scholarly journals XRD and EDX Analyses on the Formation of MgTiO3 Phase in (Mg0.6Zn0.4)(Ti0.99Sn0.01)O3 Powders Due to Calcination Temperature Variations

2021 ◽  
Vol 2110 (1) ◽  
pp. 012009
Author(s):  
F U Ermawati
Keyword(s):  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Telecommunications Industry ◽  
Atomic Ratio ◽  
Metal Powders ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Edx Analyses ◽  
Dielectric Ceramics ◽  
Tin Metal ◽  
Xrd Patterns

Abstract MgTiO3-based dielectric ceramics have been recognized as functional materials in the microwave telecommunications industry. Research and development on MgTiO3 dielectric ceramics has therefore developed rapidly. This paper reports x-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) analyses on the formation of MgTiO3 phase in (Mg0.6Zn0.4)(Ti0.99Sn0.01)O3 powder due to variations in calcination temperature from 550 to 700°C for 2 h. The powder was synthesized via the dissolved metal mixing course using magnesium, zinc, titanium and tin metal powders (Merck) as starting materials. The Rietveld refinement on the XRD patterns of the samples revealed that increasing the calcination temperature reduces the molar% content of MgTiO3 phase of from (97.91±1.51) at 550°C to (87.81±1.29) at 700 °C and causes a decrease in the diffraction peak intensity. The remaining % belongs to TiO2 rutile. The calcination temperature also enlarged the size of MgTiO3 unit cell volume. The EDX data on the atomic% ratio of the elements confirmed the presence of the phases. Discussion of these results is presented in detail in this paper.

Fabrication and Characterization of Nanospinel ZnCr2O4 Using Thermal Treatement Method

2015 ◽  
Vol 1107 ◽  
pp. 301-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salahudeen A. Gene ◽  
Elias B. Saion ◽  
Abdul Halim Shaari ◽  
Mazliana A. Kamarudeen ◽  
Naif Mohammed Al-Hada
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Esr Spectra ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Face Centered Cubic ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Xrd Patterns

The fabrication of nanospinel zinc chromite (ZnCr2O4) crystals by the means of thermal treatment method from an aqueous solution containing metal nitrates, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), and deionized water was described in this study. The samples were calcined at various temperatures ranging from 773 to 973 K for the decomposition of the organic compounds and crystallization of the nanocrystals. PVP was used as capping agent to control the agglomeration of the particles. The characterization studies of the fabricated samples were carried out by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersed X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR). The corresponding peaks of Zn, Cr and O were observed in the EDX spectrum of the sample which confirms the formation of ZnCr2O4. The XRD patterns also confirmed the formation of the single faced nanocrystallines of spinel ZnCr2O4 with a face-centered cubic structure. The average particle size of the synthesized crystals was also determined from the XRD patterns using the Scherers formula which shows that the crystallite sizes increases with increase in calcination temperature and was in good agreement with the TEM images which shows cubical ZnCr2O4 nanocrystals with uniform morphology and particle size distributions. The ESR spectra confirmed the existence of unpaired electron in the fabricated samples and the increase in g-factor and decreases in resonant magnetic field (Hr) were observed as the calcination temperature increases.

The Calcination Temperature Effect on the Phase Formation of the PZT Ceramic: How the same Calcination Temperature, Result in Different Phase’s Formation

2021 ◽  
Vol 406 ◽  
pp. 256-264
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mahdi ◽  
M. Kadri
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Relative Intensity ◽  
Molar Mass ◽  
Rf Sputtering ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metallic Oxides ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Sputtering System

First, the metallic oxides of PbO, TiO2 and ZrO2 were mixed following (2, 1, 1) molar mass respectively. Then 4 samples were separated (S1, S2, S3 and S4). the first one S1 was subjected to calcination treatments at 600, 700 and 800 °C however, the S2 was treated at 700 °C only, the S3 at 800 °C and S4 at 850 °C. The X ray diffraction of the samples reveals important difference in the phases obtained, at 600 °C the quadratic riche phase of PbTiO3 was mainly observed on sample S1, after the treatment at 700 °C and 800°C, the same XRD patterns were obtained with the same peaks positions and the relative intensity. However the S2 revels different pattern from S1 at 700 °C relative to the formation of the Pb(Zr0.75, Ti0.25)O3 Rhombohedral riche phase. The S3 XRD results reveal also different pattern from S1 at 800 °C relative to the formation of Pb (Zr0.58, Ti0.42) O3 near the Morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) and the S4 confirm these finding. Thin films grown from the S1 and S4 used as target in the RF sputtering system, show important difference in the PZT stoichiometry obtained which is relative to Pb (Zr0.44, Ti0.56) located in the quadratic riche phase and Pb (Zr0.52, Ti0.48) O3 near the MPB respectively.

