scholarly journals The Population Of Festuca Arundinaceae Sherb. The Cretaceous South Of The Middle Russian Uplands As A Starting Material For The Selection Of Grass Bearing Varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 901 (1) ◽  
pp. 012004
Author(s):  
V M Kosolapov ◽  
V I Cherniavskih ◽  
E V Dumacheva ◽  
M N Marinich
Keyword(s):  
Source Material ◽  
Starting Material ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Number Of Shoots

Abstract Collected specimens of Festuca arundinaceae Sherb. (2014-2018). Source material for breeding was obtained as a result of expeditionary studies in the Belgorod region in different ecotopes of ravine and ravine complexes, floodplains of rivers, and technogenic-disturbed lands. Tests of breeding value of selected forms were carried out in comparison with released varieties of Russian (‘Olshanka’, ‘Ivitsa’, ‘Darina’) and foreign breeding (‘Finelawn’, ‘Meandre’). It has been established that the forms selected in natural habitats had wide limits of variation in all basic selection traits - Cv varied from 11.4% for traits ‘number of shoots on 1 plant’ and ‘number of productive shoots on 1 plant’ to 65.4% for the trait ‘color of knots’. Wild populations provide opportunities for selection of such important for selection on seed productivity traits as “number of seeds in one panicle” and “weight of 1000 seeds” - Cv = 12.1 % and 16.1 % accordingly. The results indicate the possibility of using the source material available in the collection to produce new lawn varieties with high seed productivity and ornamental value.

scholarly journals SELECTION EVALUATION OF THE SOURCE MATERIAL OF FESTUCA RUBRA L. OF THE LAWN DIRECTION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihail Marinich
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Central Russian Upland ◽  
Lawn Management ◽  
New Varieties

The aim of the research was to assess the breeding value of the source material of F. rubra of the lawn direction obtained under conditions of various ecotopes of the south of the Central Russian Upland with a predominance of carbonate substrate. In total, 106 numbers of red fescue of various genetic and geological-geographical origin were evaluated in the experiment: 4 varieties and 102 breeding samples. Tests of the breeding value of the collection numbers were carried out in comparison with the zoned varieties of domestic selection (‘Veselka’, ‘Gostenka’, ‘Iskrinka’) and foreign selection (‘Gondolin’). The forms of F. rubra have been identified, approaching erect in shape, having a high shoot-forming ability, pronounced antocian color of inflorescences, whitish bloom on the leaves, which increases the overall decorative effect of lawn herbage. According to a number of important traits for breeding for seed productivity, the forms selected in natural habitats with a predominance of carbonate substrate have wide limits of variation and can serve as genetic sources of individual breeding traits for obtaining new varieties of lawn management with high seed productivity and decorativeness.

STUDY OF THE SOURCE MATERIAL FOR THE SELECTION OF HIGH-SUGAR VARIETIES OF SUGAR SORGHUM

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. P. Kibalnik ◽  
◽  
T. V. Larina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Starting Material ◽  
High Sugar ◽  
Sorghum Breeding ◽  
Selection Of

Currently, the development of the selection of sugar sorghum to increase the content of water-soluble sugars in the juice of the stem is relevant. The varieties and promising lines of sorghum breeding of the Institute, collectible cultivars as producers of sugars for use as a starting material for further breeding have been identified.

scholarly journals Correlation of elements of seed and vegetative productivity of collective samples of white lupine

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-135
Author(s):  
A. Golodna ◽  
◽  
T. Baidiuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Average Strength ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
White Lupine ◽  
Field Measuring ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Selection Of

