. This issue happens may be due to different protocols between each laboratory. Besides that, the usage of dye or staining is also different since it arrived from different manufacturers. Hence, it will affect the performance of a system, especially for an automated image diagnosis system. If this issue is taken lightly, the whole process of image analysis can produce a false diagnosis outcome, and thus, it will affect the patient’s treatment options and endanger the patient’s life. This paper proposed an automated image pre-processing procedure for standardizing the colour variations in immunohistochemical staining images. The proposed procedure was done by modifying the reference image, which will be used later for the stain standardization process. Based on 50 astrocytoma histopathological images, the proposed procedure showed a promising result, where the quality of the output images has been enhanced and standardized.

Surgery for Lung Cancer and the Consequences for the Swallow

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (13) ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
Pippa Hales ◽  
Corinne Mossey-Gaston
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Vocal Cord Palsy ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Physiological Reserve ◽  
Palliative Phase ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Swallow Function

Lung cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers across Northern America and Europe. Treatment options offered are dependent on the type of cancer, the location of the tumor, the staging, and the overall health of the person. When surgery for lung cancer is offered, difficulty swallowing is a potential complication that can have several influencing factors. Surgical interaction with the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) can lead to unilateral vocal cord palsy, altering swallow function and safety. Understanding whether the RLN has been preserved, damaged, or sacrificed is integral to understanding the effect on the swallow and the subsequent treatment options available. There is also the risk of post-surgical reduction of physiological reserve, which can reduce the strength and function of the swallow in addition to any surgery specific complications. As lung cancer has a limited prognosis, the clinician must also factor in the palliative phase, as this can further increase the burden of an already compromised swallow. By understanding the surgery and the implications this may have for the swallow, there is the potential to reduce the impact of post-surgical complications and so improve quality of life (QOL) for people with lung cancer.

Raynaud’s phenomenon and digital ischaemia - pharmacologic approach and alternative treatment options

VASA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgit Linnemann ◽  
Matthias Erbe
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers ◽  
Raynaud’S Phenomenon ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Raynaud's Phenomenon ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Receptor Antagonists ◽  
Skin Ulcers ◽  
Digital Ischaemia

Abstract. The primary goal of therapy is to reduce the frequency and intensity of Raynaud’s attacks and to minimize the related morbidity rather than to cure the underlying condition. Treatment strategies depend on whether Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) is primary or secondary. All patients should be instructed about general measures to maintain body warmth and to avoid triggers of RP attacks. Pharmacologic intervention can be useful for patients with severe and frequent RP episodes that impair the patient’s quality of life. Calcium channel blockers are currently the most prescribed and studied medications for this purpose. There has been limited evidence for the efficacy of alpha-1-adrenergic receptor antagonists, angiotensin receptor blockers, topical nitrates or fluoxetine to treat RP. The intravenously administered prostacyclin analogue iloprost can reduce the frequency and severity of RP attacks and is considered a second-line therapy in patients with markedly impaired quality of life, critical digital ischaemia and skin ulcers who are at risk for substantial tissue loss and amputation. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (e.g., sildenafil) can also improve RP symptoms and ulcer healing whereas endothelin-1 receptor antagonists (e.g., bosentan) are mainly considered treatment options in secondary prevention for patients with digital skin ulcers related to systemic sclerosis. However, their use in clinical practice has been limited by their high cost. Antiplatelet therapy with low-dose aspirin is recommended for all patients who suffer from secondary RP due to ischaemia caused by structural vessel damage. Anticoagulant therapy can be considered during the acute phase of digital ischaemia in patients with suspected vascular occlusive disease attributed to the occurrence of new thromboses. In patients with critical digital ischaemia, consideration should be given to hospitalisation, optimisation of medical treatment in accordance with the underlying disease and evaluation for a secondary, possibly reversible process that is causing or aggravating the clinical symptoms.

Development and Application of Quality Control System for Highway Subgrade Construction

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
System Development ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Development Mode ◽  
The Road ◽  
Whole Process

The compaction quality of the subgrade is directly related to the service life of the road. Effective control of the subgrade construction process is the key to ensuring the compaction quality of the subgrade. Therefore, real-time, comprehensive, rapid and accurate prediction of construction compaction quality through informatization detection method is an important guarantee for speeding up construction progress and ensuring subgrade compaction quality. Based on the function of the system, this paper puts forward the principle of system development and the development mode used in system development, and displays the development system in real-time to achieve the whole process control of subgrade construction quality.

