scholarly journals Influence of Wind Direction on Fire Spread on the Exposed XPS insulation Wall

2020 ◽  
Vol 526 ◽  
pp. 012013
Author(s):  
Lanfang Zheng ◽  
Liang Zhou ◽  
Xiangtao Jia ◽  
Xiaokang Li
Keyword(s):  
Wind Direction ◽  
Fire Spread ◽  
Insulation Wall

scholarly journals Modeling Wind Direction Distributions Using a Diagnostic Model in the Context of Probabilistic Fire Spread Prediction

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael Quill ◽  
Jason J. Sharples ◽  
Natalie S. Wagenbrenner ◽  
Leesa A. Sidhu ◽  
Jason M. Forthofer
Keyword(s):  
Wind Direction ◽  
Fire Spread ◽  
Diagnostic Model

scholarly journals Firebrand Generation Rates at the Source for Trees and a Shrub

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sampath Adusumilli ◽  
James E. Chaplen ◽  
David L. Blunck
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Fire Spread ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Extrapolation Method ◽  
Source Terms ◽  
First Order

Source terms of the number of firebrands released as trees/shrubs torch are essential for helping to more accurately implement detailed physics-based models of wildfire propagation, particularly when torching occurs. A key challenge in estimating these source terms is the difficulty in measuring firebrand generation rates from the source. Typical studies have reported generation characteristics (firebrands/m2), but enumeration of the total number of firebrands released has remained elusive. Recently, a fire-resistant fabric was successfully employed to quantify “hot” firebrands (i.e., can potentially lead to further fire spread) generated during tree-scale burns. In this paper, a total of 71 tree/shrubs were burned to quantify hot firebrand production statistics for Douglas-fir, ponderosa pine, and sagebrush. A network of 65 fire-resistant fabric stations were deployed during the burns to measure the “hot” firebrands that are released. These stations are placed strategically at several radii and angles in the prominent wind direction. Using the number of firebrands determined from the fabric, a first-order extrapolation method was developed and evaluated to estimate the source terms (i.e., total number of hot firebrands released). Variation in the firebrand production with the height of the trees and for three species is reported. The total number of hot firebrands produced typically increased with the height of the tree/shrub burned as expected. The specific hot firebrand production (firebrands produced per kg dry mass burned) is exponentially dependent on the moisture content of the tree and had an inconclusive correlation with the height of the trees. Overall, for trees of comparable moisture content, sagebrush produced higher specific hot firebrands when compared to ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir species.

RATES OF SURFACE FIRE SPREAD IN A YOUNG CALABRIAN PINE (Pinus brutia Ten.) PLANTATION

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1475-1480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omer Kucuk ◽  
Ertugrul Bilgili ◽  
Serkan Bulut ◽  
Paulo M. Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Fire Spread ◽  
Surface Fire ◽  
Pinus Brutia ◽  
Calabrian Pine

scholarly journals The diurnal variation of wind direction at Calgary

Atmosphere ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richmond W. Longley
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Wind Direction

Wind Pressure and Wind-Induced Vibration of Heliostat

2008 ◽  
Vol 400-402 ◽  
pp. 935-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Ge Wang ◽  
Zheng Nong Li ◽  
Bo Gong ◽  
Qiu Sheng Li
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
Wind Load ◽  
Wind Pressure ◽  
Induced Response ◽  
Vertical Angle ◽  
Lateral Direction ◽  
Direction Angle ◽  
Wind Pressures ◽  
Fluctuating Wind

Heliostat is the key part of Solar Tower power station, which requires extremely high accuracy in use. But it’s sensitive to gust because of its light structure, so effect of wind load should be taken into account in design. Since structure of heliostat is unusual and different from common ones, experimental investigation on rigid heliostat model using technology of surface pressure mensuration to test 3-dimensional wind loads in wind tunnel was conducted. The paper illustrates distribution and characteristics of reflector’s mean and fluctuating wind pressure while wind direction angle varied from 0° to 180° and vertical angle varied from 0° to 90°. Moreover, a finite element model was constructed to perform calculation on wind-induced dynamic response. The results show that the wind load power spectral change rulers are influenced by longitudinal wind turbulence and vortex and are related with Strouhal number; the fluctuating wind pressures between face and back mainly appear positive correlation, and the correlation coefficients at longitudinal wind direction are smaller than those at lateral direction; the fluctuating wind pressures preferably agree with Gaussian distribution at smaller vertical angle and wind direction angle. The wind-induced response and its spectrums reveal that: when vertical angle is small, the background responsive values of reflector’s different parts are approximately similar; in addition, multi-phased resonant response occurring at the bottom. With the increase of , airflow separates at the near side and reunites at the other, as produces vortex which enhances dynamic response at the upper part.

scholarly journals Ignition Vulnerabilities of Combustibles around Houses to Firebrand Showers: Further Comparison of Experiments

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2136
Author(s):  
Sayaka Suzuki ◽  
Samuel L. Manzello
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Thermal Radiation ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Fire Spread ◽  
Significant Problem ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Similar Time ◽  
Comparison Of Experiments ◽  
Fire Front ◽  
Wui Fires

Wildland fires and wildland urban-interface (WUI) fires have become a significant problem in recent years. The mechanisms of home ignition in WUI fires are direct flame contact, thermal radiation, and firebrand attack. Out of these three fire spread factors, firebrands are considered to be a main driving force for rapid fire spread as firebrands can fly far from the fire front and ignite structures. The limited experimental data on firebrand showers limits the ability to design the next generation of communities to resist WUI fires to these types of exposures. The objective of this paper is to summarize, compare, and reconsider the results from previous experiments, to provide new data and insights to prevent home losses from firebrands in WUI fires. Comparison of different combustible materials around homes revealed that wood decking assemblies may be ignited within similar time to mulch under certain conditions.

scholarly journals Two Independent Light Dilution Corrections for the SO2 Camera Retrieve Comparable Emission Rates at Masaya Volcano, Nicaragua

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 935
Author(s):  
Matthew Varnam ◽  
Mike Burton ◽  
Ben Esse ◽  
Giuseppe Salerno ◽  
Ryunosuke Kazahaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Scattering ◽  
Optical Depth ◽  
Camera Calibration ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
Emission Rate ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Depth Images ◽  
Masaya Volcano ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Volcanic Emission

SO2 cameras are able to measure rapid changes in volcanic emission rate but require accurate calibrations and corrections to convert optical depth images into slant column densities. We conducted a test at Masaya volcano of two SO2 camera calibration approaches, calibration cells and co-located spectrometer, and corrected both calibrations for light dilution, a process caused by light scattering between the plume and camera. We demonstrate an advancement on the image-based correction that allows the retrieval of the scattering efficiency across a 2D area of an SO2 camera image. When appropriately corrected for the dilution, we show that our two calibration approaches produce final calculated emission rates that agree with simultaneously measured traverse flux data and each other but highlight that the observed distribution of gas within the image is different. We demonstrate that traverses and SO2 camera techniques, when used together, generate better plume speed estimates for traverses and improved knowledge of wind direction for the camera, producing more reliable emission rates. We suggest combining traverses and the SO2 camera should be adopted where possible.

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