Inheritance of Seed Productivity Characteristics in F1 Inter- and Intra-Species Hybrids of Oil Flax

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-44
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Intraspecific Hybrids ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Selection Of

Knowledge of the nature of inheritance of traits of seed productivity in hybrid populations allows more efficient selection of highly heterozygous hybrids and rejection of low-value breeding material in the early stages of selection. Obtaining a qualitatively new source material of oilseed flax, created with the help of germplasm of wild species, requires genetic studies of traits associated with plant productivity, which are important in the selection of oilseed flax for high yields. Wild species of flax, such as L. angustifolium, L. hispanicum, L. bienne, L. crepitans are valuable genetic sources for obtaining disease-resistant forms, with early ripening, a large number of stems, side shoots, boxes on the plant. The aim of the research was to establish the features of inheritance of interspecific and intraspecific hybrids of the first generation of traits of seed productivity. The study was conducted at the Institute of Oilseeds NAAS in 2018-2019. The research material was interspecific and intraspecific hybrids of the first generation, obtained by crossing the full diallel scheme of two wild annual homostil species L. angustifolium and L. hispanicum and three samples of cultivated flax M 32/2 (IOC NAAS), L 5 (Czech Republic), L 6 (India), contrasting in terms of seed productivity (number of boxes per plant, number of seeds per plant, weight of 1000 seeds). Hybrids were studied in a hybrid nursery F1 according to the scheme: maternal form – direct and reverse hybrids F1 – paternal form. Structural analysis was performed on 10 plants of the parent components and on all F1 plants. The nature of the dominance of traits of seed productivity was determined by the degree of dominance (Beil, Atkins 1965). As a result of research it was established that the inheritance of the number of boxes on the plant in interspecific and intraspecific hybrids was dominated by positive overdominance (46,5% and 45,8%, respectively). In the inheritance of the number of seeds from the plant in interspecific hybrids, intermediate inheritance was predominant (44,7%); in intraspecific hybrids – positive supremacy (66,6%). On the basis of "weight of 1000 seeds" for interspecific and intraspecific hybrids, intermediate inheritance was predominant (95,9% and 62,5%, respectively). Our research allows us to conclude that the nature of inheritance of traits of seed productivity depends on a number of factors: genetic characteristics of experimental material, the studied trait, year conditions, type of crossing (interspecific or intraspecific). The obtained scientific data and genetic material have both theoretical and practical significance. The interspecific hybrid combinations M 32/2 / L. hispanicum, and L 6 / L. hispanicum and intraspecific M32/2 / L 6 and M32/2 / L 5 were isolated, in which heterosis was manifested by the number of boxes on the plant and the number of seeds from the plant. They will be used to create early-maturing varieties of oilseed flax with high seed productivity.

Inheritance of Plant Habitus Traits in F1 Inter- and Intra-species Hybrids of Oil Flax

2019 ◽  
pp. 31-43
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
First Generation ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Degree Of Dominance ◽  
Lateral Shoots ◽  
Plant Habit ◽  
Number Of Stems ◽  
Intraspecific Hybrids ◽  
Cultivated Flax

The effectiveness of the selection of oil flax is largely dependent on the expansion of genetic diversity due to the attraction of hybrid sources of wild species with n = 15, which easily interbreed with cultivated flax, in particular L. angustifolium, L. hispanicum, bienne, L. crepitans. The aim of the work was to establish the inheritance characteristics of interspecific and intraspecific hybrids of the first generation of quantitative traits of plant habit, which are important economic traits for creating valuable source material and using it in breeding programs with oilseed. The material of the study was the interspecific and intraspecific hybrids of the first generation, obtained by crossing two wild annual homostilous species L. angustifolium, L. hispanicum and three samples of cultivated flax M 32/2 (IOC NAAS), L 5 (Czech Republic) according to the full diallel pattern L 6 (India), contrasting in terms of habitus (height, number of stems and lateral shoots). Studies were carried out at the Institute of Oilseed Crops NAAS in 2017-2018. Hybrids were studied in an F1 hybrid nursery in blocks according to the scheme: maternal form – direct and reverse hybrids F1 – paternal form. Structural analysis was carried out on 10 plants of the parent components and on all F1 plants. The nature of inheritance of habit characters in the first generation of hybrids was determined by the degree of dominance (Beil, Atkins 1965). As a result of studies, it was found that in the inheritance of plant height in interspecific hybrids positive overdomination prevailed (in 41,3%); in intraspecific hybrids – intermediate inheritance (in 50,0%). In the inheritance of the number of stems per plant in interspecific hybrids, intermediate inheritance was predominant (in 47,4%); in intraspecific hybrids, 50% had intermediate inheritance and 50% had negative dominance. According to the trait “number of lateral shoots per plant” in interspecific hybrids, intermediate inheritance was predominant (in 41,2%); in intraspecific hybrids, 50% had positive overdomination and 50% had intermediate inheritance. The degree of dominance of the signs of plant habit depended on the conditions of the year, the genetic characteristics of the experimental material, the trait under study, and the type of crossing (interspecific or intraspecific). For high selection efficiency, the nature of inheritance in each case should be taken into account. Hybrid combinations of M 32/2 / L. angustifolium and M 32/2 / L. hispanicum, which showed heterosis during the years of research on the basis of the number of lateral shoots per plant, are valuable for creating varieties of oil flax with large branching.