Single Image Dehazing by Predicting Atmospheric Scattering Parameters

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
Simone Bianco ◽  
Luigi Celona ◽  
Flavio Piccoli
Keyword(s):  
Reference Image ◽  
Single Image ◽  
Scattering Parameters ◽  
Image Dehazing ◽  
Atmospheric Scattering ◽  
Local Structures ◽  
Full Reference ◽  
Reconstruction Quality ◽  
Single Image Dehazing

In this work we propose a method for single image dehazing that exploits a physical model to recover the haze-free image by estimating the atmospheric scattering parameters. Cycle consistency is used to further improve the reconstruction quality of local structures and objects in the scene as well. Experimental results on four real and synthetic hazy image datasets show the effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of two commonly used full-reference image quality metrics.

Pre-Processing of Hyperspectral Images Using Nonlinear Filters

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
V. Behar ◽  
V. Bogdanova
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Hyperspectral Images ◽  
Spectral Correlation ◽  
Edge Preserving ◽  
Improvement Factor ◽  
Filter Output ◽  
Average Improvement ◽  
Processing Procedure

Abstract In this paper the use of a set of nonlinear edge-preserving filters is proposed as a pre-processing stage with the purpose to improve the quality of hyperspectral images before object detection. The capability of each nonlinear filter to improve images, corrupted by spatially and spectrally correlated Gaussian noise, is evaluated in terms of the average Improvement factor in the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (IPSNR), estimated at the filter output. The simulation results demonstrate that this pre-processing procedure is efficient only in case the spatial and spectral correlation coefficients of noise do not exceed the value of 0.6

Thrombopoietin Receptor Agonists in Children with Immune Thrombocytopenia: A New Therapeutic Era

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Lassandro ◽  
Valentina Palladino ◽  
Giovanni Carlo Del Vecchioa ◽  
Viviana Valeria Palmieri ◽  
Paola Carmela Corallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Thrombopoietin Receptor Agonists ◽  
Receptor Agonists ◽  
Thrombopoietin Receptor ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

Background and Objective: Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a common bleeding disorder in childhood. The management of ITP in children is controversial, requiring personalized assessment of patients and therapeutic choices. Thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs), eltrombopag and romiplostim, have been shown to be safety and effective for the treatment of pediatric ITP. The aim of our research is defining the role of thrombopoietin receptor agonists in the management of pediatric ITP. Method: This review focuses on the use of TPO-RAs in pediatric ITP, in randomized trials and in clinical routine, highlighting their key role in management of the disease. Results: Eltrombopag and romiplostim appear effective treatment options for children with ITP. Several clinical studies have assessed that the use of TPO-RAs increases platelet count, decreases bleeding symptoms and improves health-related quality of life. Moreover, TPO-RAs are well tolerated with minor side effects. Conclusion: Although TPO-RAs long term efficacy and safety still require further investigations, their use is gradually expanding in clinical practice of children with ITP.

scholarly journals Neglected femoral neck fractures in cerebral palsy: a narrative review

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Toro ◽  
Antimo Moretti ◽  
Marco Paoletta ◽  
Annalisa De Cicco ◽  
Adriano Braile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Fibular Graft ◽  
Motor Impairments ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Neck Fracture

Hip fractures are severe conditions with a high morbidity and mortality, especially when the diagnosis is delayed, and if formulated over 30 days after the injury, is termed a ‘neglected femoral neck fracture’ (NFNF). Cerebral palsy (CP) is probably one of the major risk factors for NFNF in Western countries, mainly because of both cognitive and motor impairments. However, considering the high prevalence of fractures in these patients, the incidence of NFNF in this population is probably underestimated, and this condition might result in persistent hip or abdominal pain. Several techniques are available for the treatment of NFNF (i.e. muscle pedicle bone graft, fixation with fibular graft, valgisation osteotomy), but most of them could affect motor function. Motor function must be preserved for as long as possible, in order to enhance the quality of life of CP patients. After discussing published NFNF cases in CP patients and available treatment options, a practical approach is proposed to facilitate the orthopaedic surgeon to both early identify and appropriately manage these challenging fractures. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:58-64. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.190019

scholarly journals Why Do Our Cancer Patients Sleep So Badly? Sleep Disorders in Cancer Patients: A Frequent Symptom with Multiple Causes

