scholarly journals Species Composition, and Diversity of Mataram University Green Open Space, West Nusa Tenggara

2021 ◽  
Vol 891 (1) ◽  
pp. 012026
Author(s):  
S Latifah ◽  
N Valentino ◽  
D Permata Sari ◽  
BSA Sari
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Exotic Species ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Urban Forests ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Flora Malesiana ◽  
Ptychosperma Macarthurii ◽  
Swietenia Mahagoni

Abstract Mataram university green open space (GOS) is one of the partial green open spaces (GOS) approaches that can be used to conserve endemic germplasm as well to fulfil the proportion and distribution of urban forests. This research aims to describe the species composition, and diversity including the authenticity of Flora Malesiana in this area. We used a census method (100% measurement) to identify the species and measured the diameter and height of all tree species with the diameter of more than 2 cm. The results showed that the 99 species belonged to 85 Genera, 39 families with a composition of 61 species (61.62%) including the flora Malesiana and 38 species (38.38%) including exotic species. Based on IVI analysis showed that Ptychosperma macarthurii dominated at the sapling level while Swietenia mahagoni dominated at the pole and tree levels. The H’ of diversity is in the medium category with the sapling level has the highest value (3.42).

scholarly journals Edge Growth Form of European Buckthorn Increases Isoprene Emissions From Urban Forests

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aarti P. Mistry ◽  
Adam W. T. Steffeck ◽  
Mark J. Potosnak
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Urban Forests ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Urban Trees ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Isoprene Emission ◽  
Environmental Controls

Urban trees provide numerous benefits, such as cooling from transpiration, carbon sequestration, and street aesthetics. But volatile organic compound emissions from trees can combine with anthropogenic nitrogen oxide emissions to form ozone, a harmful air pollutant. The most commonly-emitted of these compounds, isoprene, negatively impacts air quality and hence is detrimental to human health. In addition to environmental controls such as light and temperature, the quantity of isoprene emitted from a leaf is a genus-specific trait. Leaf isoprene emission is enzymatically controlled, and species are typically classified as emitters or non-emitters (near-zero emission rates). Therefore, the species composition of urban forests affects whole-system isoprene production. The process of plant invasion alters species composition, and invasive tree species can be either emitters or non-emitters. If an invasive, isoprene-emitting tree species displaces native, non-emitting species, then isoprene emission rates from urban forests will increase, with a concomitant deterioration of air quality. We tested a hypothesis that invasive species have higher isoprene emission rates than native species. Using existing tree species inventory data for the Chicago region, leaf-level isoprene emission rates of the six most common invasive and native tree species were measured and compared. The difference was not statistically significant, but this could be due to the variability associated with making a sufficient number of measurements to quantify species isoprene emission rates. The most common invasive species European buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica, L.) was an emitter. Because European buckthorn often invades the disturbed edges common in urban forests, we tested a second hypothesis that edge-effect isoprene emissions would significantly increase whole-system modeled isoprene emissions. Using Google Earth satellite imagery to estimate forested area and edge length in the LaBagh Woods Forest Preserve of Cook County (Chicago, IL, USA), edge isoprene emission contributed 8.1% compared to conventionally modeled forest emissions. Our results show that the invasion of European buckthorn has increased isoprene emissions from urban forests. This implies that ecological restoration efforts to remove European buckthorn have the additional benefit of improving air quality.

scholarly journals RUANG TERBUKA HIJAU DALAM PERSPEKTIF JASA EKOSISTEM (STUDI KASUS RUANG TERBUKA HIJAU KAWASAN PERKOTAAN YOGYAKARTA)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
GISKA PARWA MANIKASARI
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Ecosystem Service ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Urban Forests ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
City Parks ◽  
Highest Weight

