scholarly journals Cotton stalk-derived hydrothermal carbon for methylene blue dye removal: investigation of the raw material plant tissues

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Libo Zhang ◽  
Junyan Tan ◽  
Gangying Xing ◽  
Xintong Dou ◽  
Xuqiang Guo
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Cotton Stalk ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bet Analysis

AbstractConversion of the abundant agricultural residual cotton stalk (CS) into useful chemicals or functional materials could alleviate the fossil fuels caused energy shortages and environmental crises. Although some advances have been achieved, less attention has been paid to the plant tissues effect. In this study, the plant tissue of CS was changed by part degradation of some components (hemicelluloses and lignin, for example) with the aid of acid/base (or both). The pretreated CS was transformed into hydrochar by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) method. Morphological and chemical compositions of CS hydrochar were analyzed by various techniques, including elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), BET analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Methylene blue (MB) removal of prepared CS hydrochar was used to evaluate CS hydrochar pollutions adsorption capacity. Results reveal acid/base (or both) pretreatment is beneficial for CS raw material to prepare high-quality CS hydrochar. The effects of some parameters, such as initial MB concentration, temperature, pH value and recyclability on the adsorption of MB onto both acid and base-pretreated CS hydrochar (CS-H2SO4 + NaOH-HTC) were studied. The present work exhibits the importance of agricultural waste biomass material plant tissues on its derived materials, which will have a positive effect on the direct utilization of waste biomass.

Effect of Heat Treatment on Phase-Formation Behavior of Agricultural Material

2014 ◽  
Vol 979 ◽  
pp. 323-326
Author(s):  
W. Siriprom ◽  
P. Kuha ◽  
S. Kongsriprapan ◽  
K. Teanchai
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Amorphous Structure ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Oxide Compound ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Babylonia Areolata ◽  
Agricultural Material

In present study, the phase transformations upon heat treatment were investigated and assessment the possibilities to produce the raw material in the production of low-cost natural adsorbents which have appropriate physical and mechanical characteristics. The physical-chemical properties of agricultural material were identified by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy. The XRD pattern suggest that theBabylonia areolatashells sample have the aragonite phase while the rice husk and the coconut lumber sawdust have amorphous structure. After that, all samples were annealed at different temperatures ranging from 300 to 900°C, another that, all samples have been transform structural in to Oxide compound. Moreover, the chemical compositions were investigated by XRF and FTIR was developed for analysis of functional group and their chemical bonding characteristics.

The Preparation of C, N, S Tri-Doped TiO2 and Visible-Light Photo-Degradation of Methylene Blue and Dyes

2011 ◽  
Vol 287-290 ◽  
pp. 1735-1743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Dong Shi ◽  
Qiong Guo ◽  
Yuan Song Xie
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Visible Absorption ◽  
Photo Degradation ◽  
X Ray

The C, N, S tri-doped TiO2 with high visible-light photo-catalysis effect was successfully prepared by mixing thiourea with the self-prepared TiO2 powder through calcining for 2h at 450°C. The TiO2 powder was obtained by homogeneous precipitation method using the metatitanic acid instead of expensive chemical reagents contained Ti as raw material. The effect of doping materials and methods on the photo-degradation rate of methylene blue and dyes was studied. The characterizations of the doped TiO2 were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV-visible absorption spectra (UV-vis). The results showed that this sample was the anatase TiO2 and contained elements C, N, S. The sample exhibited a significant response to ultraviolet and visible light. In the photo-degradation experiment, the C, N, S, tridoped-TiO2 could decolorize methylene blue and textile dyes quickly, and the photo-degradation rate of methylene blue could reach upward 98% after 3 hours under the different light sources.

scholarly journals METHYLENE BLUE REMOVAL USING COCONUT SHELL BIOCHAR SYNTHESIZED THROUGH MICROWAVE-ASSISTED PYROLYSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Nuryana ◽  
Muhammad Fahrul Rahman Alim ◽  
Maizatulakmal Yahayu ◽  
Muhammad Abbas Ahmad ◽  
Raja Safazliana Raja Sulong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Thermal Processing ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Bet Analysis ◽  
Methylene Blue Removal ◽  
Energy Consuming ◽  
Conventional Pyrolysis ◽  
Time And Energy