The aim of the study was to establish the strength and direction of the correlations between the quantitative traits that form vegetative and seed productivity of white lupine. Field, measuring-weight and mathematical-statistical research methods were used. A significant positive correlation of the average strength between seed productivity and such traits as plant height, number of lateral racemes, number of beans from the central and lateral racemes, etc. was established. A strong positive correlation was found with the vegetative development of plants, weak - with the number of seeds in one bean and the weight of 1000 seeds. A significant positive strong correlation of vegetative productivity with such quantitative features as the mass of beans from the central racemes and the mass of leaves and stems was established. A positive correlation of medium strength was found with the number of beans from the central and lateral racemes, the mass of beans from the side racemes, the mass of roots and so on. It was found that the seed productivity of white lupine plants is mainly due to the development of such traits as the number of beans from the lateral racemes, the weight of leaves and roots, the number of seeds and the weight of seeds from the central and lateral racemes. The formation of vegetative productivity primarily depends on the mass of beans from the central racemes and the mass of leaves and stems. The use of established patterns of productivity will help increase the effectiveness of selection of breeding material for the specified parameters.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Variability of White Lupine (Lupinus albus L.) Germplasm

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-403
Author(s):  
Natalia Anastasova GEORGIEVA ◽  
Valentin KOSEV
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
White Lupine ◽  
Pod Length ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Collecting, exploring and using a suitable, genetically diverse source material with different ecological-geographical origin is a determining prerequisite for the breeding success. The present study was conducted during the 2014-2016 period at theInstituteofForage Crops(Pleven,Bulgaria) with 23 cultivars of white lupine originatingPoland,RussiaandUkraine. It was found a significant genetic diversity among the studied cultivars, which was a good prerequisite for starting a breeding program within the crop. The most favorable combination of a high seed productivity and crude protein content had cultivars ‘Tel Keram’, ‘Pflugs Ultra’, ‘WAT’, ‘Solnechnii’ and ‘Pink Mutant’, whose plants were also characterized by a mass of 1,000 seeds between 15 and 21 g. Genetically, the most distant from each other were ‘Bezimenii 1’ and ‘Pflugs Ultra’ compared to ‘Termis Mestnii’ and ‘Solnechnii’ as well as to ‘Tel Keram’. These cultivars are suitable as genitors for the development of high-yielding white lupine cultivars. Studied traits of pod length, number of seeds in a pod and seeds per plant showed a high positive phenotypic and genotypic correlation with the seed productivity in white lupine. Regarding productivity, it can be rely upon the mass of 1,000 seeds, plant height and number of seeds per plant due to their high total effect on the seed weight per plant.

THE SOURCE MATERIAL FOR THE SELECTION OF THE WILD-GROWING SITNIKOV SEEDLING IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE CENTRAL CHERNOZEM REGION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Gubanov ◽  
◽  
E. A. Gubanova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Central Chernozem Region ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Central Chernozem ◽  
Selection Of

The article presents the results of the study of the collection of samples of the wild-growing Sitnikov seedling by the main agricultural indicators (leafiness, green mass, hay yield, seed productivity).

Inheritance of Seed Productivity Characteristics in F1 Inter- and Intra-Species Hybrids of Oil Flax

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-44
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Intraspecific Hybrids ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Selection Of