ASSESSMENT OF INTRA- AND INTER- SPECIES OF THE FIRST GENERA-TION SOYBEAN HYBRIDS

1970 ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
N. G. Kalitskaya ◽  
V. T. Sinegovskaya ◽  
T. P. Kobozeva
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Wild Form ◽  
Maternal Line ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Intraspecific Hybridization ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
Russian Scientific Research Institute ◽  
Heterosis Effect ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The article presents the results of the study of interspecific and intraspecific first generation soybean hybrids in terms of selection and genetic parameters. The studies were carried out on an experimental field of the breeding laboratory of the FSBSI FRC "All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Soybean" in 2018 – 2019 in order to identify the best genotypes already in the first generation and predict an increase in the selection efficiency in subsequent generations. Hybridization was carried out according to the method of K.K. Malish and T.P. Ryazantseva by forced re-pollination. Highly productive varieties of the Institute breeding Kitrossa, Intriga, Nevesta and the Chinese variety Heihe 27 were used as maternal forms, samples from the collection of wild soybeans KBl-18, KZ-671, KBl-30, KM-705 and varieties Hedi and Tundra were used as paternal forms. The parental forms and the obtained hybrids were analyzed according to the traits: the number of productive nodes, beans, seeds per plant, weight of seeds from one plant and 1000 seeds. The interspecific hybridization analysis of soybeans showed that when crossing cultivars with wild forms, heterosis did not manifest itself in the first generation for any of the economically valuable traits. Hybridization of cultivated soybeans with the wild form is unpromising for the inheritance of economically valuable traits in order to obtain highly productive varieties. Productive hybrids were revealed during intraspecific hybridization of cultivated forms. In the hybrid combination ♀Heihe 27 x ♂Tundra, an increase in heterosis was noted in three traits: the number of beans (13.3%), the mass of seeds per plant, and the number of seeds (45%). The hybrids obtained by crossing of ♀Kitross x ♂Tundra had an advantage over the parental forms in the number of productive nodes and beans, the number of seeds per plant. The size of the seeds was inherited through the maternal line. The degree of phenotypic dominance was revealed only on one trait - the number of seeds per plant (5%). The heterosis effect was noted on the number of productive nodes (80%) and beans (83.3%).

scholarly journals Correlation of elements of seed and vegetative productivity of collective samples of white lupine

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-135
Author(s):  
A. Golodna ◽  
◽  
T. Baidiuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Average Strength ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
White Lupine ◽  
Field Measuring ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Selection Of

The aim of the study was to establish the strength and direction of the correlations between the quantitative traits that form vegetative and seed productivity of white lupine. Field, measuring-weight and mathematical-statistical research methods were used. A significant positive correlation of the average strength between seed productivity and such traits as plant height, number of lateral racemes, number of beans from the central and lateral racemes, etc. was established. A strong positive correlation was found with the vegetative development of plants, weak - with the number of seeds in one bean and the weight of 1000 seeds. A significant positive strong correlation of vegetative productivity with such quantitative features as the mass of beans from the central racemes and the mass of leaves and stems was established. A positive correlation of medium strength was found with the number of beans from the central and lateral racemes, the mass of beans from the side racemes, the mass of roots and so on. It was found that the seed productivity of white lupine plants is mainly due to the development of such traits as the number of beans from the lateral racemes, the weight of leaves and roots, the number of seeds and the weight of seeds from the central and lateral racemes. The formation of vegetative productivity primarily depends on the mass of beans from the central racemes and the mass of leaves and stems. The use of established patterns of productivity will help increase the effectiveness of selection of breeding material for the specified parameters.