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Herwig Strik ◽  
Werner Cassel ◽  
Michael Teepker ◽  
Thomas Schulte ◽  
Jorge Riera-Knorrenschild ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Ethics Committee ◽  
Breathing Disorders ◽  
The One ◽  
Diagnosis Therapy ◽  
The University ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> On the one hand, sleep disorders in cancer patients are reported in 30–50% of cancer patients. On the other hand, specific causes for these sleep disorders are little known. This study was done to evaluate factors which may affect sleep of cancer patients. To our knowledge, this is the first study which includes return to work as one factor of sleep disturbance. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> 107 patients with various types of cancer treated in 2 hospitals were interviewed with a battery of questionnaires after having given informed consent. The questionnaires intended to detect abnormalities of sleep and related pain, breathing disorders, restless legs syndrome, depression, rumination, medication, and psychosocial distress. The study was approved by the ethics committee of the University of Marburg. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The analysis of the 6 sleep-related questionnaires indicated a sleep disorder of any kind in 68% of all patients. Insomnia symptoms were present in 48 patients (44.9%). Pain, depression, anxiety, and worries about the workplace were significantly related to sleep disorders. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Sleep disorders are common in cancer patients. The causes are manifold and should be considered by caregivers during diagnosis, therapy, and aftercare of cancer patients. Tumour patients should actively be asked about sleep disorders. If these are present, they should be addressed, and as they have a large impact on quality of life, treatment options should be offered in cooperation with sleep specialists.

scholarly journals MP-AzeFlu in Moderate-to-Severe Allergic Rhinitis: A Literature Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ludger Klimek ◽  
William E. Berger ◽  
Jean Bousquet ◽  
Paul K. Keith ◽  
Peter Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Fluticasone Propionate ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Symptomatic Disease ◽  
Intranasal Corticosteroids ◽  
Need For Treatment ◽  
Ocular Symptoms ◽  
Symptom Complex

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is prevalent, and many patients present with moderate-to-severe symptomatic disease. The majority of patients are not satisfied with their AR treatment, despite the use of concurrent medications. These gaps underscore the need for treatment with more effective options for moderate-to-severe AR. The authors’ objective was to review systematically the efficacy and safety of MP-AzeFlu for the treatment of AR. The primary outcomes studied were nasal, ocular, and total symptoms. Other outcomes included time to onset and of AR control, quality of life, and safety. Searches of PubMed and Cochrane databases were conducted on May 14, 2020, with no date restrictions, to identify publications reporting data on MP-AzeFlu. Clinical studies of any phase were included. Studies were excluded if they were not in English, were review articles, did not discuss the safety and efficacy of MP-AzeFlu for AR symptoms. Treatment of AR with MP-AzeFlu results in effective, sustained relief of nasal and ocular symptoms, and faster onset and time to control compared with intranasal azelastine or fluticasone propionate. Long-term use of MP-AzeFlu was safe, with benefits in children, adults, and adults aged ≥65 years. Other treatment options, including fluticasone propionate and azelastine alone or the combination of intranasal corticosteroids and oral antihistamine, do not provide the same level of efficacy as MP-AzeFlu in terms of rapid and sustained relief of the entire AR symptom complex. Furthermore, MP-AzeFlu significantly improves patient quality of life. MP-AzeFlu is a currently available combination that may satisfy all these patient needs and expectations.

scholarly journals Expert Opinion on the Management of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in the Middle East with a Focus on the Use of Silymarin

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-165
Author(s):  
Ahmed Hashem ◽  
Yogesh Shastri ◽  
Malfi Al Otaibi ◽  
Elwin Buchel ◽  
Hussam Saleh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Liver Disease Progression ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Non-alcoholic fatty disease (NAFLD) is amongst the leading causes of chronic liver disease worldwide. The prevalence of NAFLD in the Middle East is 32%, similar to that observed worldwide. The clinicians in this region face several challenges in diagnosing and treating patients with NAFLD. Additionally, there are no national or regional guidelines to address the concerns faced with current treatment options. Silymarin, derived from milk thistle, provides a rational and clinically proven approach to hepatoprotection. This article focuses on addressing regional diagnostic challenges and provides clear guidance and potential solutions for the use of Silymarin in the treatment of NAFLD in the Middle East. Both clinical and preclinical studies have highlighted the efficiency of Silymarin in managing NAFLD by reducing liver disease progression and improving patient symptoms and quality of life, alongside being safe and well tolerated. An expert panel of professionals from the Middle East convened to establish a set of regional-specific diagnostics. A consensus was established to aid general physicians to address the diagnostic challenges in the region. In conclusion, Silymarin can be considered beneficial in treating NAFLD and should be initiated as early as possible and continued as long as necessary.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document