scholarly journals Fungal diversity inhabiting tissues of ebony (Diospyros celebica Bakh.) in urban forest

2021 ◽  
Vol 886 (1) ◽  
pp. 012031
Author(s):  
Mukrimin Mukrimin ◽  
Nurul Musdalifah ◽  
Siti Halimah Larekeng ◽  
Sultan Sultan ◽  
Margaretta Christita
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Urban Forestry ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Fungal Identification ◽  
Eukaryotic Organisms ◽  
Central Sulawesi

Abstract Eboni (Diospyros celebica Bakh.) is an endemic tree species of Sulawesi Island including Central Sulawesi, West Sulawesi and South Sulawesi. This species is also called fancy wood; its color is black-striped reddish brown, beautiful, and luxurious. In addition, tree growth is influenced by microbes, including fungi. Fungi are heterotrophic and eukaryotic organisms absorbing organic compounds from other organisms. The study aimed to identify ebony-associated fungi in Urban Forestry at the Tamalanrea Campus, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia. This study consisted of the isolation stage both direct and dilution methods, the rejuvenation stage, and fungal identification. The study result indicated that there were 60 fungal isolates isolated from the ebony tree tissues, while 19 fungal isolates were isolated on the soil under the ebony stands. The direct isolation-based method was higher in term of number of fungal isolates than the dilution-based method. The isolated fungi belonged to the seven genera, namely Aspergillus, Penicillium, Gliocladium, Trichoderma, Fusarium, Rhizopus, and Phytophthora. Aspergillus and Penicillium was genera dominated both in tree tissues and in the soil under ebony stands.

scholarly journals Beijing Resident’s Preferences of Ecosystem Services of Urban Forests

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Han Zhi-Ying ◽  
Youn Yeo-Chang
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Urban Forestry ◽  
Urban Forests ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Quality Regulation ◽  
Water Provision ◽  
Air Quality Regulation

This paper aims to investigate the Beijing resident’s preferences over various options of urban forest management strategies. The literature investigation and expert Delphi method were conducted to classify the ecosystem services of urban forests into six categories: (1) fresh water provision, (2) noise reduction, (3) moderation of extreme events, (4) air quality regulation, (5) species diversity and wildlife habitat, and (6) recreation and spiritual experience. To elicit the relative preferences to ecosystem service (hereafter referred to as ES) of Beijing residents, we employed the choice experiment method. The data were collected by interviews with questionnaires conducted in October 2017, and a total of 483 valid questionnaires were analyzed. The subjects of this experiment were residents older than 19 years old who have lived in Beijing for more than 1 year and have visited any one of the urban forests located in Beijing more than once during 2016. The results were as follows: Firstly, the air quality regulation ES was considered as the most important service for Beijing residents in terms of their choices of urban forest. In addition, Beijing residents regarded the fresh water provision ES as the second most important ES. Beijing residents were willing to pay up to 1.84% of the average monthly income of Chinese households annually to expand urban forest ecosystems in order to improve air quality. Secondly, apartment owners were willing to pay more municipality tax for forest ESs than residents who did not own an apartment. Thirdly, residents were more willing to pay for urban forest ESs as their income increases. The results indicated that Beijing residents were willing to pay more tax in support of urban forestry for air quality improvement. This research suggests that urban environmental policy makers in Beijing should pay more attention to the regulation function of forests (especially improving air quality) when designing and managing urban forests.

scholarly journals Structure, Diversity, and Carbon Stocks of the Tree Community of Kumasi, Ghana

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertrand Nero ◽  
Daniel Callo-Concha ◽  
Manfred Denich
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Urban Forestry ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Structure Diversity

Urban forestry has the potential to address many urban environmental and sustainability challenges. Yet in Africa, urban forest characterization and its potential to contribute to human wellbeing are often neglected or restrained. This paper describes the structure, diversity, and composition of an urban forest and its potential to store carbon as a means of climate change mitigation and adaptation in Kumasi. The vegetation inventory included a survey of 470,100-m2 plots based on a stratified random sampling technique and six streets ranging from 50 m to 1 km. A total of 3757 trees, comprising 176 species and 46 families, were enumerated. Tree abundance and species richness were left skewed and unimodally distributed based on diameter at breast height (DBH). Trees in the diameter classes >60 cm together had the lowest species richness (17%) and abundance (9%), yet contributed more than 50% of the total carbon stored in trees within the city. Overall, about 1.2 million tonnes of carbon is captured in aboveground components of trees in Kumasi, with a mean of 228 t C ha−1. Tree density, DBH, height, basal area, aboveground carbon storage, and species richness were significantly different among green spaces (p < 0.05). The diversity was also significantly different among urban zones (p < 0.0005). The DBH distribution of trees followed a modified reverse J-shaped model. The urban forest structure and composition is quite unique. The practice of urban forestry has the potential to conserve biological diversity and combat climate change. The introduction of policies and actions to support the expansion of urban forest cover and diversity is widely encouraged.

scholarly journals Urban rent control: a decision support tool for the optimal resources allocation between urban forest projects

