scholarly journals Soils of mountain floodplains in the zone of tectonic joints of Mongol-Okhotsk Orogenic Belt (Mongolia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 908 (1) ◽  
pp. 012035
Author(s):  
V L Ubugunov ◽  
L L Ubugunov ◽  
V I Ubugunova
Keyword(s):  
River Flow ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Orogenic Belt ◽  
Soil Diversity ◽  
Deep Waters ◽  
Tectonically Active ◽  
Parent Rocks ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Tectonic Movements ◽  
Sedimentation Conditions

Abstract New data on the soils of mountain floodplains in the tectonic joints zone of the Mongol-Okhotsk Orogenic Belt on the example of the Upper Kerulen Basin are presented. Soil diversity is mostly determined by sedimentation conditions and drainage of the parent rocks. There are alluvial–humus (Fluvisol (Humic)), mucky–humus (Folic Fluvisol), dark–humus (Fluvisol (Mollic)), dark–humus gley (Gleyic Fluvisol) and dark–humus saline soils (Sodic Gleyic Fluvisol (Mollic)) were diagnosed. Tectonic movements of the earth’s crust lead to the appearance of shaftlike linear dams, blocking river flow through the valley. So, the Kerulen river changed the direction of the channel and go beyond the depression, embedding into its mountain frame. Current seismicity impact on soils appears locally at tectonically active positions of epigenetic areas, close to outputs of saline underground deep waters, in the form of surface soil salinity and hydrometamorphism.

scholarly journals Groundwater / meltwater interaction in proglacial aquifers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brighid É Ó Dochartaigh ◽  
Alan M. MacDonald ◽  
Andrew R. Black ◽  
Jez Everest ◽  
Paul Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Groundwater Storage ◽  
Groundwater Dynamics ◽  
Aquifer Characteristics ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Precipitation Events

Abstract. Groundwater plays a significant role in glacial hydrology and can buffer changes to the timing and magnitude of meltwater flows. However, proglacial aquifer characteristics or groundwater dynamics in glacial catchments are rarely studied directly. We provide direct evidence of proglacial groundwater storage, and quantify multi-year groundwater-meltwater dynamics, through intensive and high resolution monitoring of the proglacial system of a rapidly retreating glacier, Virkisjökull, in SE Iceland. Proglacial unconsolidated glaciofluvial sediments comprise a highly permeable aquifer in which groundwater flow in the shallowest 20–40 m of the aquifer is equivalent to 4.5 % (2.6–5.8 %) of mean annual meltwater river flow, and 9.7 % (5.8–12.3 %) of winter flow. Groundwater flow through the entire aquifer thickness represents 9.8 % (3.6–21 %) of annual meltwater flow. Groundwater in the aquifer is actively recharged by local precipitation, both rainfall and snowmelt, and strongly influenced by individual precipitation events. Significant glacial meltwater influence on groundwater within the aquifer occurs in a 50–500 m river zone within which there are complex groundwater / meltwater exchanges. Stable isotopes, groundwater dynamics and temperature data demonstrate active recharge from river losses, especially in the summer melt season, with more than 25 % of groundwater in this part of the aquifer sourced from meltwater. Such proglacial aquifers are common globally, and future changes in glacier coverage and precipitation are likely to increase the significance of groundwater storage within them. The scale of proglacial groundwater flow and storage has important implications for measuring meltwater flux, for predicting future river flows, and for providing strategic water supplies in de-glaciating catchments.

Investigating the interactions among river flow, salinity and sea ice using a global coupled atmosphere—ocean—ice model

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Miller ◽  
Gary L. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
River Discharge ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Fram Strait ◽  
Ice Flow ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Ice Model

A global coupled atmosphere-ocean-ice model is used to examine the interdependence among several components of the hydrologic cycle in the Arctic Ocean, including river discharge, sea-ice cover, and the flow of sea ice through Fram Strait. Since the ocean model has a free surface, fresh-water inflow from rivers is added directly to the ocean. The timing of the peak spring river flow depends on snowmelt runoff and its subsequent routing through the river system. Thermodynamic sea ice is included, and a new sea-iee advection scheme is described. The model’s river discharge affects salinity at the mouth of large rivers. The effect of the river discharge on sea-ice cover is not clear, either locally or at the basin scale. There is significant inter-annual variability of ice flow through Fram Strait, but the model’s flow is about half of that observed. The anomalous ice flow through Fram Strait is most highly correlated with the meridional wind stress. Potential implications for the “great salinity” anomaly are discussed.

scholarly journals Investigating the interactions among river flow, salinity and sea ice using a global coupled atmosphere—ocean—ice model

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Miller ◽  
Gary L. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
River Discharge ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Fram Strait ◽  
Ice Flow ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Ice Model

A global coupled atmosphere-ocean-ice model is used to examine the interdependence among several components of the hydrologic cycle in the Arctic Ocean, including river discharge, sea-ice cover, and the flow of sea ice through Fram Strait. Since the ocean model has a free surface, fresh-water inflow from rivers is added directly to the ocean. The timing of the peak spring river flow depends on snowmelt runoff and its subsequent routing through the river system. Thermodynamic sea ice is included, and a new sea-iee advection scheme is described. The model’s river discharge affects salinity at the mouth of large rivers. The effect of the river discharge on sea-ice cover is not clear, either locally or at the basin scale. There is significant inter-annual variability of ice flow through Fram Strait, but the model’s flow is about half of that observed. The anomalous ice flow through Fram Strait is most highly correlated with the meridional wind stress. Potential implications for the “great salinity” anomaly are discussed.

