scholarly journals Strength of the flexural joint of mortar joints and solid fired clay brick prisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 2139 (1) ◽  
pp. 012017
Author(s):  
N Afanador García ◽  
G Guerrero Gómez ◽  
C Nolasco Serna
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Force Measurement ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Semiautomatic Machine ◽  
Clay Brick

Abstract Masonry constructions built with mortar and solid fired clay bricks are subject to: high cement content, excessive water-cement ratio causing problems of mortar shrinkage during curing and differential movements between the brick and mortar caused by movements due to wind or seismic events. Earth movements generate some failures in simple masonry walls and confined masonry in solid brick joints, mainly with failure inclination angles varying from 45 degrees to 50 degrees. The objective of this research work was to estimate the flexural bond strength of the mortar joint and the solid fired clay brick and thus establish design parameters for non-structural masonry in the municipality of Ocanña, Colombia. From the fired clay brick manufacturers, 18 in total, simple random sampling was used to determine the sample size, 4 manufacturers were randomly selected. In addition, the characterization of the solid fired clay brick units was carried out with respect to their compressive strength, initial absorption rate and final absorption, as well as the mortar with respect to its compressive strength at 28 days, according to the Colombian standard for earthquake resistant constructions; for the determination of the flexural strength of the bonding mortar and solid brick units, a semiautomatic machine for flexural strength testing of masonry units, Pinzuar model PC-13, with a force measurement of 1000 N and an accuracy of 0.1 N, was designed. The flexural strength at the masonry joint was obtained for mortar type M with a value of 0.26 MPa, with a standard deviation of 0.01 MPa and a coefficient of variation of 4.72%. As for mortars type N and S, the average strength value was equal to 0.24 MPa for the two types of mortar, with standard deviation of 0.03 MPa and 0.01 MPa respectively, and coefficient of variation of 11.4% and 3.18% respectively. Given the importance of the variables, an interpretation of physical of the relationship between the properties was made: compressive strength of the solid fired clay brick and flexural strength at the masonry joint, since their average values were similar.

scholarly journals Effects of Carbonation on the Properties of Concrete

2019 ◽  
pp. 205-214
Author(s):  
Ikumapayi C. M. ◽  
Adeniji A. A. ◽  
Obisesan A. A. ◽  
Odeyemi O. ◽  
Ajayi J. A.
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Accelerated Carbonation ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Carbonation Process

Concrete is one of the reliable, durable, economical and acceptable construction materials among the building and construction stakeholders worldwide. Performance of concrete could be threatened especially reinforced concrete by some processes such as corrosion, sulfate attack among others. Corrosion of reinforcement in reinforced concrete can be induced by carbonation process. Even though carbonation initiates corrosion, it has been gathered that carbonation could still be of immense benefits to building and construction industries if its mechanism of operation is understudied. This research work has therefore investigated the effect of carbonation on some selected mechanical properties of concrete such as compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption and weight changes. Concrete cubes and beams of M15 grade with 0.5 % water-cement ratio were prepared and subjected to accelerated carbonation. Their compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption and weight changes were determined in accordance with the relevant standards. The outcomes show that carbonation improves all the mechanical properties investigated. The use of carbonation can be positively explored in reinforced concrete provided there is adequate nominal cover.

scholarly journals A study based upon the effect of polyvinyl alcohol fiber, iron slag and fly ash over the strength aspects of geo-polymer concrete

2021 ◽  
Vol 889 (1) ◽  
pp. 012051
Author(s):  
farhan Maqbool ◽  
Jagdish Chand
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Polymer Concrete ◽  
Result Section ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol Fiber ◽  
Iron Slag

Abstract In this research work fly ash, iron slag and polyvinyl alcohol fiber was utilized to enhance the strength parameters of the concrete. Fly ash and iron slag were used as replacement of the cement and polyvinyl alcohol fiber was used as an additive at 0 %, 2 %, 3 % and 4 %. After this several samples were casted and then verified for numerous test. Compressive strength test was executed and it finds out that concrete containing Polyvinyl Alcohol fibers (with different curing methods) was showing increasing strength as compared to concrete deprived of Fiber. Specimens of oven cured samples shown a large increase in strength as compared to room temperature curing as shown in the result section. Compressive strength increases up to three percent of adding Polyvinyl Alcohol fiber after that strength decreasing. Flexure strength was carried on the Geo-Polymer concrete with different curing techniques and result show’s an impressive increase in flexural strength, but room temperature cured specimens show lesser growth as compared oven cured specimens. But not lower than concrete which didn’t have Polyvinyl Alcohol fiber in it. Flexural strength increases up to three percent of adding Polyvinyl Alcohol fiber in both the curing techniques and decreases at four percent as shown in the result section. Split tensile test was also carried out for both the curing techniques oven curing and room temperature curing. The samples which were cured in oven curing show impressive growth in strength. Maximum split tensile strength attained at three percent of adding Polyvinyl Alcohol fiber. With the help of UPV, it was found that the concrete that makes with the help of a Polyvinyl Alcohol Fiber is of good quality as shown in results.