Knowledge of the nature of inheritance of traits of seed productivity in hybrid populations allows more efficient selection of highly heterozygous hybrids and rejection of low-value breeding material in the early stages of selection. Obtaining a qualitatively new source material of oilseed flax, created with the help of germplasm of wild species, requires genetic studies of traits associated with plant productivity, which are important in the selection of oilseed flax for high yields. Wild species of flax, such as L. angustifolium, L. hispanicum, L. bienne, L. crepitans are valuable genetic sources for obtaining disease-resistant forms, with early ripening, a large number of stems, side shoots, boxes on the plant. The aim of the research was to establish the features of inheritance of interspecific and intraspecific hybrids of the first generation of traits of seed productivity. The study was conducted at the Institute of Oilseeds NAAS in 2018-2019. The research material was interspecific and intraspecific hybrids of the first generation, obtained by crossing the full diallel scheme of two wild annual homostil species L. angustifolium and L. hispanicum and three samples of cultivated flax M 32/2 (IOC NAAS), L 5 (Czech Republic), L 6 (India), contrasting in terms of seed productivity (number of boxes per plant, number of seeds per plant, weight of 1000 seeds). Hybrids were studied in a hybrid nursery F1 according to the scheme: maternal form – direct and reverse hybrids F1 – paternal form. Structural analysis was performed on 10 plants of the parent components and on all F1 plants. The nature of the dominance of traits of seed productivity was determined by the degree of dominance (Beil, Atkins 1965). As a result of research it was established that the inheritance of the number of boxes on the plant in interspecific and intraspecific hybrids was dominated by positive overdominance (46,5% and 45,8%, respectively). In the inheritance of the number of seeds from the plant in interspecific hybrids, intermediate inheritance was predominant (44,7%); in intraspecific hybrids – positive supremacy (66,6%). On the basis of "weight of 1000 seeds" for interspecific and intraspecific hybrids, intermediate inheritance was predominant (95,9% and 62,5%, respectively). Our research allows us to conclude that the nature of inheritance of traits of seed productivity depends on a number of factors: genetic characteristics of experimental material, the studied trait, year conditions, type of crossing (interspecific or intraspecific). The obtained scientific data and genetic material have both theoretical and practical significance. The interspecific hybrid combinations M 32/2 / L. hispanicum, and L 6 / L. hispanicum and intraspecific M32/2 / L 6 and M32/2 / L 5 were isolated, in which heterosis was manifested by the number of boxes on the plant and the number of seeds from the plant. They will be used to create early-maturing varieties of oilseed flax with high seed productivity.

СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ СТАД СКОТА СИММЕНТАЛЬСКОЙ ПОРОДЫ ПО МОЛОЧНОЙ И МЯСНОЙ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТИ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.V. SIVKIN ◽  
N.V. STREKOZOV ◽  
V.I. CHINAROV
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Group I ◽  
Breeding Herd ◽  
Simmental Cattle ◽  
Meat Productivity ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Meat Type

В симментальской породе предусматривается разведение скота, сбалансировано сочетающего молочную и мясную продуктивность. Однако в практике совершенствования племенных стад в подборах быков доминируют улучшатели удоя, что во многом предопределяет результаты селекции и продуктивный тип животных. Объектом нашего исследования стало стадо чистопородного симментальского скота в условиях стойловой системы беспривязного и привязного содержания коров. Для изучения эффективности использования быков-производителей разного племенного достоинства сформировали 2 опытные группы: I состояла из бычков, полученных от отцов с племенной ценностью (ПЦ) по удою 100 кг и более, а во II с ПЦ от 0 до 100 кг молока. Симментальские бычки, отобранные для контрольного убоя, достигали весовых кондиций 500 кг и более в 17,5 мес при среднесуточном приросте 911 г. При использовании на маточном поголовье быков-производителей с улучшающим эффектом по удою 100 кг и более, их сыновья (I группа), на фоне более высоких суточных приростов (на 30 г) и раннем возрасте достижения живой массы 500 кг (на 18 дней) имели массу и выход туши на 21,4 кг и 2,7 ниже, чем у бычков II группы. При формировании молочно-мясного типа быки-производители с умеренной племенной ценностью по удою обеспечивали получение потомства, сочетающего молочную и мясную продуктивность в экономически значимых пропорциях.The Simmental breed provides for the breeding of cattle that combines milk and meat productivity in a balanced proportion. However, in the practice of improving breeding herds, the selection of bulls is dominated by milk yield improvers, which largely determines the results of selection and the productive type of animals. The object of our research was a breeding herd of purebred Simmental cattle in variety feeding and housing practices. To study the effectiveness of using bulls-producers of different breeding values, 2 experimental groups were formed: I consisted of bulls received from fathers with a breeding value (BV) of milk yield 100 kg or more, and II with a BV from 0 to 100 kg of milk. Simmental bulls selected for control slaughter reached weight standards of 500 kg or more in 17.5 months with an average daily increase of 911 g. When used on breeding of bulls with an improving effect on the yield of 100 kg or more, their sons (group I), against the background of higher daily gains (30 g) and an early age of reaching a live weight of 500 kg (18 days), had a mass and carcass yield of 21.4 kg and 2.7 lower than that of group II bulls. When forming a dairy-meat type, producing bulls with a moderate breeding value for milk yield provided for the production of offspring that combined dairy and meat productivity in economically significant proportions.

