scholarly journals Assessment of the Suitability of Paper Waste as an Engineering Material

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 724-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. M. Okeyinka ◽  
O. J. Idowu
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Waste Paper ◽  
Engineering Material ◽  
Potential Applicability

This research work investigates the potential applicability of waste paper in the production of ceiling boards with focus on achieving: environmental sustainability, safe disposal of waste paper and more cost effective production of materials. The main view was to provide an alternative to the conventional asbestos ceiling boards that are costly and also pose health risks. Three mix designs were formulated and used for the casting (1:1, 1:1.5 and 1:2), varying in regards of the weight of the waste paper components. CaCO3 was added to the mix as an additive as well as starch bond glue to aid binding. Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the properties and suitability of the produced boards. Properties such as water absorption, abrasion, compressive strength, flexural strength and ultimate loads were considered for comparison. The boards with 1:1 mix ratio displayed the best results of the test properties hence, its mechanized manufacturing was recommended.

scholarly journals Use of waste paper ash or wood ash as substitution to fly ash in production of geopolymer concrete

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 464-476
Author(s):  
Haider Owaid ◽  
Haider Al-Baghdadi ◽  
Muna Al-Rubaye
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
Splitting Tensile Strength ◽  
Waste Paper ◽  
Geopolymer Concrete

Large quantities of paper and wood waste are generated every day, the disposal of these waste products is a problem because it requires huge space for their disposal. The possibility of using these wastes can mitigate the environmental problems related to them. This study presents an investigation on the feasibility of inclusion of waste paper ash (WPA) or wood ash (WA) as replacement materials for fly ash (FA) class F in preparation geopolymer concrete (GC). The developed geopolymer concretes for this study were prepared at replacement ratios of FA by WPA or WA of 25, 50, 75 and 100% in addition to a control mix containing 100% of FA. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) are used as alkaline activators with 1M and 10M of sodium hydroxide solution.The geopolymer concretes have been evaluated with respect to the workability, the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength. The results indicated that there were no significant differences in the workability of the control GC mix and the developed GC mixes incorporating WPA or WA. Also, the results showed that, by incorporating of 25–50% PWA or 25% WA, the mechanical properties (compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength) of GC mixes slightly decreased. While replacement with 75–100% WPA or with 50–100% WA has reduced these mechanical properties of GC mixes. As a result, there is a feasibility of partial replacement of FA by up to 50% WPA or 25% WA in preparation of the geopolymer concrete.

scholarly journals Effects of Carbonation on the Properties of Concrete

2019 ◽  
pp. 205-214
Author(s):  
Ikumapayi C. M. ◽  
Adeniji A. A. ◽  
Obisesan A. A. ◽  
Odeyemi O. ◽  
Ajayi J. A.
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Accelerated Carbonation ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Carbonation Process

Concrete is one of the reliable, durable, economical and acceptable construction materials among the building and construction stakeholders worldwide. Performance of concrete could be threatened especially reinforced concrete by some processes such as corrosion, sulfate attack among others. Corrosion of reinforcement in reinforced concrete can be induced by carbonation process. Even though carbonation initiates corrosion, it has been gathered that carbonation could still be of immense benefits to building and construction industries if its mechanism of operation is understudied. This research work has therefore investigated the effect of carbonation on some selected mechanical properties of concrete such as compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption and weight changes. Concrete cubes and beams of M15 grade with 0.5 % water-cement ratio were prepared and subjected to accelerated carbonation. Their compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption and weight changes were determined in accordance with the relevant standards. The outcomes show that carbonation improves all the mechanical properties investigated. The use of carbonation can be positively explored in reinforced concrete provided there is adequate nominal cover.

scholarly journals Strength of the flexural joint of mortar joints and solid fired clay brick prisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 2139 (1) ◽  
pp. 012017
Author(s):  
N Afanador García ◽  
G Guerrero Gómez ◽  
C Nolasco Serna
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Force Measurement ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Semiautomatic Machine ◽  
Clay Brick

Abstract Masonry constructions built with mortar and solid fired clay bricks are subject to: high cement content, excessive water-cement ratio causing problems of mortar shrinkage during curing and differential movements between the brick and mortar caused by movements due to wind or seismic events. Earth movements generate some failures in simple masonry walls and confined masonry in solid brick joints, mainly with failure inclination angles varying from 45 degrees to 50 degrees. The objective of this research work was to estimate the flexural bond strength of the mortar joint and the solid fired clay brick and thus establish design parameters for non-structural masonry in the municipality of Ocanña, Colombia. From the fired clay brick manufacturers, 18 in total, simple random sampling was used to determine the sample size, 4 manufacturers were randomly selected. In addition, the characterization of the solid fired clay brick units was carried out with respect to their compressive strength, initial absorption rate and final absorption, as well as the mortar with respect to its compressive strength at 28 days, according to the Colombian standard for earthquake resistant constructions; for the determination of the flexural strength of the bonding mortar and solid brick units, a semiautomatic machine for flexural strength testing of masonry units, Pinzuar model PC-13, with a force measurement of 1000 N and an accuracy of 0.1 N, was designed. The flexural strength at the masonry joint was obtained for mortar type M with a value of 0.26 MPa, with a standard deviation of 0.01 MPa and a coefficient of variation of 4.72%. As for mortars type N and S, the average strength value was equal to 0.24 MPa for the two types of mortar, with standard deviation of 0.03 MPa and 0.01 MPa respectively, and coefficient of variation of 11.4% and 3.18% respectively. Given the importance of the variables, an interpretation of physical of the relationship between the properties was made: compressive strength of the solid fired clay brick and flexural strength at the masonry joint, since their average values were similar.

