scholarly journals Effects of rainfall and groundwater level on soil subsidence, water content, and yield of oil palm

2021 ◽  
Vol 771 (1) ◽  
pp. 012029
Author(s):  
Y A Adhi ◽  
H Mubarak ◽  
R Roland ◽  
P P Utama ◽  
N Tambusai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Soil Subsidence

scholarly journals FEATURES OF THE FORECAST OF THE DYNAMICS OF SPRING FLOW ON THE COASTAL ZONE OF IVANKOVO RESERVOIR

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 79-89
Author(s):  
E.E. Lapina ◽  
◽  
L.E. Lapina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Chronological Order ◽  
Arithmetic Average ◽  
Ivankovo Reservoir ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium

Ivankovo reservoir is the main source of drinking water supply in Moscow. Its coastal zone, where different types of springs are unloaded, is a barrier (or source) for the entry of pollutants into the reservoir. The aim of this research is to forecast increments in descending springs water flow and to evaluate trends of hydrochemical indicators (calcium, magnesium ions, hydrocarbonates and chlorine) of springs water quality over 13 years. The basis of the work are materials of regime observations on reference spring located on the Volga II floodplain terrace, for the period 2006-2018. When processing hydrochemical data in order to compare the results, two approaches were used. One is separation of data array into two groups in chronological order (2006-2012 and 2013- 2018), the other – is arrangement according to water content of the year, where the first group is the years of low and medium water content, the second is high. It is proposed to describe the relationship between amount of precipitation and increment of flow rate by an ordinary differential equation, which will allow to predict the flow rate of the downstream springs of the region using amount of precipitation in increments by the next six months. The obtained result was verified on groundwater level regime data for the well 3020, drilled on the II floodplain terrace, for the period 2001-2003. The maximum correlation coefficient between the increment of the groundwater level and the amount of precipitation is observed at a similar step. When analyzing the equation, the value of the amount of precipitation was obtained, which separates the mode of increasing or decreasing the flow rate of the spring (groundwater level). For the spring, this figure is 296, for the well – 316 mm. A statistical analysis of long-term dynamics of the spring runoff hydrochemical components showed that a median value is a more sensitive characteristic to changes in external conditions than an arithmetic average for hydrocarbonates and calcium. An upward direction shift of the median value of bicarbonates and calcium ions concentration in spring waters was revealed when using a nonparametric criterion. The long-term average gradient was 1 mg dm-3 year-1 for bicarbonates, and 0.17 mg dm-3 year-1 for calcium. The approaches used to divide the data into groups for calcium and magnesium give different estimates of trends, for hydrocarbons they were the same, for chlorides they are contradictory. Statistical analysis of the data, separated in chronological order, showed that for calcium and magnesium there was a significant upward trend, while with the approach for water availability of year no trends were found.

scholarly journals A RIPENESS STUDY OF OIL PALM FRESH FRUIT AT THE BUNCH DIFFERENT POSITIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Rismen Sinambela
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Fresh Fruit ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Fresh Fruit Bunch ◽  
Palm Fruit

The paper aims to study the position of the optimum oil palm ripeness at the bunch different positions. This information is essential to complete a measurement procedure to detect oil palm fresh fruit bunch (FFB) maturity so that the detection devices can directly measure the optimal mature position as a representative of the entire FFB characteristics. In this study, the oil palm FFB (Elaeis guineensis Jacq. var. tenera) with the various ripeness stages (4 until 22 weeks after anthesis) were collected and divided from three positions, i.e., proximal, central and distal. Moreover, each fruit in each of these positions was subjected to sample preparation to identify water and oil content. The water and oil content were completed based on the oven test method and the Soxhlet extraction technique, respectively. The optimum ripeness position is determined based on the lowest water content and the highest oil content. Based on the analysis, during the process of oil palm maturation occurs a decrease in water content and an increase in oil content. In addition, the average water content of palm fruit varies greatly depending on its position based on the analysis, i.e., proximal (45.38±5.62%), central (35.30±3.34%) and distal (41.98±2.57%). The average oil content of oil palm fruit in the central position is higher oil content (25.10±1.72%) compared to the proximal (10.00±0.77%) and distal position (13.77±1.22%). We suspect that the chemical content differences of palm fruit in various positions are due to the inequality of the respiration rate and ethylene production throughout FFB. In addition, overall it can be concluded that the fruit in the central FFB position has an optimal ripeness level compared to the proximal and distal position. Thus, the measurement position recommended in evaluating palm maturity is at the central position of FFB.