scholarly journals Порівняльна характеристика морфологічних особливостей сортів льону олійного в умовах Правобережного Лісостепу України

2017 ◽  
pp. 136-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Т. А. Столярчук ◽  
А. М. Кисильчук
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Highest Weight ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Сорти льону олійного мають важливе значення для отримання його стабільного врожаю високої якості. Проте для льону олійного виявлена ​​значна варіабельність ознак насіннєвої продуктивності (кількість та маса насіння з рослини, маса 1000 насінин) і біохімічного складу насіння, однак відомості про реалізацію генотипового потенціалу культури обмежені. Саме через таку мінливість ознак льону олійного метою нашого дослідження було порівняння морфології рослин різних сортів під час вирощування саме в умовах Правобережного Лісостепу України. Проведені дослідження показали, що умови вирощування мають вплив на такі генотипові ознаки як висота рослин та кількість коробочок на рослині. Маса 1000 насінин та кількість насінин у коробочці є відносно стабільними показниками і мають незначну мінливість. Маса насіння з однієї рослини залежить від кількості коробочок на рослині, про що свідчить високий коефіцієнт кореляції. Найбільшу висоту рослин за всі роки досліджень мав сорт Лірина, найменшу – сорт Айсберг. Найвищу масу 1000 насінин мав сорт Південна ніч. Кращими за продуктивністю однієї рослини в умовах Правобережного Лісостепу України виявились сорти Еврика, Лірина та Блакитно-помаранчевий. Linseed varieties are of great importance for obtaining stable yields of high quality. However, for linseed, there is a significant variability in the signs of seed productivity (amount and mass of seeds from the plant, mass of 1000 seeds) and biochemical composition of the seeds, but information about genotypic potential realization of the culture is limited. It is because of this variability of linseed characteristics our study was aimed at comparing morphology of plants different varieties during cultivation precisely in conditions of the Right-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Studies have shown that growing conditions affect on such genotypic signs as height of the plants and number of fruitcases on the plant. Weight of 1000 seeds and number of seeds in the fruitcase is relatively stable and has insignificant variability. Weight of the seeds from one plant depends from number of fruitcases on the plant, as evidenced by the high correlation coefficient. The biggest height of the plants during the all years of research has variety Liryna, the shortest – variety Aisberg. The highest weight of 1000 seeds has variety Pivdenna nich. The best by productivity of the one plant in conditions of Right-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine were varieties Evryka, Lirina and Blakytno-pomaranchevyi.

scholarly journals The Population Of Festuca Arundinaceae Sherb. The Cretaceous South Of The Middle Russian Uplands As A Starting Material For The Selection Of Grass Bearing Varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 901 (1) ◽  
pp. 012004
Author(s):  
V M Kosolapov ◽  
V I Cherniavskih ◽  
E V Dumacheva ◽  
M N Marinich
Keyword(s):  
Source Material ◽  
Starting Material ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Number Of Shoots

Abstract Collected specimens of Festuca arundinaceae Sherb. (2014-2018). Source material for breeding was obtained as a result of expeditionary studies in the Belgorod region in different ecotopes of ravine and ravine complexes, floodplains of rivers, and technogenic-disturbed lands. Tests of breeding value of selected forms were carried out in comparison with released varieties of Russian (‘Olshanka’, ‘Ivitsa’, ‘Darina’) and foreign breeding (‘Finelawn’, ‘Meandre’). It has been established that the forms selected in natural habitats had wide limits of variation in all basic selection traits - Cv varied from 11.4% for traits ‘number of shoots on 1 plant’ and ‘number of productive shoots on 1 plant’ to 65.4% for the trait ‘color of knots’. Wild populations provide opportunities for selection of such important for selection on seed productivity traits as “number of seeds in one panicle” and “weight of 1000 seeds” - Cv = 12.1 % and 16.1 % accordingly. The results indicate the possibility of using the source material available in the collection to produce new lawn varieties with high seed productivity and ornamental value.