A simulation study of open nucleus and closed nucleus breeding systems in a sheep population

1995 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Roden
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Linear Unbiased Prediction ◽  
Sheep Population ◽  
Best Linear Unbiased ◽  
Nucleus Breeding ◽  
Open Nucleus ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractStochastic simulation was used to compare the results of alternative breeding systems in a sheep population divided into 10 flocks of 120 ewes. The breeding systems compared were selection within closed flocks (CF), a closed nucleus system (CNS), an open nucleus system (ONS) and open nucleus systems with the selection of nucleus replacements being restricted to either nucleus born males (ONSRm) or nucleus born females (ONSRf). Selection was for a best linear unbiased prediction of breeding value for lamb live weight which had a heritability of 0·17. The open nucleus breeding systems (ONS, ONSRm, ONSRf) resulted in higher rates of genetic gain, more predictable selection responses and lower rates of inbreeding than either the closed nucleus system (CNS) or selection within closed flocks (CF). Initial genetic differences between flocks resulted in higher rates of genetic gain in the nucleus breeding systems due to the use of between flock genetic variance. In the ONS system up to 25% of nucleus sires and approximately 50% of nucleus dams were born in base flocks. Nevertheless if selection of either nucleus sires or dams was restricted to nucleus born animals there was very little change in genetic gain or rate of inbreeding.

scholarly journals THE ESTIMATION OF PEAS COLLECTION IN THE ALTAI

2019 ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
S. K. Shchukis ◽  
E. R. Shchukis
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Diverse Source ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Vast Territory

The article emphasizes the importance of peas as a source of vegetative protein, and indicates on insufficient areas under peas both in Russia and in the Altai. One of the reasons of reducing its acreage is the high costs on peas planting and protecting from pests, diseases and weeds. Climate changing contributes to rapid development of such harmful diseases as ascohitoz, bacteriosis, fusarium, rust, significant number of weevil, pea aphid and moth mullet. Considering the main directions in pea breeding, it should be emphasized that the Altai Area, with its vast territory and diverse natural and climatic conditions, requires highly productive, well-adapted varieties of different use which are capable to effectively use agro-climatic resources of different zones. All this requires the active study of the source material, the selection of new, economically valuable forms and their introduction into the breeding process. It has been noted that the production requires more advanced varieties, the development of which is impossible without the presence of diverse source material. The purpose of the study was to identify the best productive plants in the pea collection of 2012-2017. The material has been represented by 113 variety samples of domestic and foreign selection. The varieties with best productivity were ‘Mnogoplodny 163’, ‘Rheinperle’, ‘Flagman 12’, ‘806’9, ‘Varyag’, ‘Altaisky Usaty’, ‘Pioner’, ‘LittleMarwel’, ‘Mnogoplodny 27’, ‘Zeleny Tsukat’, ‘Ryadovoy’, ‘576/80’. The best forage productivity was produced by ‘Novosibirets’, ‘Varyag’, ‘Pino’, ‘Zeleny Tsukat’, ‘Mnogoplodny 105’. The most fast-ripening varieties were ‘Rheinperle’ and ‘Pyrama’. The samples ‘Novosibirets’, ‘Varyag’, ‘Pino’ and ‘8067’ were characterized with high plant height. The samples ‘Pyrama’, ‘Flagman 12’, ‘Novosibirets’, ‘Sihirobana-Kinusaja’, the line ‘312’ produced large-sized kernels. The great lodge resistance has been shown by ‘Altaisky Usaty’, ‘Svetozar’, ‘Kamerton’, ‘Flagman 12’.

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