scholarly journals Ecotoxicological Tests of Metal-Contaminated soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 906 (1) ◽  
pp. 012099
Author(s):  
Ol’ga Šestinová ◽  
Lenka Findoráková ◽  
Jozef HančuFák ◽  
Zuzana Szabová
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Steel Plant ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Abstract The raw steel production plays a key role in the economic development of Slovakia. Unfortunately, the technology of steel production, agricultural and industrial activities contribute to contamination of the soil in the region Eastern Slovakia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of heavy metals in urban soils from the Košice area, using bioassays on earthworms and phytotoxicity. An earthworm avoidance test has potential advantages for use in evaluation of hazardous soils sites and proved as a quick approach to determining the presence of contaminants. The earthworm (Dendrobaena veneta) takes up and retains metals from soil containing of heavy metals. Assessment of soil phytotoxicity was based on germination and seedling growth of the terrestrial plant (mustard Sinapis alba). The level of Cr, Co, Cd and Hg were assessed in 8 industrial soils (4 agricultural areas and 4 grass-plot areas) from the area U.S. Steel Košice. The highest levels contaminations of chromium (278mg/kg), cobalt (39mg/kg), cadmium (21mg/kg) and mercury (0.80mg/kg) were determined for the grass-plot soils (main gate of the U. S. Steel-plant). Phytotoxkit results for the agricultural soils from around Košice showed that, the potential toxicity values are lowly, represented by a lower percentage of inhibition in germination range between 5 and 33 % and the average percentage of growth inhibition was 12-39 % for Sinapis alba. The results for the grass-plot areas soils from around Košice showed the percentage of inhibition in germination range between 13 and 47 % and the average percentage of growth inhibition was 19-49 % for Sinapis alba. Low mortality effects were recorded in the tests with Dendronaena veneta. The distribution of the worms found in the double control was within the range 10–100 % for all areas of the agricultural soils and grass-plot soils, for after 48h. The significant (P<0.05) avoidance by Dendronaena veneta were 100% in soils of areas Gomboš and from main gate of the U. S. Steel-plant, Košice. The above results reflect that not only may the worms be able to detect metals, but in fact they may also change their behavioural response over time.

scholarly journals Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Populations in Heavy-Metal-Contaminated Soils

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 718-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Del Val ◽  
J. M. Barea ◽  
C. Azcón-Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
The European Union

ABSTRACT High concentrations of heavy metals have been shown to adversely affect the size, diversity, and activity of microbial populations in soil. The aim of this work was to determine how the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is affected by the addition of sewage-amended sludge containing heavy metals in a long-term experiment. Due to the reduced number of indigenous AM fungal (AMF) propagules in the experimental soils, several host plants with different life cycles were used to multiply indigenous fungi. Six AMF ecotypes were found in the experimental soils, showing consistent differences with regard to their tolerance to the presence of heavy metals. AMF ecotypes ranged from very sensitive to the presence of metals to relatively tolerant to high rates of heavy metals in soil. Total AMF spore numbers decreased with increasing amounts of heavy metals in the soil. However, species richness and diversity as measured by the Shannon-Wiener index increased in soils receiving intermediate rates of sludge contamination but decreased in soils receiving the highest rate of heavy-metal-contaminated sludge. Relative densities of most AMF species were also significantly influenced by soil treatments. Host plant species exerted a selective influence on AMF population size and diversity. We conclude based on the results of this study that size and diversity of AMF populations were modified in metal-polluted soils, even in those with metal concentrations that were below the upper limits accepted by the European Union for agricultural soils.

scholarly journals Earthworms as useful bioindicator of soils contamination around Košice city, Slovakia

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Oľga Šestinová ◽  
Jozef Hančuľák ◽  
Tomislav Špaldon
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Steel Plant ◽  
Bioaccumulation Factors ◽  
Ecotoxicity Tests ◽  
Total Concentrations

Abstract This study was conducted to investigate heavy metals bioaccumulation in industrialized soils in surrounding of Košice city (Slovakia), using earthworms. In the present research, we used ecotoxicity tests with Dendrobaena veneta (7 and 28-day bioassays) to infer about potential toxic risks to the agricultural (A) and permanent grass vegetation (PGV) of soils around the plant U. S. Steel Košice. The total Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr and As contents and eco-toxicological tests of industrialized soils from the Košice area were performed for 12 sampling sites in years 2016 – 2017. An influence of the sampling sites distance from the largest steel producer plant on the total concentrations of heavy metals was determined for Fe, Cd, Cr and As. It was found that earthworms (Dendrobaena veneta) in some cases caused a decrease of metals concentration in contaminated soils, the largest metal concentration differences were recorded in the samples PGV (4) U. S. Steel-plant-main gate. The results of the bioaccumulation factors of heavy metals in D. veneta (BAFs/7-28 d) are < 1 for the studied metals order in the sequence: Cr < Fe < Pb < Cu < As and > 1 for Zn > Cd.

scholarly journals A review on phytoremediation as an ecological method for in situ clean up of heavy metals contaminated soils

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 03024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolae Cioica ◽  
Cătălina Tudora ◽  
Dorin Iuga ◽  
György Deak ◽  
Monica Matei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Current State ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Excessive Accumulation

Heavy metals are among the most common types of contaminants in agricultural soils, especially those bordering the cities, due to the uncontrolled use of sewage sludge, compost, mining waste and chemical fertilizers. Excessive accumulation of heavy metals, which do not degrade over time, adversely affects crop yields by decreasing microbial activity and fertility of contaminated soils. Also, excess of heavy metals in the soil poses a serious threat to plant and animal health and, through their entry into the food chain, to human health. For this reason, the decontamination of soils contaminated with heavy metals has become a necessity. This review presents the current state of phytoremediation research as the most cost-effective method of in-situ environmental decontamination of soils contaminated with heavy metals.