Green Open Spaces have a variety of ecosystem services of which can be utilized by society. This study aims are to identify green open space criteria value for determining ecosystem services, to study the conditions and distributions of ecosystem service potentials of Green Open Spaces in Urban Area of Yogyakarta, and optimize Green Open Spaces in the Urban Area of Yogyakarta in the perspective of ecosystem services. The research locations included Green Open Spaces of Urban Area of Yogyakarta consisting of urban forests type, city parks, river borders, and road greenbelts, comprising of twelve research locations. The identification of the criteria for Green Open Spaces was done using the expert judgment and pairwise comparison methods resulting in weight values. In each observation location, a plot was made for monitoring the conditions of each Green Open Space criterion using a score. The data from the field and the assessment by experts were analyzed by means of scoring analysis to find out the level of ecosystem services in each research location and they were further descriptively and deductively analyzed by taking account of the area allotment and the available regulations to attain the conditions of Green Open Spaces with optimal ecosystem services. The results of the study show that of the sixteen criteria under study, each plays a role in ecosystem services. The values of ecosystem services of Green Open Spaces in KPY show different values for each type of Green Open Spaces. In general, the types of urban forests, including Urban Forest of Arboretum of Faculty of Forestry, Gadjah Mada University, and Arboretum of Gembira Loka Zoo, have ecosystem services in the high category for the eleven ecosystem services, while the types of Green Open Spaces of city parks, including Denggung Park, Gajah Wong Educational Park, and Lalu Lintas Park, and riverbanks, including Code’s riverbank, Gajah Wong’s riverbank, and Winongo’s riverbank, on the average have ecosystem service va lues in the moderate category, and the types of Green Open Spaces of street greenbelts, including greenbelt of Jalan Magelang, greenbelt of Jalan Cik Di Tiro, and greenbelt of Jalan Malioboro, all have ecosystem service values in the low category. Based on the results, optimalize Green Open Spaces in KPY in the perspective of ecosystem services can be done by optimizing each criteria with the highest weight value adjusted to the allotment of each type of Green Open Spaces and the regulations related to Green Open Spaces.

scholarly journals EVALUASI HUTAN KOTA BERDASARKAN FUNGSI AMELIORASI IKLIM MIKRO DI KOTA SEMARANG

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
AYU NOVITA SARI
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Shade Trees ◽  
Key Performance Indicator ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Albizia Saman ◽  
Swietenia Mahagoni ◽  
Selection Of

City developments have an impact on increasing the conversion of green open spaces (GOS) to builded spaces. The reduction of GOS areas cause the increase of the air temperature in the atmosphere. One way to overcome that problems by urban forest development for micro climate improvement. The function of the urban forest will be felt if the selection of tree species fits with micro climate amelioration function. The objectives of this research were to (1) study the characteristic of urban forest which is effective for the micro climate amelioration, (2) evaluate the suitability of tree physical characters for the micro climate amelioration, and (3) determine the potention of shade trees for the micro climate amelioration. The result shows that urban forest which is effective for the micro climate amelioration have an canopy areas as much as 19927 m2 with 720 of trees. The trees at Tinjomoyo Recreational Forest, Krobokan Urban Forest, and Menteri Supeno Park have the suitability value at the range of 61–80%, while Beringin Park have the suitability value at the range of 41–60%. The value of Key Performance Indicator (KPI) shows that the very potention trees for micro climate amelioration were Albizia saman, Delonix regia, Ficus benjamina, Pterocarpus indicus, Swietenia mahagoni, and Terminalia catappa.

scholarly journals Comparing Species Composition and Planting Trends: Exploring Pest Vulnerability in Toronto’s Urban Forest

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Vander Vecht ◽  
Tenley Conway
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Urban Forests ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Street Tree ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
Pest Vulnerability ◽  
Forest Species Composition