Magnetoencephalography and the Cortical Dynamics of Language Processing

2019 ◽  
pp. 114-153
Author(s):  
Riitta Salmelin ◽  
Jan Kujala ◽  
Mia Liljeström
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Language Disorders ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Neural Processing ◽  
Powerful Method ◽  
Cortical Dynamics ◽  
Brain Correlates ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Selection Of

When seeking to uncover the brain correlates of language processing, timing and location are of the essence. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) offers them both, with the highest sensitivity to cortical activity. MEG has shown its worth in revealing cortical dynamics of reading, speech perception, and speech production in adults and children, in unimpaired language processing as well as developmental and acquired language disorders. The MEG signals, once recorded, provide an extensive selection of measures for examination of neural processing. Like all other neuroimaging tools, MEG has its own strengths and limitations of which the user should be aware in order to make the best possible use of this powerful method and to generate meaningful and reliable scientific data. This chapter reviews MEG methodology and how MEG has been used to study the cortical dynamics of language.

The Brown Mite, Bryobia arborea Morgan and Anderson (Acarina: Tetranychidae), on Apple in Nova Scotia.: I. Influence of Intratree Distribution on the Selection of Sampling Units. II. Differences in Habits and Seasonal Trends in Orchards With Bivoltine and Trivoltine Populations. III. Distribution of Diapause Eggs. IV. Hatching of Diapause Eggs

1965 ◽  
Vol 97 (12) ◽  
pp. 1303-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Seasonal Trends ◽  
Sample Unit ◽  
The Third ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractIn Nova Scotia one leaf cluster with an adjoining 1 inch of twig taken from the inside of each of 10 apple trees replicated four times is an adequate sample unit to measure the density of the brown mite.The brown mite has one generation with a partial second in some orchards and one with a partial second and partial third in others. The first generation adults in the bivoltine and trivoltine populations lay summer eggs on the leaves and twigs, and diapause eggs on tin twigs. The second generation adults in the bivoltine populations lay only diapause eggs; in the trivoltine populations they lay both summer and diapause eggs. The adults of the third generation lay only diapause eggs.The brown mite is found on both the leaves and woody parts of the tree. In orchards with bivoltine populations the proportion of mites on leaves reached a peak of 80% by mid-July, but thereafter gradually decreased to 10% by the end of August. However, in orchards with trivoltine populations the proportion of mites on leaves reached a peak of 80 to 90% by mid-July, remained constant until mid-August, and thereafter decreased to approximately 40% by the end of August.The number of diapause eggs laid by adults of each generation in both the bivoltine and trivoltine populations varies widely. The eggs are deposited on the trunk as well as on the branches, with the heaviest deposition in the central area of the tree. The diapause eggs laid by adults of the first generation are the last to hatch and those laid by the third generation are the first to hatch the following spring.The factors responsible for the differences in the number of generations and in the number of diapause eggs laid are unknown.

Conferring a Federal Property Right in Genetic Material: Stepping into the Future with the Genetic Privacy Act

1996 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-134
Author(s):  
Michael M.J. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Genetic Privacy ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Dna Evidence ◽  
Privacy Act ◽  
National Rule ◽  
Social And Ethical Issues

“A wise man can hear profit in the wind.”—Pel, quoting the Ferengi Rules of AcquisitionThe expansive biotechnology field includes many facets of medical research, from drug discovery and design, to gene therapy and the diagnosis of genetic diseases, to the use of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) evidence to identify individuals and genetic characteristics. The biotechnology industry requires a readily available supply of biological raw materials; much of current research is founded on cells, tissues, organs, fetal tissues and placentas, and other samples derived from human donors. However, this growing need for raw materials presents many economic, social, and ethical issues to society, researchers, and the existing legal regime. Furthermore, because courts and legislatures fail to provide a clear national rule regarding biological materials, the resulting legal uncertainties chill research and investment. Although very few cases address property rights in a person’s organs, tissues, and genetic material, the issues of autonomy and privacy involved evoke analogies to deep-seated issues such as slavery, the freezing of embryos, and abortion.

scholarly journals Herbicide-resistant crops in resistant weed management : An industrial perspective

2005 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Shaner
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Selection Of

Some of the first products of biotechnology to reach the marketplace have been herbicide-resistant crops. Industry sees the development of herbicide-resistant varieties as a way to increase the availability of proven herbicides for a broader range of crops. However, the development of herbicide- resistant crops requires special attention to potential environmental questions such as herbicide usage, selection of resistant weed biotypes and spread of resistance from the resistant crop to wild species. Industry is actively addressing these concerns during the process of development. Proper development and use of herbicide-resistant crops in integrated weed management programs will provide farmers with increased flexibility, efficiency, and decreased cost in their weed control practices without increasing the risk of herbicide-resistant weeds. Furthermore, herbicide-resistant crops should prove to be valuable tools in managing herbicide- resistant weeds.

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