scholarly journals The role of iron and nickel smelters for the Indonesian steel industries

2021 ◽  
Vol 882 (1) ◽  
pp. 012076
Author(s):  
D Cahyaningtyas ◽  
T Suseno ◽  
S Rochani ◽  
B Yunianto ◽  
I Rodliyah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
National Development ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Trade Deficit ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Fe Content ◽  
Steel Industries

Abstract The iron and steel industries play a crucial role in supporting national development. The high dependence on imported raw materials causes Indonesia to suffer US $ 2.11 billion steel trade deficit per year. This study identifies the role of iron and nickel smelters in supporting the development of steel industries. The methodology used is descriptive statistics and regression models. Ferronickel and nickel pig iron as the primary raw materials for stainless steel have been produced in Indonesia, but only 23.05% and 47.77% are sold domestically. According to the linear regression models, it is expected that steel production and consumption will grow. Indonesia will become an independent steel producer and even export it by 2050. However, the supply chain is weak and poorly integrated as the local raw materials do not meet the domestic steel industry’s specifications. By 2050, 44 million tonnes of scrap, 19 million tonnes of sponge iron, 16 million tonnes of nickel, and 10 million tonnes of other raw materials will be needed annually. Hence, to reduce the national steel trade deficit, Indonesia must increase the smelters capacity and optimize local iron resources by increasing Fe content to meet the specifications of the national steel industry.

scholarly journals Face mask wearing rate predicts country’s COVID-19 death rates

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Miyazawa ◽  
Gen Kaneko
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Lasso Regression ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Regression Approach ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

AbstractIdentification of biomedical and socioeconomic predictors for the number of deaths by COVID-19 among countries will lead to the development of effective intervention. While previous multiple regression studies have identified several predictors, little is known for the effect of mask non-wearing rate on the number of COVID-19-related deaths possibly because the data is available for limited number of countries, which constricts the application of traditional multiple regression approach to screen a large number of potential predictors. In this study, we used the hypothesis-driven regression to test the effect of limited number of predictors based on the hypothesis that the mask non-wearing rate can predict the number of deaths to a large extent together with age and BMI, other relatively independent risk factors for hospitalized patients of COVID-19. The mask non-wearing rate, percentage of age ≥ 80 (male), and male BMI showed Spearman’s correlations up to about 0.8, 0.7, and 0.6 with the number of deaths per million from 22 countries from mid-March to mid-June, respectively. The observed number of deaths per million were significantly correlated with the numbers predicted by the lasso regression model including four predictors, age ≥ 80 (male), male BMI, and mask non-wearing rates from mid-March and late April to early May (Pearson’s coefficient = 0.918). The multiple linear regression models including the mask non-wearing rates, age, and obesity-related predictors explained up to 79% variation of the number of deaths per million. Furthermore, 56.8% of the variation of mask non-wearing rate in mid-March, the strongest predictor of the number of deaths per million, was predicted by age ≥ 80 (male) and male BMI, suggesting the confounding role of these predictors. Although further verification is needed to identify causes of the national differences in COVID-19 mortality rates, these results highlight the importance of the mask, age, and BMI in predicting the COVID-19-related deaths, providing a useful strategy for future regression analyses that attempt to contribute to the mechanistic understanding of COVID-19.

scholarly journals The Influence of Sitting, Standing, and Stepping Bouts on Cardiometabolic Health Markers in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Simone J.J.M. Verswijveren ◽  
Cormac Powell ◽  
Stephanie E. Chappel ◽  
Nicola D. Ridgers ◽  
Brian P. Carson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional

Aside from total time spent in physical activity behaviors, how time is accumulated is important for health. This study examined associations between sitting, standing, and stepping bouts, with cardiometabolic health markers in older adults. Participants from the Mitchelstown Cohort Rescreen Study (N = 221) provided cross-sectional data on activity behaviors (assessed via an activPAL3 Micro) and cardiometabolic health. Bouts of ≥10-, ≥30-, and ≥60-min sitting, standing, and stepping were calculated. Linear regression models were fitted to examine the associations between bouts and cardiometabolic health markers. Sitting (≥10, ≥30, and ≥60 min) and standing (≥10 and ≥30 min) bouts were detrimentally associated with body composition measures, lipid markers, and fasting glucose. The effect for time spent in ≥60-min sitting and ≥30-min standing bouts was larger than shorter bouts. Fragmenting sitting with bouts of stepping may be targeted to benefit cardiometabolic health. Further insights for the role of standing need to be elicited.

