scholarly journals Effect of using different levels of cassava meal in a concentrate cassava peel diet on chemical composition, in vitro gas production, and rumen fermentation

2021 ◽  
Vol 888 (1) ◽  
pp. 012053
Author(s):  
A D Saputra ◽  
Kusmartono ◽  
Mashudi ◽  
P H Ndaru
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Cassava Leaves ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Cassava Peel ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract This study was designed to evaluate effects of using different levels of cassava meal in a concentrate cassava peel diet on chemical composition, in vitro gas production (IVGP) and rumen fermentation. The treatments applied were: A=cassava peel (20%)+ cassava meal (70%)+cassava leaves (5%)+moringa leaves (5%); B=cassava peel (20%)+ cassava meal (60%)+cassava leaves (10%)+moringa leaves (10%); C=cassava peel (20%)+ cassava meal (50%)+cassava leaves (15%)+moringa leaves (15%) cassava meal; D=cassava peel (20%)+ cassava meal (40%)+cassava leaves (20%)+moringa leaves (20%); E=cassava peel (20%)+ cassava meal (30%)+cassava leaves (25%)+moringa leaves (25%) with 3 replications arranged in a Randomized Block Design (RBD). The result showed that the increasing levels of cassava meal in the ration significantly increased organic matter (OM) and nitrogen-free extract (NFE) content (P<0.05), but reduced crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude fiber (CF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents. Similarly, a significant increased (P<0.01) were found in values of cumulative in vitro gas production, dry matter and organic matter digestibility, but decreased NH3 concentration (P<0.05) due to the increased of cassava meal. It is concluded that increasing levels of cassava meal in concentrate has led to higher OM content of the ration and being available for rumen fermentation.

scholarly journals Effect of Eucalyptus globulus leaves extracts on in vitro rumen fermentation, methanogenesis, degradability and protozoa population

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 753-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amina Boussaada ◽  
Rabah Arhab ◽  
Serena Calabrò ◽  
Raffaella Grazioli ◽  
Maria Ferrara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production

Abstract The aim of the research was to evaluate the effect of three Eucalyptus globulus extracts rich in phenolic compounds, especially flavonoids, on rumen fermentation, methane (CH4) production, organic matter degradability and protozoa population using an in vitro gas production technique. Four concentrations (0, 50, 75 and 100 mg) of three Eucalyptus extracts (ethyl acetate, n-butanol and aqueous) were added to a diet of ruminants (forage: concentrate ratio 60:40) and incubated at 39°C under anaerobiosis with buffered rumen fluid. After 24 h, the fermentation fluid was analysed for ammonia-N and volatile fatty acids (VFA). Organic matter degradability (OMD) and protozoa were also determined; in vitro gas production was also recorded and CH4 concentration was measured. Compared to the control, CH4 production was significantly lower for ethyl acetate extract (P<0.05), but higher for n-butanol and aqueous extracts. Production of ammonia- N was lower in all Eucalyptus extracts (P<0.05). Propionate production (P<0.05) increased for ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts, whereas no effect was registered for VFA, for all Eucalyptus extracts. Ethyl acetate extract decreased in vitro OMD (P<0.05), whereas n-butanol and aqueous extracts were comparable to the control. Protozoa population decreased (P<0.05) for all extracts in comparison with the control. Eucalyptus ethyl acetate extract might be promising to be used as a potent anti-methanogenic additive. Moreover, the assessment of the right dosage seems to be important to decrease methane production, without reducing feed nutritional value.

scholarly journals Nutritional Quality and In Vitro Rumen Fermentation Characteristics of Silage Prepared with Lucerne, Sweet Maize Stalk, and Their Mixtures

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1205
Author(s):  
Musen Wang ◽  
Fujin Zhang ◽  
Xinxin Zhang ◽  
Ying Yun ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