Risk Implications of Heavy Metal Contamination in Agricultural Soil and Crop Productivity

2018 ◽  
pp. 238-258
Author(s):  
Archana ◽  
Ajai Kumar Jaitly
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Cobalt Chromium ◽  
Lead Nickel

Heavy metals especially lead, nickel, cadmium, copper, cobalt, chromium and mercury are more toxic and chief contaminants of the environment. Agricultural soils in many parts of the world are slightly to moderately polluted with heavy metals due to increase in geologic and anthropogenic activities (use of phosphate fertilizers, sewage sludge application, dust from smelters, industrial waste). Plants growing on these contaminated soils showed toxicity symptoms that results in reduce growth and activity which declined the productivity and posing threats to agro-ecosystems. They put plants under stress and affect their physiology. In this chapter, we have summarized the effects of heavy metals on plants including both symptoms and productivity.

scholarly journals Determination of heavy metals in soil used for potato cultivation by atomic absorption spectroscopy in awi Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melaku Metro ◽  
Fentahun Adamu ◽  
Banchalem Kassie
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Amhara Region ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Awi Zone ◽  
Agricultural Areas

The study evaluates heavy metals in soil used for Potato cultivation by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy in awi Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. In this study, 75 soil samples from three agricultural areas, namely: Guaguasa Shikudad, Fagita Lecoma and Banja districts were collected and analyzed for Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn) using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The results obtained revealed that the mean heavy metal concentrations for Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu, and Zn were 75.33–77.00mg/kg, 17.11–18.76mg/kg, 60.26-101.78mg/kg, 125.17-383.39mg/kg and 244.20—287.87mg/kg respectively. In general, the level of metals in soil collected from the sampling sites are found to be decreased in the order of: Cu>Zn>Ni>Pb>Cd. Soil analysis showed that the concentration of Cu, Cd and Ni higher than permissible levels there WHO/FAO thresholds for agricultural soils the soil is polluted by toxic heavy metals (Cu, Cd and Ni). Therefore, the soils studied were harmful for the cultivation of potatoes and other agricultural purposes.

scholarly journals Characteristics of municipal landfill leachate and its impact on surrounding agricultural land

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esrat Jahan ◽  
Ashrafun Nessa ◽  
Md Faruque Hossain ◽  
Zakia Parveen
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Permissible Limits ◽  
Plant Samples ◽  
Agricultural Areas

An investigation was carried out to assess the characteristics of leachate and its impact on surrounding agricultural land of the Matuail landfill site, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Leachate samples were collected from active dumping areas; soil and plant samples from three different sites of surrounding agricultural areas. Water quality parameters like pH, DO, BOD, COD, TDS were measured for leachate samples and heavy metals like Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni were analyzed for leachate, soil and plant samples. The results showed that untreated leachate concentrations of DO, BOD, COD and TDS were 1.34, 96, 1343 and 7120 mg/l, respectively that exceeded inland surface water standard but the concentrations of DO (7.49 mg/l), BOD (10 mg/l) and TDS (790/l) in the treated leachate pond were found within the permissible limits. The leachate samples are not contaminated with heavy metals as these are present below the toxic limits. The heavy metal concentrations in agricultural soils are below the permissible limits except Pb; but in plants the concentrations of Cu, Zn and Pb exceeded the critical limits.Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 29(1): 31-39, June-2016

scholarly journals Environmental risk assessment of metal-contaminated areas using different bioassays

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-191
Author(s):  
Oľga Šestinová ◽  
Jozef Hančuľák ◽  
Lenka Findoráková
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk Assessment ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Average Percentage