scholarly journals A study based upon the effect of polyvinyl alcohol fiber, iron slag and fly ash over the strength aspects of geo-polymer concrete

2021 ◽  
Vol 889 (1) ◽  
pp. 012051
Author(s):  
farhan Maqbool ◽  
Jagdish Chand
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Polymer Concrete ◽  
Result Section ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol Fiber ◽  
Iron Slag

Abstract In this research work fly ash, iron slag and polyvinyl alcohol fiber was utilized to enhance the strength parameters of the concrete. Fly ash and iron slag were used as replacement of the cement and polyvinyl alcohol fiber was used as an additive at 0 %, 2 %, 3 % and 4 %. After this several samples were casted and then verified for numerous test. Compressive strength test was executed and it finds out that concrete containing Polyvinyl Alcohol fibers (with different curing methods) was showing increasing strength as compared to concrete deprived of Fiber. Specimens of oven cured samples shown a large increase in strength as compared to room temperature curing as shown in the result section. Compressive strength increases up to three percent of adding Polyvinyl Alcohol fiber after that strength decreasing. Flexure strength was carried on the Geo-Polymer concrete with different curing techniques and result show’s an impressive increase in flexural strength, but room temperature cured specimens show lesser growth as compared oven cured specimens. But not lower than concrete which didn’t have Polyvinyl Alcohol fiber in it. Flexural strength increases up to three percent of adding Polyvinyl Alcohol fiber in both the curing techniques and decreases at four percent as shown in the result section. Split tensile test was also carried out for both the curing techniques oven curing and room temperature curing. The samples which were cured in oven curing show impressive growth in strength. Maximum split tensile strength attained at three percent of adding Polyvinyl Alcohol fiber. With the help of UPV, it was found that the concrete that makes with the help of a Polyvinyl Alcohol Fiber is of good quality as shown in results.

Potential Use of Waste Paper/Sludge as a Ceiling Board Material

2007 ◽  
Vol 18-19 ◽  
pp. 49-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.P. Folorunso ◽  
B.U. Anyata
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Waste Paper ◽  
Paper Sludge ◽  
Board Material ◽  
Potential Use

A material was made from cement/waste paper/sludge mixture and tests were carried out on it to ascertain its suitability as a ceiling board material. The tests included water absorption, drying shrinkage, flexural strength, thermal conductivity, and compressive strength. The results showed that the material possesses good properties as a ceiling board material.

Natural Mineral for Improving Concrete Compressive Strength

2014 ◽  
Vol 875-877 ◽  
pp. 1490-1494
Author(s):  
Abdoullah Namdar ◽  
Ideris Bin Zakaria ◽  
Azam Khodashenas Pelko ◽  
Nurmunira Binti Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Construction Cost ◽  
Mixed Design ◽  
Concrete Compressive Strength ◽  
Natural Mineral ◽  
Concrete Quality

Several concrete additives have been innovated for improving concrete quality. In this research work the treated kaolin by heat has been used as concrete additive. Kaolin was subjected to the heat for 1 hour in different degree of temperatures. The crystal structure of Kaolin thermally is modified under heat and microstructure of the hydrated samples has been investigated using FESEM. The main objective is to introduce a cost effective concrete additive. The result is indicated that when kaolin subjected to 800 oC and used in 6% quantity as an additive in concrete mixed design, the concrete compressive strength of 14 days is 40% higher than concrete compressive strength of 28 days which is not used any additive. And if 12% additive is used the concrete compressive strength increased in same level on 7 days. This concrete additive reduces construction cost and time.