Indonesia is the world’s second largest producer of coconut. This at the same time resulted in huge generation of coconut shell waste that need to be properly managed to prevent environmental contamination such as water, air and soil pollution. Current techniques of physical and thermal processing are time and energy consuming. This study reports on the conversion of coconut shell biomass into biochar using microwave-assisted pyrolysis (MAP). The MAP processes were carried out at different microwave power (550-650W) and   residence time (15-25 minutes). Two of the highest biochar yields were obtained at 550W with the residence times of 15 minutes (91.31 wt%, termed as S1) and 20 minutes (83.88 wt%, termed as S2), respectively. Both values were higher than biochar yield obtained using conventional pyrolysis process i.e. 30.10 wt%. Both S1 and S2 showed considerable capacity to remove 0.6875 mg.g-1 and 0.5165 mg.g-1 methylene blue which had the initial concentration of 25 mg.L-1. The adsorption efficiencies of S1 and S2 biochars were 55.00% and 41.32%, respectively. Results obtained from the FTIR, FESEM and BET analysis also supported the methylene blue removal properties of both S1 and S2, respectively. As a conclusion, coconut shell showed potential as a useful raw material to produce biochar that can be used for methylene blue removal from solution. Nevertheless, more investigation need to be carried out prior to commercialization venture of the coconut-shell based biochar.

scholarly journals Activated carbon and biochar from pineapple waste biomass for the removal of methylene blue

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Khoirun Nisa Mahmud ◽  
Tan Hui Wen ◽  
Zainul Akmar Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Water System ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Adsorbent Dosage ◽  
Pineapple Waste ◽  
Area Functional ◽  
Dye Pollution

Dye pollution in water system is of concern due to its carcinogenicity and its effect on aesthetic feature. One pollutant of interest is methylene blue (MB), which is a cationic dye widely used in industries. In this study, pyrolysis process was used to convert pineapple waste biomass (PWB) into useful adsorbents such as biochar (BC) and activated carbon (AC) to remove MB in water. BC was produced from pyrolysis of PWB (340 °C, 3 hours) whereas AC was prepared from pyrolysis of PWB (500 °C, 1 hour) impregnated with zinc chloride (ZnCl2). Prior to use, AC-PWB and BC-PWB were characterized for surface area, functional groups and surface morphology. Removal of MB was investigated by varying different parameters i.e. initial MB concentration and contact time, adsorbent dosage and temperature. Results obtained showed that AC-PWB has higher adsorption capacity than BC-PWB. The adsorption capacity and adsorption rate increased with increasing initial concentration of MB, adsorbent dosage and temperature until reached equilibrium condition. As a conclusion, PWB can be used as a useful raw material to produce cheap and environmentally friendly adsorbent to remove dye from solution.

Preparation of Mesoporous Magnetic TiO2/CoFe2O4 Photocatalysts Using Ionic Liquid as Template Agent

2013 ◽  
Vol 345 ◽  
pp. 201-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Wang ◽  
Lan Bo Di ◽  
Li Juan Zhang ◽  
Gui Fu Dong ◽  
Xiu Ling Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Mesoporous Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bet Analysis

A simple sol-gel method using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazoliun tetrafluoroborate ([C4MIM]BF4) ionic liquid as template agent was used to prepared mesoporous magnetic TiO2/CoFe2O4photocatalysts (denoted as IL-TiO2/CoFe2O4). The photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. The results showed that well crystallized anatase TiO2in IL-TiO2/CoFe2O4photocatalysts could be obtained when the calcination temperature was as low as 200 °C, and the phase transition temperature from anatase to rutile was increased to 800 °C. BET analysis showed that IL-TiO2/CoFe2O4was mesoporous structure. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was evaluated by photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB). The results showed that photocatalytic activity of IL-TiO2/CoFe2O4was 6 times higher than that of TiO2/CoFe2O4when a low calcination temperature of 350 °C was used.

Synthesis, Characterization and its Photocatalytic of Copper Oxide (CuO) Powder

2019 ◽  
Vol 962 ◽  
pp. 70-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pusit Pookmanee ◽  
Pimpaka Sangthep ◽  
Jiratchaya Tafun ◽  
Viruntachar Kruefu ◽  
Suchanya Kojinok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Copper Acetate ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Microwave Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Infrared Spectrometer ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this research, copper oxide (CuO) powder was successfully synthesized by microwave method. Copper acetate and sodium hydroxide were used as the starting precursors. The microwave power was annealed at 600-800 Watt for 6 min. The fine black powder was obtained, milled and dried at 80 °C for 12 h. The structure was identified by X-ray diffractometer (XRD). A monoclinic single phase was obtained without calcination steps. The morphology was investigated by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The particle was irregular in shape and agglomerated. The chemical composition was determined by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDXS). The chemical compositions showed the characteristic X-ray energy of copper (Cu, Lα = 0.929 keV) and oxygen (O, Kα = 0.525 keV). The functional group was investigated by fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). The functional groups of the vibration Cu-O bending showed the wavenumber at 514-615 cm-1. The degradation of methylene blue (MB) over CuO powder was studied by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis). The highest percentage of MB degradation for CuO powder annealed at 800 Watt for 6 min was about 33.72.