Urban forests represent a valuable resource for cities but are not without costs. These costs can include time, money, and the loss of beneficial services as results of pest infestations. Knowledge of an urban forest’s tree species composition and vulnerability to pests is needed to help managers enhance services delivered, while minimizing expenses over the long-term. Recent research has explored the impacts of individual pests on urban forests, but less attention has been given to the overall pest vulnerability. In this research, tree genera currently prevalent and commonly planted in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, were analyzed using a pest vulnerability matrix to explore how the city’s urban forest species composition and pest vulnerability may be changing. Current tree species composition was derived from existing inventory data, while the planting trends of a variety of local actors were determined through surveys and interviews. Results indicate there is somewhat limited diversity in current street and non-street tree populations, as well as a number of common tree species that have severe pest vulnerabilities. While new plantings replicate some current composition and pest vulnerability issues, several less common species are also being planted. As a result, overall pest vulnerability should decrease in the future, while some ongoing management concerns remain.

ANALISIS PENGARUH PEMBANGUNAN JALAN LAYANG JANTI TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN TATA RUANG KAWASAN JANTI STUDI KASUS : KAWASAN JANTI, DESA CATURTUNGGAL, KABUPATEN SLEMAN, D. I. YOGYAKARTA

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Jeky El Boru
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Qualitative Description ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
The Road ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Linkage Method ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Parking Place

Abstract: This research aims to analyze the impact of Janti Flyover Construction toward the growth of layout at Janti Urban Area, including structured space, open space, and linkage. Method used for data collecting are observation, air photograph monitoring, and interview, whereas the analysis method is qualitative description, which is the superimposed method of two layers, that are the layout condition before and after flyover construction. The result shows that the impact of Janti Flyover construction can be seen on building mass (solid), the increasing number of open spaces, including the road network, parking place, and park, whereas the relation between spaces, visually and structurally, can be seen on the growth of buildings which have new shapes and styles, therefore the performance of the overall building does not have a proportional shape. Considering Janti Street at the collective relation, its role is getting stronger as the main frame road network.Keywords: Flyover construction, layout changing, Janti AreaAbstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pembangunan Jalan Layang Janti terhadap perkembangan tata ruang Kawasan Janti, meliputi ruang terbangun, ruang terbuka, serta hubungan antar ruang (“linkage”). Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, pengamatan foto udara, dan wawancara; sedangkan metode analisis melalui deskripsi secara kualitatif yang berupa “superimposed method” dari dua lapisan kondisi lahan, yakni kondisi tata ruang sebelum dan sesudah pembangunan jalan layang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh pembangunan Jalan Layang Janti terdapat pada massa bangunan (“solid”), pertambahan ruang terbuka yang berupa jaringan jalan, parkir, dan taman; sedangkan pada hubungan antar ruang ̶ secara visual dan struktural ̶ yakni tumbuhnya bangunan dengan bentuk dan gaya baru, sehingga bentuk tampilan bangunan secara keseluruhan tidak proporsional. Pada hubungan kolektif, Jalan Janti semakin kuat perannya sebagai kerangka utama jaringan jalan.Kata kunci : Pembangunan jalan layang, tata ruang, Kawasan Janti

Langfristige Entwicklung von zwei Waldgesellschaften im Białowieża-Urwald

2008 ◽  
Vol 159 (4) ◽  
pp. 80-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Brzeziecki ◽  
Feliks Eugeniusz Bernadzki
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Strong Trend ◽  
Long Term Study

The results of a long-term study on the natural forest dynamics of two forest communities on one sample plot within the Białowieża National Park in Poland are presented. The two investigated forest communities consist of the Pino-Quercetum and the Tilio-Carpinetum type with the major tree species Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies, Betula sp., Quercus robur, Tilia cordata and Carpinus betulus. The results reveal strong temporal dynamics of both forest communities since 1936 in terms of tree species composition and of general stand structure. The four major tree species Scots pine, birch, English oak and Norway spruce, which were dominant until 1936, have gradually been replaced by lime and hornbeam. At the same time, the analysis of structural parameters indicates a strong trend towards a homogenization of the vertical stand structure. Possible causes for these dynamics may be changes in sylviculture, climate change and atmospheric deposition. Based on the altered tree species composition it can be concluded that a simple ≪copying≫ (mimicking) of the processes taking place in natural forests may not guarantee the conservation of the multifunctional character of the respective forests.