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 77-90
Author(s):  
Maria Rosaria Guarini ◽  
Antonio Nesticò ◽  
Pierluigi Morano ◽  
Francesco Sica
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Urban Forestry ◽  
Multicriteria Analysis ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
Rent Control ◽  
City Development ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
The One

Green areas in urban agglomerations are strategic resource for the sustainable city development. The implementation of Urban Forestry Projects (UFP) allows on the one hand to raise the environmental quality level, improving the microclimate and preserving biodiversity, on the other hand to promote urban regeneration and promote socio-economic development by creating eco-systemic s er vices for the population. The result is a more rational land use and an increase in real estate values. Although the EU Directives show the need to promote the sustainable territory growth through the recover y and redevelopment of the built environment, the implementation of investments based on eco-system logic is rarely counted as a priority action for the city, often preferring a different allocation of available resources. The present work aims first to define an indicators set useful to express the value components – financial, social, cultural and ecological- environmental – for the UFP. These indicator s are the reference terms for the characterization of an innovative protocol of multicriteria analysis for the public operator who wants to establish the optimal distribution of funds between UFP units in limited areas of the urban fabric. The protocol uses the algorithms of mathematical programming and is tested on a case study about urban areas to be redeveloped.

City of Forests

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay K. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Urban Forestry ◽  
Private Land ◽  
Organizational Governance ◽  
Public Identity ◽  
The Public ◽  
Hybrid Governance ◽  
New Guidelines

Chapter three describes the heart of the MillionTreesNYC campaign: planting one million trees. It focuses on the organizational, governance, and material arrangements involved in transforming the city’s urban forest. A formal public-private partnership was created to run the campaign, an example of truly hybrid governance at work. The prominence and scale of the initiative led to major organizational changes in the two core partners. They both garnered and expended massive amounts of financial and human resources in the planting of a million trees. Counting the number of trees planted was central to the public identity and internal functioning of the campaign. The conduct of urban forestry in New York City was radically altered by the MillionTreesNYC campaign. New guidelines, routines, and procedures were developed to alter the practice of urban forestry on streets, in parks, in “natural areas,” on public housing grounds, and on private land.

Interface Urban Forest Management in an Urbanizing Landscape

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria A. Cunha-e-Sá ◽  
Sofia F. Franco
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Urban Forestry ◽  
Comparative Statics ◽  
Forest Conversion ◽  
Timber Production ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Clear Cutting

Although forests located near urban areas are a small fraction of the forest cover, a good understanding of the extent to which —wildland-urban interface (WUI) forest conversion affects local economies and environmental services can help policy-makers harmonize urban development and environmental preservation at this interface, with positive impact on the welfare of local communities. A growing part of the forest resource worldwide has come under urban influence, both directly (i.e., becoming incorporated into the interface or located at the interface with urban areas) and indirectly (as urban uses and values have come to dominate more remote forest areas). Yet forestry has been rather hesitant to recognize its urban mandate. Even if the decision to convert land at the WUI (agriculture, fruit, timber, or rural use) into an alternative use (residential and commercial development) is conditional on the relative magnitude and timing of the returns of alternative land uses, urban forestry is still firmly rooted in the same basic concepts of traditional forestry. This in turn neglects features characterizing this type of forestland, such as the urban influences from increasingly land-consumptive development patterns. Moreover, interface timber production-allocated land provides public goods that otherwise would be permanently lost if land were converted to an irreversible use. Any framework discussing WUI optimal rotation periods and conversion dates should then incorporate the urban dimension in the forester problem. It must reflect the factors that influence both urban and forestry uses and account for the fact that some types of land use conversion are irreversible. The goal is to present a framework that serves as a first step in explaining the trends in the use and management of private land for timber production in an urbanizing environment. Our framework integrates different land uses to understand two questions: given that most of the WUI land use change is irreversible and forestry at this interface differs from classic forestry, how does urban forestry build upon and benefit from traditional forestry concepts and approaches? In particular, what are the implications for the Faustmann harvesting strategy when conversion to an irreversible land use occurs at some point in the future? The article begins with a short background on the worldwide trend of forestland conversion at the WUI, focusing mostly on the case of developed countries. This provides a context for the theoretical framework used in the subsequent analysis of how urban factors affect regeneration and conversion dates. The article further reviews theoretical models of forest management practices that have considered either land sale following clear-cutting or a switch to a more profitable alternative land use without selling the land. A brief discussion on the studies with a generalization of the classic Faustmann formula for land expectation value is also included. For completeness, comparative statics results and a numerical illustration of the main findings from the private landowner framework are included.

scholarly journals Urban Trees and Human Health: A Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen L. Wolf ◽  
Sharon T. Lam ◽  
Jennifer K. McKeen ◽  
Gregory R.A. Richardson ◽  
Matilda van den Bosch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Urban Forestry ◽  
Urban Trees ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Future Research