Reinforcement of cement mortar with recycled polyethylene waste for construction applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 002199832110002
Author(s):  
Moses K Flomo ◽  
Salifu T Azeko ◽  
Emmanuel K Arthur ◽  
Jamal-Deen Kukurah ◽  
Kabiru Mustapha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Survival Probability ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Cement Mortar ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Volume Percentage ◽  
Recycled Polyethylene ◽  
The Impact

This current research work combines both experimental and theoretical study of the impact of cement mortar reinforced with recycled polyethylene waste for applications in the construction industry. The work explores incorporating low density polyethylene (LDPE) waste into cement mortar to improve its fracture toughness and flexural strength with balanced compressive strength. Different volume fractions (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, and 40%) of the powdered LDPE were mixed with cement and the density, compressive strength, flexural strength, and the fracture toughness were observed under different testing conditions. All specimens were tested after curing of 7, 14, and 28 days. The results show that there was [Formula: see text]6% increase in the fracture toughness at 5 vol. %, [Formula: see text]7% increase at 10 vol. %, and 24% increases at 20 vol. % of LDPE. Also, it was observed that the weight and compressive strength decreased with increasing volume fraction up to 40 vol. % of LDPE waste. The results for the survival/failure probability show that the PE-mortar composites with PE volume percentages up to 20 vol. % had the highest survival probability. The composite with this volume percentage can withstand crack up to 6 mm, with a survival probability of 0.6.

scholarly journals An Investigation on Durability and Ductulity of Concrete using Fly Ash and Fibre Glass

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 170-174
Author(s):  
Eedi Divya , Ch Bhaskara Teja
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Fibre Glass ◽  
Durability Properties ◽  
Cement Manufacturing ◽  
The Look ◽  
Energy Plants

Concrete enterprise is dealing with the environmental impact, via the emission of CO2 while cement manufacturing. Cement partly replaced with pozzolanic waste fabric like fly ash reduces the freeing of CO2. Fly ash is made of thermal energy plants. Due to the usage of glass fibers to standard concrete has a big compressive strength and flexural Strength. This research work deals the look at of different grades (M30, M40) of GFRC by means of partial substitute of cement with fly ash. In keeping with mix proportions, standard sizes of specimens are casted that allows you to locate the durability properties, ductility and flexural power? Durability properties are performed with the aid of checking out the specimens for sulphate and acid assaults. Whereas ductility and flexural energy is received from pressure-pressure curves. And acquired results are as compared to traditional concrete. Its miles been determined from this research is that, ductility, sturdiness and flexural electricity is higher for GFRC than traditional concrete.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Suitability of Paper Waste as an Engineering Material

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 724-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. M. Okeyinka ◽  
O. J. Idowu
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Waste Paper ◽  
Engineering Material ◽  
Potential Applicability

This research work investigates the potential applicability of waste paper in the production of ceiling boards with focus on achieving: environmental sustainability, safe disposal of waste paper and more cost effective production of materials. The main view was to provide an alternative to the conventional asbestos ceiling boards that are costly and also pose health risks. Three mix designs were formulated and used for the casting (1:1, 1:1.5 and 1:2), varying in regards of the weight of the waste paper components. CaCO3 was added to the mix as an additive as well as starch bond glue to aid binding. Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the properties and suitability of the produced boards. Properties such as water absorption, abrasion, compressive strength, flexural strength and ultimate loads were considered for comparison. The boards with 1:1 mix ratio displayed the best results of the test properties hence, its mechanized manufacturing was recommended.

Performance of Alfa Fibres in Cementitious Materials Exposed to Diverse Surface Treatments

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soukaina Ajouguim ◽  
Jonathan Page ◽  
Chafika Djelal ◽  
Mohamed Waqif ◽  
Latifa Saadi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Economic Interest ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Cement Mortars

Alfa plant presents a great ecological and socio-economic interest in the Maghreb countries. It is used in several fields of applications such as craft production and paper industry. However, a few research work has been realized on the valorisation of Alfa fibres in the construction sector. The main objective of this work is to develop an Alfa fibre-reinforced mortar with significant mechanical properties for the facade panel’s manufacturing. It was highlighted that Alfa fibres enhance the flexural strength of reinforced mortars. Therefore, a decrease in the flexural strength of the composite after 90 days of curing. In addition, the incorporation of Alfa fibres reduced the compressive strength of the composite. In this regard, to enhance the mechanical properties of the composite, various treatments were explored: alkaline treatment with sodium hydroxide, hydrothermal treatment by water boiling, and coating with sulfoaluminate cement. It was noted that the treatments could provide a partial elimination of the non-cellulosic components and enhance the Alfa fibre roughness. Raw and treated Alfa fibres were incorporated into cement mortars at different lengths of the (10 and 20 mm) with an addition ratio of 1 %vol.. Compared to untreated fibres, fibres treated chemically provide an improvement of 38 % of the flexural strength at 28 days for both fibres length. Unlike the coated fibres, the efficiency of treatment was noted at 90 days of curing. Otherwise, a slight increase in compressive strength was observed compared to the untreated fibres mortar. These results were approved by porosity accessible to water and calorimetric tests.