2-D CFD Model for Free Surface River Flow with Tilt Rigid Leave of Submerged Vegetation

2012 ◽  
Vol 212-213 ◽  
pp. 332-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Hong Li ◽  
Li Quan Xie
Keyword(s):  
Free Surface ◽  
Velocity Profile ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Longitudinal Velocity ◽  
Submerged Vegetation ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Cfd Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vertical Velocity Profile ◽  
Flow Through

Keywords: river flow; two-dimensional CFD model; velocity profile; submerged vegetation leave Abstract. River flow with submerged foliage vegetation in straight and rectangular cross-sectional channel is numerically simulated through a vertical two-dimensional CFD model. Tilt thin strips are assigned in river flow to mimic the configuration of vegetation leave. The free surface line and the vertical profiles of longitudinal velocity are presented. The vertical velocity profile differs from the well acknowledged logarithmic or semi-logarithmic law. The submerged leave canopy resist the flow through it and pilots the flow upward over it, resulting in a decreased velocity within the canopy and an increased velocity above the canopy. The velocity profiles within the leave canopy are impacted by the configurations of the leave.

scholarly journals Large-scale scour in response to tidal dominance in estuaries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasper Leuven ◽  
Daan van Keulen ◽  
Jaap Nienhuis ◽  
Alberto Canestrelli ◽  
Ton Hoitink
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
River Discharge ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Tidal Flow ◽  
Tidal Energy ◽  
Local Flow ◽  
Flow Acceleration ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Tide Interaction

<p>Channel beds in estuaries and deltas often exhibit a local depth maximum at a location close to the coast. There are two known causes of large-scale (i.e. >10 river widths along-channel) channel bed scours: width constriction and draw down during river discharge extremes, both creating a local flow acceleration. Here, we systematically investigate a potential third mechanism. We study the effect of tidal dominance on the equilibrium channel bed in estuaries with a 1D-morphodynamic model. In estuaries, a morphodynamic equibrium is reached when the net (seaward) transport matches the upstream supply along the entire reach. The residual (river) current and river-tide interactions create seaward transport. Herein, river-tide interactions represent the seaward advection of tide-induced suspended sediment by the river flow. Tidal asymmetry typically creates landward transport. The main reason for scour formation is the amplification of tidal flow through funnelling of tidal energy. Only for a scouring profile the drop in river induced current magnitude reduces the river-tide interaction term, so that the net sediment transport matches the upstream sediment transport. When tidal influence is relatively large, and when channel convergence is strong, a equilibrium is only obtained with a scouring profile. We propose a predictor dependent on the width convergence, quantified as S<sub>B</sub>, and on the ratio between the specific peak tidal discharge at the mouth and the specific river discharge at the landward boundary (q<sub>tide</sub>/q<sub>river</sub>). Scours develop if (q<sub>tide</sub>/q<sub>river</sub>)/S<sub>B</sub> exceeds 0.3. These results are independent of scale and allow the prediction of scour in estuaries under future changes.</p>

Engineered river flow-through to improve mine pit lake and river values

2018 ◽  
Vol 640-641 ◽  
pp. 217-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherie D. McCullough ◽  
Martin Schultze
Keyword(s):  
River Flow ◽  
Pit Lake ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Mine Pit Lake

scholarly journals Analysis of the Potential Soil Parent rock Resources and Ecological Footprint in Jadaka, Kandahar, Kargo, Makada and Sarki Aska Villages of Dutse, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
pp. 12-24
Author(s):  
Usman S.
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Footprint ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood ◽  
Ecological Analysis ◽  
True Nature ◽  
Parent Rocks ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Major Surface ◽  
Rock Size

A study of the parent materials and ecological analysis, covering five sites of Dutse area in Jigawa State, Nigeria was undertaken; applying the concepts of visual assessment and ecological footprint to describe the biophysical condition of the rock particles and human economy. The objectives of the study were to classify the basic parent rocks and ecological footprints around them and to draw conclusions regarding the proper utilization of rocks and sustainable economic development in the area. Assessment activities were carried out based on four concepts, which are a description of the underlying parent rocks, geomorphic surface soil characteristics, measurement of the rock size and ecological footprint by human demand on rocks. Factors recounting the true nature and condition of parent rocks such as classes, type, texture, col- our, and pedogenesis were evaluated to guide biophysical characteristics of the rocks. The major surface features were recorded as anthropogenic-related to heating and breaking of rocks, cirque land, gullied land, and rock-outcrop. Data from the typical rock sizes in term of length and height were used for describing and contrasting the dimension of rock's formation and fragmentation in each site. This dimension was measured on average as 12.7 m Kargo, 10.8m Kandahar, 9.0 m Jadaka, 7.6 m Makada and 3.7m Sarkin Aska. Ecological footprint indicated that about 2.4 ha to 3.7 ha of the total rock areas are required to support the population of these villages. Proper utilization and management of the parent rocks can be used as a means of improving the sustainable livelihood of the population in the study sites.

scholarly journals Suvremene promjene klime i smanjenje protoka Save u Zagrebu

Geoadria ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Tomislav Šegota ◽  
Anita Filipčić
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Summer Precipitation ◽  
Downward Trend ◽  
Precipitation Trend ◽  
Sava River ◽  
Flow Through

Correlation coefficient of 0.81 between Sava River flow through Zagreb and precipitation in Ljubljana points at dominant significance of precipitation. In the warmest months Sava flow is very much dependent on evapotranspiration. Sava River flow has downward trend, and two intervals can be sharply distinguished: 1926-1959 and 1960-1995. That is the result of the identical precipitation trend at the Upper Sava. There is the trend of atmospheric pressure rise in the entire observed period. "Precipitation continentality" is characterized by change of trend. Share of "summer" precipitation has been declining since 1960. 

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