Cryopreservation of zygotic embryos and kernels of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Engelmann ◽  
N. Chabrillange ◽  
S. Dussert ◽  
Y. Duval
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis Jacq

AbstractIn the present study, the efficiency of two cryopreservation strategies for oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) was compared. If extracted from rehydrated kernels, 65% of the embryos desiccated to around 0.3 g H2O/g DW developed into plantlets after cryopreservation. In contrast, only 25% of embryos (0.12 g H2O/g DW) extracted from cryopreserved dry kernels developed into plantlets. However, this value was increased to 63% if kernels were partially rehydrated before freezing until the water content of embryos reached 0.3 g H2O/g DW. This study emphasizes the importance of partial rehydration of oil palm embryos before cryopreservation.

Influence of Variation of Groundwater Level on Deformation of Subgrade Based on Hydromechanical Coupling

2012 ◽  
Vol 457-458 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
Meng Ling Hu ◽  
Hai Lin Yao ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Zheng Lu
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Coupling Mechanism ◽  
Hydromechanical Coupling ◽  
Subgrade Soil ◽  
The Relationship

Deformation of subgrade caused by variation of groundwater level is a problem of hydromechanical coupling. The coupling mechanism of seepage and deformation of subgrade was analyzed, and a model of hydromechanical coupling was then established. The resilient modulus of the model is related to the water content and compactness of subgrade soil. The relationship between them was obtained based on laboratory tests, and was employed to research the influence of rise of groundwater level on resilient modulus and deformation of subgrade. The results showed that the rise of water level had great influence on resilient modulus of subgrade, and the deformation of subgrade can’t be neglected.

scholarly journals Sifat Fisik Dan Mekanik Papan Komposit Dari Serat Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) Hasil Penguraian Secara Mekanis Dengan Perekat Gambir

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Junaidi -
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Composite Board ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Oil Palm Industry

Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) are a solid waste product from the oil palm industry that are about 70% fiber. Previous research has indicated that this fiber can be used to produce composite board. Gambier can be used in an adhesive to produce these boards as it has strong adhesive properties. This research investigates the suitability of four types of OPEFB fiber resulting from different mechanical separation speeds and three adhesive made from differing concentrations of Gambier (12%, 14%, 16%) to produce high quality composite board. The results of the research suggest the type of the fiber and the concentration of the gambier used significantly influence the density of the resulting board and that there are interactions between these two variables. The water content of the board is significantly influenced by the type of OPEFB fibre but not by the concentration of gambier or any interaction between these variables. Thickness swelling, modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) are all influenced by type of fiber and concentration of gambier without any significant interaction between these two factors. The best types of fiber was those labeled A and B. The best performing composite board was produced from the longer B fibers and 16% gambier adhesive. This board a had density of 0.86 g/cm3, MOR 251.3 kg/cm2 and strength parallel to the grain of 145.6 kg/cm2. This data suggests that the density, water content and MOR of the boards made with this combination of material meets standard SNI 03-2105-2006 however the thickness swelling of the board fails this standard.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Cellulose Stearate Ester as Wet Strength Agent for Synthesis of Bio-polybag from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Eddy Kurniawan ◽  
Rizka Mulyawan ◽  
Angga Tri Agusna PA ◽  
Wika Armadani ◽  
Zainuddin Ginting
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Methyl Stearate ◽  
Wet Strength ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Wavenumber Region

Biodegradable polybags are an alternative to overcome the weakness of synthetic polybags because of their degradation properties. Oil palm empty fruit bunches contain a lot of cellulose so that they can be used as a biodegradable polybag. Wet Strength serves to increase the physical strength of bio-polybags when exposed to water (in wet conditions) so that water content stability is required. In this study, Cellulose Stearate Esters were synthesized in an effort to increase the stability of the water content in bio-polybags. Cellulose Stearate Esters are synthesized through a transesterification reaction between -Cellulose isolated from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) with methyl stearate. The synthesis of cellulose stearate esters was carried out by refluxing for 2 hours using methanol solvent with various catalysts Na2CO3 5, 10, 15, 20 mg and with volume variations of methyl stearate 5, 10, 15. And the best variation was determined based on the degree of substitution test, namely with variations Na2CO3 catalyst 20 mg and volume of methyl Stearate 15 ml, amounting to 1.95. The result of the synthesis, namely cellulose stearate, was tested for functional groups by FT-IR spectroscopy and surface morphology using SEM. The formation of cellulose stearate is supported by the FT-IR spectrum in the wavenumber region of 3468.01 cm-1 indicating an OH group, 3062.96 cm-1 indicating a CH stretching group, 1695.43 cm-1 indicating a C=O group, cm-1 indicating a CH bending group, 1095.57cm-1 indicates a COC group, 609.51cm-1 indicates a (CH2)n>4 group. The results of surface morphology analysis using SEM showed that the surface of cellulose stearate looked homogeneous, more regular and had denser cavities than -Cellulose

scholarly journals CO2 fluxes from drained tropical peatland used for oil palm plantation in relation to peat characteristics and crop age after planting