Reinforcement of cement mortar with recycled polyethylene waste for construction applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 002199832110002
Author(s):  
Moses K Flomo ◽  
Salifu T Azeko ◽  
Emmanuel K Arthur ◽  
Jamal-Deen Kukurah ◽  
Kabiru Mustapha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Survival Probability ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Cement Mortar ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Volume Percentage ◽  
Recycled Polyethylene ◽  
The Impact

This current research work combines both experimental and theoretical study of the impact of cement mortar reinforced with recycled polyethylene waste for applications in the construction industry. The work explores incorporating low density polyethylene (LDPE) waste into cement mortar to improve its fracture toughness and flexural strength with balanced compressive strength. Different volume fractions (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, and 40%) of the powdered LDPE were mixed with cement and the density, compressive strength, flexural strength, and the fracture toughness were observed under different testing conditions. All specimens were tested after curing of 7, 14, and 28 days. The results show that there was [Formula: see text]6% increase in the fracture toughness at 5 vol. %, [Formula: see text]7% increase at 10 vol. %, and 24% increases at 20 vol. % of LDPE. Also, it was observed that the weight and compressive strength decreased with increasing volume fraction up to 40 vol. % of LDPE waste. The results for the survival/failure probability show that the PE-mortar composites with PE volume percentages up to 20 vol. % had the highest survival probability. The composite with this volume percentage can withstand crack up to 6 mm, with a survival probability of 0.6.

scholarly journals An Investigation on Durability and Ductulity of Concrete using Fly Ash and Fibre Glass

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 170-174
Author(s):  
Eedi Divya , Ch Bhaskara Teja
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Fibre Glass ◽  
Durability Properties ◽  
Cement Manufacturing ◽  
The Look ◽  
Energy Plants

Concrete enterprise is dealing with the environmental impact, via the emission of CO2 while cement manufacturing. Cement partly replaced with pozzolanic waste fabric like fly ash reduces the freeing of CO2. Fly ash is made of thermal energy plants. Due to the usage of glass fibers to standard concrete has a big compressive strength and flexural Strength. This research work deals the look at of different grades (M30, M40) of GFRC by means of partial substitute of cement with fly ash. In keeping with mix proportions, standard sizes of specimens are casted that allows you to locate the durability properties, ductility and flexural power? Durability properties are performed with the aid of checking out the specimens for sulphate and acid assaults. Whereas ductility and flexural energy is received from pressure-pressure curves. And acquired results are as compared to traditional concrete. Its miles been determined from this research is that, ductility, sturdiness and flexural electricity is higher for GFRC than traditional concrete.

scholarly journals Influence of Long Polypropylene Fibre on the Properties of Concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (02) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
Ashfaque Ahmed Jhatial ◽  
Aamir Khan Mastoi ◽  
Zafar Ali Siyal ◽  
Touqeer Ali Rind ◽  
Imtiaz Ahmed Memon
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Reinforce Concrete ◽  
Compressive Stresses ◽  
Steel Bar ◽  
Reinforcing Material ◽  
Mechanical Strengths ◽  
Fibre Fraction

Concrete is the most used building and construction material globally due to the ease of availability and durability. It is a well-known fact that concrete can easily withstand compressive stresses; however, it fails under tension. To improve this deficiency, steel bar reinforcement has been used. However, with the steel reinforcement, additional permanent self-weight is transferred on the structure and is prone to corrosion. Hence, engineers and researchers have been working to search for more sustainable reinforcing material that could be cost-effective and simultaneously increase tensile strength. This experimental work was carried out to study the influence of long (38.1 mm) polypropylene (PP) fibres on the workability and mechanical strengths (compressive and flexural) of concrete. Three different fibre fraction content, 0.20%, 0.25% and 0.30% were selected to reinforce concrete. A total of 12 cylinders of 300mm×150mm dimension (3 cylinders per mix) and 12 beams of 609.6mm×304.8mm×101.6mm dimension (3 beams per mix) were used to determine the compressive strength and flexural strength after the samples achieved 28 days curing. Based on the results, it can be observed that longer fibres do not significantly influence the compressive strength as much as they do on flexural strength. Furthermore, longer length fibres, like shorter fibres, obstruct the workability of concrete. Comparing with previous findings, it can be concluded that for patching of macrocracks, longer length PP fibres should be used.

scholarly journals Mechanical properties of papercrete

2018 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 02016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harith Zaki ◽  
Iqbal Gorgis ◽  
Shakir Salih
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Splitting Tensile Strength ◽  
Waste Paper ◽  
Additional Material ◽  
Sustainable Building

This paper studies the uses, of waste paper as an additional material in concrete mixes. Papercrete is a term as the name seems, to imply a mixture of paper and concrete. It is a new, composite material using waste paper, as a partial addition of Portland cement, and is a sustainable, building material due to, reduced amount of waste paper being put to use. It gains, latent strength due to presence of hydrogen bonds in microstructure of paper. Papercrete has been, reported to be a low cost alternative, building construction, material and has, good sound absorption, and thermal insulation; to be a lightweight and fire-resistant material. The percent of waste paper used (after treating) namely (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) by weight of cement to explore the mechanical properties of the mixes (compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, density), as compared with references mixes, it was found that fresh properties affected significantly by increasing the waste paper content. The compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength and density got decreased with increase in the percentage of paper.

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