scholarly journals Social Evaluation of Public Open Space Services and Their Impact on Well-Being: A Micro-Scale Assessment from a Coastal University

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4372
Author(s):  
Abdullah Addas ◽  
Ahmad Maghrabi
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Evaluation ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Public Open Space ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Public Open Spaces

Public open spaces services have been shown to be profoundly affected by rapid urbanization and environmental changes, and in turn, they have influenced socio-cultural relationships and human well-being. However, the impact of these changes on public open space services (POSS) remains unexplored, particularly in the Saudi Arabian context. This study examines the socio-cultural influence of POSS on the King Abdulaziz University campus, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and the impact of these services on well-being. A field survey and questionnaire were used to collect data. Non-parametric tests (Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests) were used to find significant differences in the importance of POSS as perceived by stakeholders based on socio-demographic attributes. Factor analysis was performed for 14 POSS to identify those that are most important. The study showed that (i) university stakeholders are closely linked to services provided by public open spaces (POS) and dependent on POSS, (ii) there were significant differences in the perceived importance of POSS according to gender, age, and social groups, and (iii) 70 to 90% of stakeholders reported POSS as having a positive impact on well-being. Thus, the findings will help design and plan POSS to meet the needs of society and promote well-being.

scholarly journals Cloud Computation Using High-Resolution Images for Improving the SDG Indicator on Open Spaces

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1144
Author(s):  
Rosa Aguilar ◽  
Monika Kuffer
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Local Planning ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
High Resolution Imagery ◽  
Coarse Spatial Resolution ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
High Resolution Images ◽  
Cloud Computation

Open spaces are essential for promoting quality of life in cities. However, accelerated urban growth, in particular in cities of the global South, is reducing the often already limited amount of open spaces with access to citizens. The importance of open spaces is promoted by SDG indicator 11.7.1; however, data on this indicator are not readily available, neither globally nor at the metropolitan scale in support of local planning, health and environmental policies. Existing global datasets on built-up areas omit many open spaces due to the coarse spatial resolution of input imagery. Our study presents a novel cloud computation-based method to map open spaces by accessing the multi-temporal high-resolution imagery repository of Planet. We illustrate the benefits of our proposed method for mapping the dynamics and spatial patterns of open spaces for the city of Kampala, Uganda, achieving a classification accuracy of up to 88% for classes used by the Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL). Results show that open spaces in the Kampala metropolitan area are continuously decreasing, resulting in a loss of open space per capita of approximately 125 m2 within eight years.

Ecological processes maintaining differential tree species distributions in an Australian subtropical rain forest: implications for models of species coexistence

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Debski ◽  
David F. R. P. Burslem ◽  
David Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Species Coexistence ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Differential Mortality ◽  
Mixed Composition ◽  
Large Scale Disturbance

All stems ≥ 1 cm dbh were measured, tagged, mapped and identified on a 1-ha plot of rain forest at Gambubal State Forest, south-east Queensland, Australia. The spatial patterns and size class distributions of 11 common tree species on the plot were assessed to search for mechanisms determining their distribution and abundance. The forest was species-poor in comparison to many lowland tropical forests and the common species are therefore present at relatively high densities. Despite this, only limited evidence was found for the operation of density-dependent processes at Gambubal. Daphnandra micrantha saplings were clumped towards randomly spaced adults, indicating a shift of distribution over time caused by differential mortality of saplings in these adult associated clumps. Ordination of the species composition in 25-m × 25-m subplots revealed vegetation gradients at that scale, which corresponded to slope across the plot. Adult basal area was dominated by a few large individuals of Sloanea woollsii but the comparative size class distributions and replacement probabilities of the 11 common species suggest that the forest will undergo a transition to a more mixed composition if current conditions persist. The current cohort of large S. woollsii individuals probably established after a large-scale disturbance event and the forest has not attained an equilibrium species composition.

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