The objective of this work was to evaluate the pH, chemical composition, minerals, vitamins, and in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics of silage prepared with lucerne, sweet maize stalk (MS), and their mixtures. Freshly chopped lucerne and MS were combined in ratios of 100:0 (M0, control), 80:20 (M20), 60:40 (M40), 40:60 (M60), 20:80 (M80), and 0:100 (M100) on a fresh matter basis. Each treatment was prepared in triplicate, and a total of eighteen silos were fermented for 65 days. After 65 days of fermentation, the pH values in M0, M20, M40, M60, M80, and M100 silages were 5.47, 4.84, 4.23, 4.13, 3.79, and 3.61, respectively. As the MS proportion in the mixtures increased, silage K, Ca, P, Na, Fe, and Cu concentrations linearly decreased (p < 0.001) and so did vitamins B5 and K1 and α-tocopherol. In vitro rumen dry matter and organic matter degradability, pH, ammonia, total volatile fatty acid, and gas production linearly decreased (p < 0.01), while neutral detergent fiber concentration linearly increased (p < 0.001), with increasing proportion of MS. The in vitro dry matter and organic matter degradability rapidly decreased when the MS percentage was ≥60%. In conclusion, the M40 silage is the most suitable for livestock utilization in local forage production considering the balance of silage pH, nutritional quality, and in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics.

scholarly journals Can ruminal inoculum from slaughtered cattle replace inoculum from cannulated cattle for feed evaluation research?

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 2133
Author(s):  
Henry Daniel Ruiz Alba ◽  
Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira ◽  
Silvana Teixeira de Carvalho ◽  
Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo ◽  
Ossival Lolato Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Research ◽  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Different Levels

The objective was to test the hypothesis that ruminal inoculum obtained from slaughtered cattle can replace inoculum from cannulated cattle in trials evaluating animal feedstuffs through in vitro gas production and digestibility. Five adult Holstein × Zebu steers with ruminal cannula were used to collect and compare rumen liquid from in vivo and slaughtered animals. In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility (IVNDFD) and ammoniacal nitrogen concentrations did not differ between inoculum sources (slaughtered × cannulated) for all byproducts and levels tested. Total in vitro gas production in the ruminal inoculum of cannulated animals was greater (P < 0.001) than slaughtered cattle for different levels of licuri cake. However, the greatest total concentrations of in vitro gases for slaughtered animals were observed when evaluating different levels of crude glycerin (P < 0.001). No differences were observed for diets containing castor bean meal (P >0.05). Thus, the ruminal inoculum obtained from the ruminal contents of slaughtered cattle can replace the use of fistulated animals and is a viable alternative to digestibility analysis. This approach is ethically more correct because it alleviates the suffering of animals by avoiding an invasive procedure.

scholarly journals Effect of vitex agnus-castus on sheep rumen fluids using an in vitro gas production method

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibel S Önenç
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Agnus Castus ◽  
Sheep Rumen ◽  
Different Levels

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of Vitex agnus-castus (VAC) on in vitro gas production (GP), organic matter digestibility (OMD) and net energy lactation (NEL) using an in vitro gas-production method. Two rumen-fistulated sheep were used in the experiment. The sheep were fed 60% alfalfa hay and 40% concentrate feed twice daily. Five different levels of VAC were added to the concentrate (CON) to produce 200 mg DM (CON - without VAC; 1 - 2 mg VAC+198 mg CON; 2 - 4 mg VAC+196 mg CON; 3 - 6 mg VAC+194 mg CON; 4 - 8 mg VAC+192 mg CON; 5 - 10 mg VAC+190 mg CON). The volume of gas produced was recorded at 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h after incubation. The results showed GP, OMD and NEL contents with no significant changes even as the level of VAC were added to the CON. VAC groups affected the rapidly degraded fractions; however, did not affect the slowly degraded fractions.

scholarly journals Effect of vitex agnus-castus on sheep rumen fluids using an in vitro gas production method

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibel S Önenç
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Agnus Castus ◽  
Sheep Rumen ◽  
Different Levels