Chemically deposited antimony selenide thin films

2002 ◽  
Vol 730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Rodríguez-Lazcano ◽  
Y. Peña ◽  
M.T. S. Nair ◽  
P. K. Nair
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Electron Microprobe ◽  
Atomic Ratio ◽  
Band Gaps ◽  
High Resistivity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sodium Selenosulfate ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Antimony Selenide

AbstractChemical bath deposition of thin films of antimony selenide from aqueous solutions containing complexes of antimony with citrate, tartrate and thiosulfate as ligands and sodium selenosulfate as source of selenide is reported. The films obtained appear amorphous in the as-prepared form and become crystalline upon annealing at 300°C. The X-ray Diffraction (XRD) patterns of the annealed films show peaks attributable to Sb2Se3 and Sb2O3. Electron microprobe analyses have shown that the atomic ratio of Se/Sb is less than 1.5 in these films. The films are photoconductive and exhibit a high resistivity in the dark. Both direct (1.4 eV) and indirect (1.3-1.5 eV) band gaps are observed for the films.

Electrical Properties of BNKTZ Ceramics as a Function of Calcination Temperature

2016 ◽  
Vol 872 ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
Pichitchai Butnoi ◽  
Supalak Manotham ◽  
Pharatree Jaita ◽  
Ratabongkot Sanjoom ◽  
Denis Russell Sweatman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Piezoelectric Properties ◽  
Solid State Reaction Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Conventional Solid State Reaction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Ferroelectric And Piezoelectric Properties ◽  
Xrd Method

In this research, the Bi0.5(Na0.80K0.20)0.5Ti0.99Ti0.10O3 were prepared via a conventional solid-state reaction method, and their properties were related with calcination temperature. The crystalline structure of BNKTZ ceramics was assessed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) method. Other physical properties, i.e. porosity, density, microstructure, and electrical properties were determined. XRD patterns for all samples showed a pure perovskite, where coexistence between rhombohedral and tetragonal phases was observed for some conditions. The optimum dielectric constant was obtained for the ceramic calcined at 800 °C. The ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties were improved and showed the highest values for the calcination temperature around 900-1000°C. The improvements of ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties were proposed to be due to the ceramics had compositions closed to MPB composition. Furthermore, density also had a contribution for the improvements.

Preparation of TC4-LY12 Joint by Vacuum Diffusion Welding

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 242-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Zeng ◽  
Guo Qiang Luo ◽  
Qiang Shen ◽  
Chuan Bin Wang ◽  
Lian Meng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Atomic Ratio ◽  
Diffusion Welding ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Welding Temperature ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Vacuum Diffusion Welding ◽  
Xrd Patterns

TC4-LY12 welding joint are fabricated by vacuum diffusion welding. The bonding phases are confirmed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), the morphology of samples and chemical composition are evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometer (EDS) analysis, the mechanical property is tested by tensile strength measurement. The XRD patterns show that the main intermetallic compounds formed in the transition zone are Ti3Al, TiAl and TiAl3. Combining the fracture surfaces morphology and element analysis, the bonding mechanism of TC4-LY12 joint is attributed to the inter-diffusion between Ti and Al atoms. The initial phase formed during the reaction is TiAl3 due to the diffusion of titanium atoms into aluminum substrate; with the process of the reaction, Ti3Al and TiAl phases appear gradually with the atomic ratio of 1:1.The tensile strength of the joint increases remarkably with increase of temperature and takes a maximum value (~60MPa) when the welding temperature is 550°C.

Synthesis and Characterization of Nd2Fe14B Powder Prepared by Using Milling and Heat Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 966 ◽  
pp. 352-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramlan ◽  
Priyo Sardjono ◽  
Muljadi ◽  
Dedi Setiabudidaya ◽  
Fakhili Gulo
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stoichiometric Composition ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Atomic Ratio ◽  
Metal Powders ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Magnetic Remanence ◽  
Dominant Phase

The Nd2Fe14B powder has been made by using High Energy Milling (HEM) from mixed metal powders Iron (Fe), Neodymium (Nd) and Boron (B). The Nd, Fe and B powders were mixed according stoichiometric composition (atomic ratio Nd:Fe:B = 2 : 14 : 1) and milled with milling time 40 hours by using HEM. Toluene liquid was used as milling media to protect of metal powders from oxygen. The sample after milling was heated at temperature 600, 700 and 800 °C in vacuum condition (10-3 Pa) for one hour. The measurement result of x-ray diffraction show that the Nd2Fe14B phase already formed as dominant phase and Fe-phase after milling 40 hours, with magnetic remanence (mr) = 4.10 emu/g and coercivity = 1,5 kOe. After heat treatment at temperature 700°C , the sample has magnetic remanence (mr) = 78 emu/g and coercivity (Hc)= 2,0 kOe. But sample after heat tgreatment at 800°C became soft magnet with lower mr and Hc value.