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
EVI GUSMAYANTI ◽  
GUSTI Z ANSHARI ◽  
MUHAMMAD PRAMULYA ◽  
AGUS RULIYANSYAH
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Co2 Fluxes ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation ◽  
Large Expansion ◽  
Peat Surface

Large expansion of oil palm plantation on peatland has changed its important role for carbon sink into a carbon source.  Conversion of peat swamp forest with high carbon density into a monoculture of oil palm has released the significant amount of carbon into atmosphere either carbon previously stored in forest biomass or carbon stored in peat organic matter.  Drainage canal to artificially lower groundwater level as a prerequisite of oil palm cultivation provides the favorable condition for soil microbes activities in decomposing peat organic matter resulted in CO2 flux increase.  The fluctuation of groundwater level and variation of environmental factors near the peat surface may regulate the rate of CO2 released from the soil.  We aimed to measure CO2 fluxes from two sites of oil palm plantation with different peat characteristics and analyzed the correlation with groundwater level, soil temperature, air temperature,  gravimetric water content, peat pH, oxidative reductive potential, and crop age.  The measurement has been conducted from September 2016 to April 2017 in West Kalimantan, Indonesia by using portable infrared gas analyzer EGM 4.  In addition to soil sampling at the same time as the gas measurement, we collected soil samples for some peat characteristics analysis consist of bulk density, particle density, porosity, soil organic matter, ash content, carbon, and nitrogen content prior to CO2 flux measurement.  Our result shows that the difference of peat chemical characteristics between two sites has resulted in different CO2 flux.  Oil palm ages seemed to affect CO2 flux by regulating microclimatic condition around crop canopy.  Another finding is the insignificant relationship between CO2 fluxes and groundwater level unless the groundwater level reached more than 50 cm from the peat surface.  It implies that maintaining groundwater level-up to 50 cm resulting in similar CO2 flux.

SIFAT FISIK MEKANIK PAPAN PARTIKEL TANPA PEREKAT DARI TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis Guineensis acq)

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Budi Tri Cahyana
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Particle Board ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches

This research aimed to get the physical and mechanical properties of non adhesive-particle board from oil palm empty fruit bunches. The oil palm empty fruit bunches were degradated to fibre and boiled in boiling water during 60 minute then dried in ± 2 weeks. The dried raw material was chopped to be fibre in 5 mesh, 10 mesh, and 16 mesh. It were complied into a mold and then hot pressed in 35 kgf/cm2 pressure during 10 minute with 3 of temperature variety, 160°C, 180°C and 200°C. The result showed that the average of particle board water content was 7,11 -  9,85 % and the density was 0,63 – 0,76 gr/cm3. The highest thickness swelling was 22,59 % in 10 mesh and 160 0C (a2b1) temperature of oil palm empty fruit bunches. The modulus of rupture was 211,67 kg/cm2  in 10 mesh and 180 0C (a2b2) temperature. The modulus of elasticity was 490,85 kg/cm2 in 10 mesh and 160 0C (a2b1) temperature. The tensile strength was 7,49 kg/cm2 in 5 mesh and 200 0C (a1b3) temperature. The average of physical and mechanical properties such as water content, density, modulus of rupture, tensile strength were fulfill the SNI requirement, while the average of thickness swelling and modulus of elasticity were not fulfill the SNI requirement.Keywords: oil palm empty fruit bunches, particle board

scholarly journals Rancang Bangun Monitoring Level Muka Air Tanah Di Perkebunan Lahan Gambut Menggunakan SMS Sebagai Pengirim Informasi Data Berbasis Mikrokontroler

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
I Wayan Eka Prastia ◽  
I Wayan Arta Wijaya ◽  
I Wayan Sukerayasa
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Water Level Data ◽  
Level Monitoring ◽  
Water Level Monitoring

The fires of peatlands on oil palm plantations are very vulnerable to occur in the dry season. Fires will arise due to a decrease in the surface of the water resulting in the top layer of peatland becoming dry. Manually monitoring ground level is very difficult. The solution is to make a remote water level monitoring prototype in order to be able to regulate irrigation on peat land and make the system open and close the irrigation door during the dry season and when the rainy season arrives. The design of groundwater level monitoring uses a program installed on the Arduino Uno microcontroller.Water level data is sent by prototype via GSM SIM 800L network, 8 level conditions that have been determined from a depth of 15 cm multiples of five so on to 55 cm. HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor is a detector for water level. Data can be accessed at any time via SMS by sending "Check" to the prototype. The results of the tests performed indicated that the tool can function in accordance with the design and send information as well as receive monitoring orders.

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