7. For all practical purposes: technologies of the elements

2004 ◽  
pp. 139-157
Author(s):  
Philip Ball
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Cold Fusion ◽  
Platinum Group Metals ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Semiconducting Properties ◽  
Computer Chips

‘For all practical purposes: technologies of the elements’ considers the variety that exists within the elements, and how they can be applied to our everyday lives. Iron and steel gave early armies the edge in battle, but the role of carbon in steel production was not understood until the eighteenth century. Silicon was used in glass for centuries, but its semiconducting properties make it the ideal substance for computer chips. The platinum group metals were unsuccessfully marketed as alternatives to silver, but now they are integral in catalytic converters. Palladium gained notoriety as a key ingredient of ‘cold fusion’, and rare earth metals are used in television screens.

The Saar Question as a European Problem From the Trade Union’s Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-42
Author(s):  
Severin CRAMM
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
German Industry ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Status ◽  
Regional Problem ◽  
Steel Industries

The Saar region did not immediately become part of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1949, but was gradually given the status of a semi-protectorate of France from 1947 onwards. The region's high-quality coal and the iron and steel industries were supposed both to help the reconstruction of France and to weaken German industry by being withdrawn of its control. The region was economically and politically closely tied to France; freedom of opinion and of the press for those who advocated annexation to the FRG were restricted. This happened at the same time when Franco- German reconciliation and the beginning of European integration were seen as a sign of a settlement between Germany and France. The Saar issue thus became a regional problem for European integration. In the absence of political opposition, the trade unions of the Saarland became the voice of the critical population and became victims of state persecution. The article highlights the role of the Saarland, German and international trade unions, which therefore proved to be important mediators in the conflict over the future of the Saar region.

Skipping breakfast and mood: The role of sleep

2021 ◽  
pp. 026010602098486
Author(s):  
Zon-Shuan Chang ◽  
Ali Boolani ◽  
Deirdre A. Conroy ◽  
Tom Dunietz ◽  
Erica C. Jansen
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Breakfast Skipping ◽  
Time Awake ◽  
Skipping Breakfast

Background: Breakfast skipping has been related to poor mood, but the role of sleep in this relationship remains unclear. Aim: To evaluate whether breakfast skipping associated with mood independently of sleep, and whether sleep interacted with breakfast skipping. Methods: During an in-person research visit, a sample of 329 adults completed questionnaires regarding last night’s sleep, current morning breakfast intake, and mid-morning mood states. Sex-stratified linear regression models examined associations between breakfast skipping and mood and interactions with sleep. Results: Among males, those who did not consume breakfast had less vigor independent of sleep (β=−2.72 with 95% CI −4.91, −0.53). Among females, those who did not consume breakfast had higher feelings of anxiety (β=1.21 with 95% CI −0.04, 2.47). Interaction analyses revealed that males with longer time to fall asleep and longer night-time awake time had higher depression scores in the presence of breakfast skipping, and females with more night-time awake time and shorter duration had higher fatigue and less vigor if they were also breakfast skippers. Conclusion: Breakfast skipping and poor sleep may jointly affect mood.

scholarly journals Extraction of the Rare Element Vanadium from Vanadium-Containing Materials by Chlorination Method: A Critical Review

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1301
Author(s):  
Shiyuan Liu ◽  
Weihua Xue ◽  
Lijun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Vanadium Slag ◽  
Rare Element ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Spent Catalysts ◽  
Iron And Steel Production ◽  
Titanium Magnetite