Mining activities in the areas Krompachy and Rudňany-Markušovce were focused on mining and processing of copper and mercury ore and left harmful effects on the region of Eastern Slovakia. The aim of this study is using different screening methods (XRF, Phytotoxkit and earthworm bioassays) for environmental risk assessment of metal-contaminated areas. Elemental analysis by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry indicated severe pollution of studied soils by Cu, Ni, As and Hg, which exceeded limit values. Significant positive correlation is found between Pb and Zn occurrence in the agricultural soil from Krompachy: Kluknava, and for the contents of particular metals in soil from permanent grass vegetation in Kolinovce locality, namely between Pb and Ni, Pb and Zn, and between Hg and Zn contents. A 7-day bioassay and avoidance test with the Dendrobaena veneta was used to assess the environmental risk of heavy metals in soils. The earthworms mortality was very little influenced by metals in Krompachy soils, but rather affected by Rudňany soils tailing. Phytotoxkit results for soils from Krompachy showed inhibition in germination by 32 % and 29 % for Sinapis alba and Lepidium sativum, respectively. Results of the average percentage of growth inhibition by Lepidium sativum was 28 % and 24 % for Sinapis alba. On the other hand, soil samples from Rudňany tailing showed 56 % of germination inhibition by Sinapis alba, and 49 % for Lepidium sativum, respectively. Results of the average percentage of grow the inhibition by Lepidium sativum was 48 %, and 52 % for Sinapis alba Rudňany tailing soils. The significant results (P < 0.05) of the avoidance percentages of Dendrobaena  veneta for tested soils were within the range 80 – 100 % in soils Rudňany-Markušovce tailing after 48 h. The variable toxicity of contaminated soils demonstrated the efficiency and usefulness of the Phytotoxkit and earthworm bioassays as a useful tool for evaluation of soil ecotoxicity. The results supported the expected negative impact of the soil samples on the region Eastern Slovakia.

Synergistic Effect of Rhamnolipid and Saponin Biosurfactants on Removal of Heavy Metals from Oil Contaminated Soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
Amirhossein Dolatzadeh khiyavi ◽  
Reza Hajimohammadi ◽  
Hossein Amani ◽  
Hadi Soltani
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals

scholarly journals Chemical Properties of Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soils from a Korean Military Shooting Range: Evaluation of Pb Sources Using Pb Isotope Ratios

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 7099
Author(s):  
Inkyeong Moon ◽  
Honghyun Kim ◽  
Sangjo Jeong ◽  
Hyungjin Choi ◽  
Jungtae Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Shooting Range ◽  
Geochemical Properties ◽  
Mineral Phases

In this study, the geochemical properties of heavy metal-contaminated soils from a Korean military shooting range were analyzed. The chemical behavior of heavy metals was determined by analyzing the soil pH, heavy metal concentration, mineral composition, and Pb isotopes. In total, 24 soil samples were collected from a Korean military shooting range. The soil samples consist of quartz, albite, microcline, muscovite/illite, kaolinite, chlorite, and calcite. Lead minerals, such as hydrocerussite and anglesite, which are indicative of a transformation into secondary mineral phases, were not observed. All soils were strongly contaminated with Pb with minor concentrations of Cu, Ni, Cd, and Zn. Arsenic was rarely detected. The obtained results are indicated that the soils from the shooting range are contaminated with heavy metals and have evidences of different degree of anthropogenic Pb sources. This study is crucial for the evaluation of heavy metal-contaminated soils in shooting ranges and their environmental effect as well as for the establishment of management strategies for the mitigation of environmental risks.

scholarly journals Fractionation of Heavy Metals in Multi-Contaminated Soil Treated with Biochar Using the Sequential Extraction Procedure

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 448
Author(s):  
Mahrous Awad ◽  
Zhongzhen Liu ◽  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
Eldessoky S. Dessoky ◽  
Marian Brestic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Sequential Fractionation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Heavy metals (HMs) toxicity represents a global problem depending on the soil environment’s geochemical forms. Biochar addition safely reduces HMs mobile forms, thus, reducing their toxicity to plants. While several studies have shown that biochar could significantly stabilize HMs in contaminated soils, the study of the relationship of soil properties to potential mechanisms still needs further clarification; hence the importance of assessing a naturally contaminated soil amended, in this case with Paulownia biochar (PB) and Bamboo biochar (BB) to fractionate Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu using short sequential fractionation plans. The relationship of soil pH and organic matter and its effect on the redistribution of these metals were estimated. The results indicated that the acid-soluble metals decreased while the fraction bound to organic matter increased compared to untreated pots. The increase in the organic matter metal-bound was mostly at the expense of the decrease in the acid extractable and Fe/Mn bound ones. The highest application of PB increased the organically bound fraction of Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu (62, 61, 34, and 61%, respectively), while the BB increased them (61, 49, 42, and 22%, respectively) over the control. Meanwhile, Fe/Mn oxides bound represents the large portion associated with zinc and copper. Concerning soil organic matter (SOM) and soil pH, as potential tools to reduce the risk of the target metals, a significant positive correlation was observed with acid-soluble extractable metal, while a negative correlation was obtained with organic matter-bound metal. The principal component analysis (PCA) shows that the total variance represents 89.7% for the TCPL-extractable and HMs forms and their relation to pH and SOM, which confirms the positive effect of the pH and SOM under PB and BB treatments on reducing the risk of the studied metals. The mobility and bioavailability of these metals and their geochemical forms widely varied according to pH, soil organic matter, biochar types, and application rates. As an environmentally friendly and economical material, biochar emphasizes its importance as a tool that makes the soil more suitable for safe cultivation in the short term and its long-term sustainability. This study proves that it reduces the mobility of HMs, their environmental risks and contributes to food safety. It also confirms that performing more controlled experiments, such as a pot, is a disciplined and effective way to assess the suitability of different types of biochar as soil modifications to restore HMs contaminated soil via controlling the mobilization of these minerals.

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