scholarly journals Study of Functional Materials by Correlative Electron and Synchrotron X-ray Microscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (S1) ◽  
pp. 364-366
Author(s):  
Yuzi Liu ◽  
Tao Zhou ◽  
Xinwei Zhou ◽  
Zhonghou Cai ◽  
Martin Holt
Keyword(s):  
Functional Materials ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Influence of Different Percentages of Binders on the Physico-Mechanical Properties of Rhizophora spp. Particleboard as Natural-Based Tissue-Equivalent Phantom for Radiation Dosimetry Applications

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1868
Author(s):  
Siti Hajar Zuber ◽  
Nurul Ab. Aziz Hashikin ◽  
Mohd Fahmi Mohd Yusof ◽  
Mohd Zahri Abdul Aziz ◽  
Rokiah Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Radiation Dosimetry ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Soy Flour ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Internal Bonding ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tissue Equivalent ◽  
Tissue Equivalent Phantom ◽  
Edx Analyses

Rhizophora spp. particleboard with the incorporation of lignin and soy flour as binders were fabricated and the influence of different percentages of lignin and soy flour (0%, 6% and 12%) on the physico-mechanical properties of the particleboard were studied. The samples were characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and internal bonding. The results stipulated that the addition of binders in the fabrication of the particleboard did not change the functional groups according to the FTIR spectrum. For XRD, addition of binders did not reveal any major transformation within the composites. SEM and EDX analyses for all percentages of binders added showed no apparent disparity; however, it is important to note that the incorporation of binders allows better bonding between the molecules. In XRF analysis, lower percentage of chlorine in the adhesive-bonded samples may be advantageous in maintaining the natural properties of the particleboard. In internal bonding, increased internal bond strength in samples with binders may indicate better structural integrity and physico-mechanical strength. In conclusion, the incorporation of lignin and soy flour as binders may potentially strengthen and fortify the particleboard, thus, can be a reliable phantom in radiation dosimetry applications.

scholarly journals Cotton stalk-derived hydrothermal carbon for methylene blue dye removal: investigation of the raw material plant tissues

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Libo Zhang ◽  
Junyan Tan ◽  
Gangying Xing ◽  
Xintong Dou ◽  
Xuqiang Guo
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Cotton Stalk ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bet Analysis

AbstractConversion of the abundant agricultural residual cotton stalk (CS) into useful chemicals or functional materials could alleviate the fossil fuels caused energy shortages and environmental crises. Although some advances have been achieved, less attention has been paid to the plant tissues effect. In this study, the plant tissue of CS was changed by part degradation of some components (hemicelluloses and lignin, for example) with the aid of acid/base (or both). The pretreated CS was transformed into hydrochar by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) method. Morphological and chemical compositions of CS hydrochar were analyzed by various techniques, including elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), BET analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Methylene blue (MB) removal of prepared CS hydrochar was used to evaluate CS hydrochar pollutions adsorption capacity. Results reveal acid/base (or both) pretreatment is beneficial for CS raw material to prepare high-quality CS hydrochar. The effects of some parameters, such as initial MB concentration, temperature, pH value and recyclability on the adsorption of MB onto both acid and base-pretreated CS hydrochar (CS-H2SO4 + NaOH-HTC) were studied. The present work exhibits the importance of agricultural waste biomass material plant tissues on its derived materials, which will have a positive effect on the direct utilization of waste biomass.

scholarly journals Local Structure and Dynamics of Functional Materials Studied by X-ray Absorption Fine Structure

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1315
Author(s):  
Takafumi Miyanaga
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Local Structure ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Absorption Fine ◽  
Structure Phase Transition ◽  
Local Electronic Structure ◽  
X Ray Absorption

X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) is a powerful technique used to analyze a local electronic structure, local atomic structure, and structural dynamics. In this review, I present examples of XAFS that apply to the local structure and dynamics of functional materials: (1) structure phase transition in perovskite PbTiO3 and magnetic FeRhPd alloys; (2) nano-scaled fluctuations related to their magnetic properties in Ni–Mn alloys and Fe/Cr thin films; and (3) the Debye–Waller factors related to the chemical reactivity for catalysis in polyanions and ligand exchange reaction. This study shows that the local structure and dynamics are related to the characteristic function of the materials.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document