Vanadium as a rare element has a wide range of applications in iron and steel production, vanadium flow batteries, catalysts, etc. In 2018, the world’s total vanadium output calculated in the form of metal vanadium was 91,844 t. The raw materials for the production of vanadium products mainly include vanadium-titanium magnetite, vanadium slag, stone coal, petroleum coke, fly ash, and spent catalysts, etc. Chlorinated metallurgy has a wide range of applications in the treatment of ore, slag, solid wastes, etc. Chlorinating agent plays an important role in chlorination metallurgy, which is divided into solid (NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, AlCl3, FeCl2, FeCl3, MgCl2, NH4Cl, NaClO, and NaClO3) and gas (Cl2, HCl, and CCl4). The chlorination of vanadium oxides (V2O3 and V2O5) by different chlorinating agents was investigated from the thermodynamics. Meanwhile, this paper summarizes the research progress of chlorination in the treatment of vanadium-containing materials. This paper has important reference significance for further adopting the chlorination method to treat vanadium-containing raw materials.

scholarly journals Non-Linear Regression Modelling to Estimate the Global Warming Potential of a Newspaper

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 590
Author(s):  
Alexis Lozano ◽  
Pedro Cabrera ◽  
Ana M. Blanco-Marigorta
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
The Impact

Technological innovations are not enough by themselves to achieve social and environmental sustainability in companies. Sustainable development aims to determine the environmental impact of a product and the hidden price of products and services through the concept of radical transparency. This means that companies should show and disclose the impact on the environment of any good or service. This way, the consumer can choose in a transparent manner, not only for the price. The use of the eco-label as a European eco-label, which bases its criteria on life cycle assessment, could provide an indicator of corporate social responsibility for a given product. However, it does not give a full guarantee that the product was obtained in a sustainable manner. The aim of this work is to provide a way of calculating the value of the environmental impacts of an industrial product, under different operating conditions, so that each company can provide detailed information on the impacts of its products, information that can form part of its "green product sheet". As a case study, the daily production of a newspaper, printed by coldset, has been chosen. Each process involved in production was configured with raw material and energy consumption information from production plants, manufacturer data and existing databases. Four non-linear regression models have been trained to estimate the impact of a newspaper’s circulation from five input variables (pages, grammage, height, paper type, and print run) with 5508 data samples each. These non-linear regression models were trained using the Levenberg–Marquardt nonlinear least squares algorithm. The mean absolute percentage errors (MAPE) obtained by all the non-linear regression models tested were less than 5%. Through the proposed correlations, it is possible to obtain a score that reports on the impact of the product for different operating conditions and several types of raw materials. Ecolabelling can be further developed by incorporating a scoring system for the impact caused by the product or process, using a standardised impact methodology.

scholarly journals SELF-RATED HEALTH AS A PREDICTOR OF DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY IN OLDER ADULT INMATES

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S166-S166
Author(s):  
Carlyn E Vogel ◽  
Lisa C Barry
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Correctional Facilities ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Older Inmates

Abstract Inmates age ≥50 years (older inmates) are a rapidly growing population within the U.S. correctional system with the highest suicide rate among adult prisoners. Although depression and anxiety are strong precursors of subsequent suicide, little is known regarding factors associated with these outcomes in older inmates. To inform suicide prevention efforts in this high-risk population, we evaluated the role of older inmates’ self-rated health (SRH) in relation to depression and anxiety. We utilized data from the ongoing Aging Inmates Suicidal Ideation and Depression study (Aging INSIDE). Participants (N=175) included men age ≥50 (M=56.5, SD=6.3, range=50-79 years) from eight correctional facilities in Connecticut who completed face-to-face interviews. The outcomes, depression and anxiety, were assessed using the PHQ-9 (range 0-27) and GAD-7 (range 0-21); higher scores on each scale indicated worsening severity. SRH, operationalized as a pseudo-continuous variable (1=excellent; 5=Poor), was correlated with depression (r=0.379; p <.001) and anxiety (r=0.260; p =.001) in unadjusted analyses. Two linear regression models were conducted to determine if SRH was associated with depression and/or anxiety after controlling for age, race (white versus non-white), years of education, visitors (yes versus no), and number of chronic conditions. Increasingly worse SRH was significantly associated with more depressive symptoms (β=1.92, SE=.43, p <.001) and higher anxiety scores (β=1.41, SE=.41, p=.001). SRH explained 10.0% and 6.2% of the variance in depression and anxiety scores, respectively. SRH may be useful for identifying older inmates who are more likely to have depression or anxiety, and thus may be at higher risk for suicide.