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION OF CLAY MATERIALS USED FOR POTTERY PURPOSES FROM RENDENG, MALO, BOJONEGORO

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Dyah Setyaningrum ◽  
Sujiat Sujiat ◽  
Aprilia Nur Azizah
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Clay Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Plastic Type ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometer

Clay material from Rendeng, Malo, Bojonegoro was studied by mineralogy and physicochemical characterization to evaluate its potential suitability as a raw material in pottery application. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform-Infrared (FTIR) spectrometry were used to establish the mineralogy composition. Meanwhile the physical properties were identified by particle size distribution and consistency limits. Chemical composition was carried out by X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (XRF).  The results of XRD characterization revealed that clay from Rendeng Village, Malo, Bojonegoro contained  kaolin, quartz, and feldspar. Physical characterization shows that clay material is a less plastic type based on Atterberg method. Based on the chemical compositions indicated that SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, and Fe2O3 were abundance oxides. Therefore, clay from Desa Rendeng was only suitable for the pottery purposes because most of its mineral compositions did not meet the quality requirements for making advanced ceramics.

Controlled Synthesis of Coral-Like CuO Dendrites with Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 5028-5036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Gao ◽  
Yi Wu ◽  
Xiang-Fei He ◽  
Jia-Xuan Yin ◽  
Li-Zhao Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Photocatalytic Performance ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Ammonium Bromide ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bet Analysis

In this work, coral-like CuO dendrites were successfully synthesized by a solvothermal method in the mixed solvent of distilled water and ethanol with assistance of dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (DTAB). The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis techniques, to investigate their structure and morphology. The coral-like CuO dendrites were about 1 μm in length, with many dendrites pointing to a common center. The influence of experimental conditions on morphology, such as volume ratio of water to ethanol, surfactant DTAB and molar ratio of Na2CO3 and Cu(CH3COO)2, was also discussed. Time-dependent experiment was carried out to explore the formation mechanism while a “particle-sheet-dendrite (PSD)” mechanism was proposed to explain the growth process. The as-prepared CuO dendrites were used to degrade methylene blue (MB) under visible light irradiation in the presence of H2O2, where over 98% of methylene blue (MB) was degraded in 1 h. Results from the study demonstrated that the as-prepared coral-like CuO dendrites exhibited enhanced photocatalytic performance and excellent stability and reusability.

scholarly journals Extraction of Al-Si master alloy and alumina from coal fly ash

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Liu ◽  
Z. Shi ◽  
K. Xie ◽  
X. Hu ◽  
B. Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Master Alloy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Aluminothermic Reduction ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray

Coal fly ash from coal power plants is a potential raw material for the production of alumina. An objective aluminothermic reduction method for the preparation of Al-Si master alloy and alumina from coal fly ash was investigated. The kinetic analysis using non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry indicated that the reduction of Al6Si2O13, Fe2O3, and TiO2 by aluminum in coal fly ash occurs at 1618 K, 1681 K, and 1754 K, respectively. Moreover, the influence of reaction temperature on product composition was studied. The phases and morphologies of the products obtained by the aluminothermic reduction of coal fly ash at 1373-1773 K were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy, respectively. The results from X-ray diffraction show that no oxide reduction has taken place at 1373 K and 1473K, the compositions of the product obtained by aluminothermic reduction of fly ash at 1573K- 1673 K are Al2O3, mullite, Al and Si, while the compositions of the product at 1773 K are Al2O3, Al, and Si. In addition, the chemical compositions of Al-Si alloy obtained at 1773 K are 86.81 wt% Al and 13.19 wt% Si.

The Raw Material Sources and Nondestructive Identification Study of the Blue and White Porcelain Made in Jiajing Official Kiln and Dehua Housuo Kiln

2013 ◽  
Vol 815 ◽  
pp. 833-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Wu Li ◽  
Gin Chen ◽  
Da Wei Yang ◽  
Jiong Xin Zheng ◽  
Li Fang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Identification Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Material Sources ◽  
Nondestructive Identification ◽  
Made In ◽  
White Porcelain

In order to study the raw material sources and their identification methods of blue and white porcelain made in Jingdezhen Jiajing official kiln (J-O-kiln) and Dehua Housuo kiln (D-H-kiln), 22 blue and white porcelain samples of J-O-kiln and D-H-kiln were analyzed for their body and glaze chemical compositions by Proton Induced X-Ray Emission (PIXE). A set of fingerprint chemical components among them were selected for distribution analysis. Our results show that the raw material sources the porcelain bodies of J-O-kiln are relatively concentrated, and those of D-H-kiln porcelain bodies are relatively scattered, and the raw material sources of porcelain bodies made in the two kilns are quite different, and the raw material sources, recipes of the transparent glazes and blue and white glazes made in these two kilns are also quite different. Therefore, blue and white porcelain samples from J-O-kiln and D-H-kiln can be better easily differentiated by PIXE and fingerprint chemical components distribution analysis.

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