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of Vitex agnus-castus (VAC) on in vitro gas production (GP), organic matter digestibility (OMD) and net energy lactation (NEL) using an in vitro gas-production method. Two rumen-fistulated sheep were used in the experiment. The sheep were fed 60% alfalfa hay and 40% concentrate feed twice daily. Five different levels of VAC were added to the concentrate (CON) to produce 200 mg DM (CON - without VAC; 1 - 2 mg VAC+198 mg CON; 2 - 4 mg VAC+196 mg CON; 3 - 6 mg VAC+194 mg CON; 4 - 8 mg VAC+192 mg CON; 5 - 10 mg VAC+190 mg CON). The volume of gas produced was recorded at 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h after incubation. The results showed GP, OMD and NEL contents with no significant changes even as the level of VAC were added to the CON. VAC groups affected the rapidly degraded fractions; however, did not affect the slowly degraded fractions.

scholarly journals 19. Improving the Prediction of Methane Production Determined by in Vitro Gas Production Technique for Ruminants

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 565-584
Author(s):  
Chung-Nan Chen ◽  
Tzu-Tai Lee ◽  
Bi Yu
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Production Technique ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
True Digestibility ◽  
Protein Rich

Abstract Twelve feedstuffs (cereals, fibrous byproducts, protein-rich byproducts and forages) were determined for methane (CH4) production by the in vitro gas production technique (IVGPT) and were correlated with their chemical compositions to predict enteric CH4 originating from these feedstuffs in ruminants. Corn, soybean hull, soybean meal and corn silage generated the highest CH4 production from their respective categories. The average CH4 production of fibrous byproducts (44.6 ml/g DM incubated) was significantly higher than that of cereals (40.3 ml/g DM incubated), forages (33.3 ml/g DM incubated) and protein-rich byproducts (31.0 ml/g DM incubated) after the 48-h incubation (P≤0.05). The highest average total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration was determined in cereals (53.6 mM). The acetate to propionate ratio was significantly lower in cereals when compared with other categories of feedstuff (P≤0.05). The correlation analysis showed that in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) positively correlated with the CH4 production in all four categories of feedstuffs (P≤0.05). The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) content positively correlated with CH4 production in every category of feedstuffs except cereals. The starch content negatively correlated with CH4 production for fibrous and protein-rich byproducts (P≤0.05), but it positively correlated with CH4 production for forages (P≤0.05). The CH4 production was predicted more accurately by the equations proposed for each category (R2=0.944, 0.876, 0.942 and 0.915 for cereals, fibrous and protein-rich byproducts and forages, respectively) than for the unclassified feedstuffs (R2=0.715). In conclusion, the contribution of individual chemical composition to CH4 production differed depending on the category of feedstuffs. The precision of CH4 prediction could be substantially improved by classifying feedstuffs into categories according to their chemical composition, and selecting the appropriate predictors for each category. Information about the CH4 output of these feedstuffs will be useful in formulating low CH4-producing diets for ruminants.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and in vitro gas production of cassava peel silage using different preservatives

2021 ◽  
Vol 888 (1) ◽  
pp. 012052
Author(s):  
A D Kartika ◽  
Kusmartono ◽  
Mashudi ◽  
PH Ndaru
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Cassava Peel

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effects of using different types and levels of preservatives on chemical composition and in vitro gas production (IVGP) of cassava peel silage. The following treatments were applied: T0: cassava peel without preservative; T1: T0 + molasses 2%; T2: T0 + molasses 4%; T3: T0 + rice bran 2%; T4: T0 + rice bran 4%; T5: T0 + cassava meal 2% and T6:T0 + cassava meal 4% with 3 replications arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) for the chemical composition variable and randomized block design (RBD) for IVGP variable. The results showed that treatments significantly affected (P<0.01) DM, OM, and EE contents, significantly affected (P<0,05) IVGP but did not significantly affect CP, CF contents, potential, and rate of gas production (P>0.05). Treatment T5 seems to have higher values of IVGP and ME (159.1±7.19 ml/500 mgDM; 11.1±0.36MJ/kg DM, respectively) compared to the other treatments that might have related to a higher OM available for in vitro fermentation process. It can be concluded that the use of cassava meal at 2% level can be considered as the most ideal preservative to use to produce a high-quality cassava peel silage.

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