scholarly journals Updated atmospheric mercury emissions from iron and steel production in China during 2000–2015

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingru Wu ◽  
Wei Gao ◽  
Shuxiao Wang ◽  
Jiming Hao
Keyword(s):  
Technology Development ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Coke Oven ◽  
Atmospheric Mercury ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Steel Scrap ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Iron And Steel Production

Abstract. Iron and steel production (ISP) is one of the significant atmospheric Hg emission sources in China. Atmospheric mercury (Hg) emissions from ISP during 2000–2015 were estimated by using a technology-based emission factor method. To support the application of this method, databases of Hg concentrations in raw materials, technology development trends, and Hg removal efficiencies of air pollution control devices (APCDs) were constructed through national sampling and literature review. Hg input to ISP increased from 21.6 t in 2000 to 94.5 t in 2015. In the various types of raw materials, coking coal and iron concentrates contributed 41 %–55 % and 22 %–30 % of the total Hg input. Atmospheric Hg emissions from ISP increased from 11.5 t in 2000 to 32.7 t in 2015 with the peak of 35.6 t in 2013. During the study period, although sinter/pellet plant and blast furnace were the largest two emission processes, emissions from roasting plant and coke oven accounted for 22 %–34 % of ISP’s emissions, which indicated that attention should also be paid on the emissions from these processes when estimating ISP’s emissions. Overall Hg speciation shifted from 50/44/6 (gaseous elemental Hg (Hg0)/gaseous oxidized Hg (HgII)/particulate-bound Hg (Hgp)) in 2000 to 40/59/1 in 2015, which indicated higher proportion of Hg deposition around the emission points. In the coming years, emissions from ISP are expected to decrease due to the projection of decreasing steel productions, increasing energy consumption efficiency, and improvement of APCDs. With the coming of high-yield-period of steel scrap production, the increasing application proportion of short process steel making method will not only reduce Hg emissions, but also increase the emission proportion of Hg0.

Sitting Time, Physical Activity, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness: Cooper Center Longitudinal Study Cohort

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn E. Barlow ◽  
Kerem Shuval ◽  
Bijal A. Balasubramanian ◽  
Darla E. Kendzor ◽  
Kelley Pettee Gabriel
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prolonged Sitting

Background:Prolonged sitting time is associated with numerous health outcomes; however, the role of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in these relationships is largely unexplored. The cross-sectional association between reported sitting time and measured CRF was examined in a large study of healthy men and women.Methods:The analytic sample included 4658 men and 1737 women enrolled in the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study. Unadjusted and adjusted multivariable linear regression models were constructed to examine the association between sitting time and CRF, stratified by sex and meeting (or not) meeting physical activity (PA) guidelines.Results:In men, CRF was not associated with sitting time after adjustment for potential confounders. In contrast, for women, after adjustment there was a significant association between increased sitting time and lower CRF (P for trend <.001). When stratified by meeting or not meeting PA guidelines, there was no association between sitting time and CRF in men. In women, this relationship was statistically significant regardless of PA category (both P for trend < .05).Conclusions:These results suggest that the association between sitting time and CRF varies by sex. Further, meeting PA guidelines does not appear to modify this relation in either sex.

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