scholarly journals Risk Analysis of Tobacco Farming At South OKU Regency South Sumatera Province

MBIA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-124
Author(s):  
Fifian Permata Sari ◽  
Munajat Munajat
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Sample Method

This study aimed to analyse the risk of tobacco farming at South OKU, South Sumatera Province. The location is determined by purposive on South OKU Regency caused it was the centre placed of tobacco farming of South Sumatera Province.. The method of this research is survey method, and simple random sampling as the sample method, with taken 25 farmers as the samples of 63 tobacco farmers in South OKU Regency. The result showed that tobacco farming in South OKU Regency, resulted in average income of Rp. 54.367.880. from these calculations it can be seen that the amount of standard deviation of Rp.15.718.548,16657. The coefficient of variation obtained is 0.2891146053 which means the CV is less than 0.5 (0.28 and L more than (22.930.783.666859 ≥ 0). This indicated that tobacco farming in South OKU Regency is protected from loss. Keywords : Risk analysis, tobacco farming, protected from loss.

scholarly journals Investigation of Compressive Strength of Straw Reinforced Unfired Clay Bricks For Sustainable Building Construction

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas O. Dawood ◽  
Faten I. Mussa ◽  
Hayder Al Khazraji ◽  
Hussain A. Abd ◽  
Mohammed M. Yasser
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Coarse Sand ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Brick And Mortar

Abstract The mud is considered as one of the oldest construction materials in Iraq and is still used in the country regions for farmer’s houses or animal shelters. In Iraq, there are different types of mud constructions, including adobe, unfired bricks and cob. The presented study has focused on unfired clay brick where the clay is the main material. To ensure that the clay is pure and clean, it was excavated from the depth of 2 m below the natural ground level. Different types of unfired clay bricks produced by adding different materials to the clay to improve its properties and especially large deformation due to shrinkage. The added materials are classified into three concepts, the first additives are the natural fibers (straw, sawdust, and rice husk) and they are used to improve the tensile strength of brick and reduce the cracking due to shrinkage. The second additives included added the fine and coarse sand as a stabilizer to reduce the volumetric changes. The third additives are adding cement to increase the adhesive and cohesion of the mud matrix. The measurements included compressive strength of brick, mortar, and masonry and the flexural strength of bricks alone. The behaviour of unfired masonry prisms was also compared to the traditionally fired clay brick prisms. The results indicate that higher compressive strength of bricks was got for the mix that included clay, coarse sand and straw. The maximum flexural strength of bricks was got for the mix that included clay and sawdust, while for unfired masonry prism the higher compressive strength was obtained with a mix that included clay, coarse sand and straw. Finally, a proposed formula to obtain the compressive strength of unfired brick masonry from the compressive strength of brick and mortar is presented.

scholarly journals Preparation of Electric- and Magnetic-Activated Water and Its Influence on the Workability and Mechanical Properties of Cement Mortar

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4546
Author(s):  
Kaiyue Zhao ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Bing Wang ◽  
Yupeng Tian ◽  
Shanbin Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Cement Paste ◽  
Cement Mortar ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Chemical Admixtures ◽  
Untreated Water ◽  
Alternating Voltage

Cement-based materials prepared with activated water induced by a magnetic field or electric field represent a possible solution to environmental issues caused by the worldwide utilization of chemical admixtures. In this contribution, electric- and magnetic-activated water have been produced. The workability and mechanical properties of cement mortar prepared with this activated water have been investigated. The results indicate that the pH and absorbance (Abs) values of the water varied as the electric and magnetic field changed, and their values increased significantly, exhibiting improved activity compared with that of the untreated water. In addition, activated water still retains activity within 30 min of the resting time. The fluidity of the cement paste prepared with electric-activated water was significantly larger than that of the untreated paste. However, the level of improvement differed with the worst performance resulting from cement paste prepared with alternating voltage activated water. In terms of mechanical properties, both compressive strength and flexural strength obtained its maximum values at 280 mT with two processing cycles. The compressive strength increased 26% as the curing time increased from 7 days to 28 days and flexural strength increased by 31%. In addition, through the introduction of magnetic-activated water into cement mortar, the mechanical strength can be maintained without losing its workability when the amount of cement is reduced.

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