The urban forest is a green infrastructure system that delivers multiple environmental, economic, social and health services, and functions in cities. Environmental benefits of urban trees are well understood, but no review to date has examined how urban trees affect human health. This review provides a comprehensive summary of existing literature on the health impacts of urban trees that can inform future research, policy, and nature-based public health interventions. A systematic search used keywords representing human health, environmental health, and urban forestry. Following screening and appraisal of several thousand articles, 201 studies were conceptually sorted into a three-part framework. Reducing Harm, representing 41% of studies, includes topics such as air pollution, ultraviolet radiation, heat exposure, and pollen. Restoring Capacities, at 31%, includes attention restoration, mental health, stress reduction, and clinical outcomes. Building Capacities, at 28%, includes topics such as birth outcomes, active living, and weight status. The studies that were reviewed show substantial heterogeneity in purpose and method yet indicate important health outcomes associated with people’s exposure to trees. This review will help inform future research and practice, and demonstrates why urban forest planning and management should strategically promote trees as a social determinant of public health.

scholarly journals Tree Species Diversity and Socioeconomic Perspectives of the Urban (Food) Forest of Accra, Ghana

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertrand Nero ◽  
Nana Kwapong ◽  
Raymond Jatta ◽  
Oluwole Fatunbi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Food System ◽  
Food Policy ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Urban Forestry ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
The City

Urban and peri-urban forestry has emerged as a complementary measure to contribute towards eliminating urban hunger and improved nutritional security. However, there is scanty knowledge about the composition, diversity, and socioeconomic contributions of urban food trees in African cities. This paper examines the diversity and composition of the urban forest and food trees of Accra and sheds light on perceptions of urbanites regarding food tree cultivation and availability in the city. Using a mixed methods approach, 105 respondents in six neighborhoods of Accra were interviewed while over 200 plots (100-m2 each) were surveyed across five land use types. Twenty-two out of the 70 woody species in Accra have edible parts (leaves, fruits, flowers, etc.). The food-tree abundance in the city is about half of the total number of trees enumerated. The species richness and abundance of the food trees and all trees in the city were significantly different among land use types (p < 0.0001) and neighborhood types (p < 0.0001). The diversity of food-bearing tree species was much higher in the poorer neighborhoods than in the wealthier neighborhoods. Respondents in wealthier neighborhoods indicated that tree and food-tree cover of the city was generally low and showed greater interest in cultivating food (fruit) trees and expanding urban forest cover than poorer neighborhoods. These findings demonstrate the need for urban food policy reforms that integrate urban-grown tree foods in the urban food system/culture.

scholarly journals Strategic planning in urban forestry: A 21st century paradigm shift for small town Canada

2000 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. E. van Wassenaer ◽  
L. Schaeffer ◽  
W. A. Kenney
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Urban Forestry ◽  
Ecosystem Approach ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Urban Forest Management

The pressures created by urban sprawl are leading to a reduction in forested land in Canada and North America. Poorly controlled land-use planning contributes to the haphazard urbanization of many small communities within commuting distance of major urban centres. Urban forests are largely ignored as an asset and the potential benefits they can offer to communities are often not acknowledged in the planning process. Relatively few communities across Canada have any form of urban forest management. A new definition of the urban forest is proposed that recognizes the need for an ecosystem approach to urban forest management and the integral role that humans play in that ecosystem. To facilitate the implementation of urban forest management plans in small communities, a simple strategic planning framework is presented. Using this approach, many small towns can maintain their rural character and benefit from a wealth of environmental, social and economic benefits. Key words: urban forestry, community planning, forest benefits, strategic planning, ecosystem approach, forest fragmentation

scholarly journals Stabilitas Hasil Jagung Varietas Hibrida Harapan Umur Genjah

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Slamet Bambang Priyanto ◽  
R. Nenny Iriani ◽  
Andi Takdir M.
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Small Variation ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Central Sulawesi

Maize yield represents the interaction between genotype and environment. An excellent genotype should have high mean yield and small variation across common locations.This information could be obtained through yield performance test and stability analysis of yield data obtained from multilocation trials. This research was aimed to find out yield stability of eight early maturing maize promising lines at five sites using the AMMI method. There were total 12 genotypes of maize hybrids used in this research, consisted of eight hybrids (CH-1, CH-2, CH-3, CH-4, CH-5, CH-6, CH-7, and CH-8) and four check varieties (Gumarang, Bima 3, AS-1, and Bisi 2). This research was conducted at five locations ie. Gowa (South Sulawesi), Donggala (Central Sulawesi), Manado (North Sulawesi), Probolinggo (East Java) and Lombok Barat (West Nusa Tenggara) from April to September 2013. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications. Variable measured was grain yield at all trial locations. Analysis of variance was performed for each site data to determine the performance of each genotype at each location. Results showed that genotype CH-2, CH-4 and CH-6 were considered as stable genotypes. Genotype CH-2 and CH-4 have a potensial to be released as new early maturing variety, due to its high yield of 8.71 and 7.52 t/ha averaged over 5 locations. Genotype CH-6 yielded below the mean yield of all genotypes, while genotype CH-8 was adaptive to a specific location, such as in Donggala, with yield of 8.38 t/ha.

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