scholarly journals Valuation of rubber farming business in support of food security: a case study in Pulang Pisau Regency

2021 ◽  
Vol 917 (1) ◽  
pp. 012030
Author(s):  
N Parlinah ◽  
D Djaenudin ◽  
M Iqbal ◽  
Indartik ◽  
E Y Suryandari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Rubber Plantation ◽  
Access To Food ◽  
Marketing Chain

Abstract Government efforts to restore peat lands should consider to environmental benefits and considerable economic benefits for local communities. Rubber plant is one of the most cultivated commodities on peat lands and contributes to farmers’ income. Income from rubber business can improve their access to food sources to support food security. To ensure the sustainability of income from this business, this study aims to evaluate the rubber plantation business, map the marketing chain, and determine the contribution to household income. The research location is in Buntoi and Mantaren 1 villages, Pulang Pisau Regency, Central Kalimantan Province. Data are collected through in-depth interviews with farmers and rubber commodity marketers. The business valuation methods use Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Benefit Cost Ratio (B/C Ratio). The results of the analysis show that the rubber plantation business meets the criteria for feasibility with a positive NPV value (cash inflow is greater than cash outflow), IRR is greater than the rate of return, and B/C is above 1. The rubber commodity marketing chain consists of farmers, traders, business groups, and processing industries. Farmers as producers play an essential role in ensuring the sustainability of the products released by considering the environmental aspects of the peat ecosystem characteristics. On the other hand, the processing industry plays an important role as a potential partner who can work directly with farmers/communities to guarantee the products released by the community and increase the added value of the products. Income from the rubber business has an important role in household income as well as supporting economic access to food.

scholarly journals Household Income Diversification and Food Security: Evidence from Rural and Semi-Urban Areas in Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bekele Gebisa Etea ◽  
Deyi Zhou ◽  
Kidane Assefa Abebe ◽  
Dessalegn Anshiso Sedebo
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Income Diversification ◽  
Access To Food

Reducing food insecurity remains a major public policy challenge in developing countries. Food insecurity becomes severe in areas where households highly depend on undiversified livelihoods. However, studies linking household income diversification to food security are limited. This study, therefore, examined the effect of income diversification on food security in the Ambo district, Ethiopia. A survey of rural (n = 175) and semi-urban (n = 175) households was conducted. The Simpson’s index of diversity (SID) was used to measure the level of household income diversity. Food security (access) was measured using the daily calorie consumption (nutrition-based) and the household food insecurity access scale (HFIAS) (experience-based) methods. Consequently, we used binary logistic regression and ordinary least squares (OLS) estimation methods to determine the effect of household income diversity on food security. The instrumental variable (IV) method was also employed to overcome an endogeneity bias. The results revealed that the level of household income diversification was low, and the majority of households were food insecure. The binary logistic and the second-stage least square (2SLS) regression results suggested that income diversification contributes significantly and positively to food security in the study areas. Therefore, we conclude that income diversification reduces food insecurity by enhancing households’ access to food.

scholarly journals Implications of Covid-19 Pandemic on Household Food Security: Experience from Sarawak, Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Regina Garai Abdullah ◽  
Neilson Ilan Mersat ◽  
Swee-Kiong Wong
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Control Order ◽  
Access To Food ◽  
The Way

This paper discusses how household food security is affected by the Covid-19 pandemic, using examples from Sarawak, Malaysia. Food security in Sarawak was affected by the implementation of the Movement Control Order (MCO) that was introduced to curb the spread of the Covid-19 disease. The MCO, and the subsequent phases that followed, imposed a varying degree of restrictions on movements in the country. This measure had serious repercussions on food security as it affects the distribution of food as well as how people access food. This raises questions of how secure households are in terms of food security, how do they ensure food security for their households and what are their greatest challenge in ensuring food security. This paper seeks to address those questions by examining the experiences and perceptions on food security during the pandemic based on the responses of 235 respondents. Findings indicated that most households are food secure i.e. having similar access to food as prior to MCO and have not skipped any meals. In order to achieve this, households had to resort to various measures including switching their food sources, shopping online, and going without their preferred food. Significantly, the finding shows that food security means more than just having enough food but should also incorporate elements of variety, types and quantity of food. It also shows that the greatest challenge in achieving and maintaining household food security lies in the way household cope with the changes brought, both directly and indirectly, by the pandemic.

scholarly journals Mora: ¿Fuente De Ingresos Para Productores Y Comercializadores?. Un Enfoque Desde El Análisis De La Dinámica Del Mercado De Las Familias De La Ciudad De Riobamba. Estudio De Caso: Parroquia El Altar, Ecuador.

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 399
Author(s):  
Gabriela Natalí Fonseca Romero ◽  
Danny Daniel Castillo Vizuete ◽  
Luis Alberto Quevedo Báez
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Production System ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Dynamic Element ◽  
Estudio De Caso

Agriculture is one of the main economic activities in Ecuador, and it is fundamental to an economy in terms of food security. Currently, the country is involved in a process of changing its production system. Its main objective is to carry out the substitution of exports for imports and the generation of added value. In order to achieve these goals, agriculture is considered as a dynamic element of the rural Andean regions. El Altar is a rural parish located in the Penipe area of Chimborazo Province. Due to its particular geographical location, El Altar has several climates ranging from the subtropical to the high altitude plane. This climate facilitates the development of a heterogeneous agriculture. In this mix, the cultivation of blackberries has developed into an important economy activity for the parish inhabitants. Consequently, based on an analysis of the demand of the competition and a calculation of the objective demand, we determined the likely acceptance of families in Riobamba to consume the blackberries cultivated in the El Altar parish. Also, we ascertain the possibility of the producers to expand their market and the profit the seller could receive. In conclusion, it was found that families in Riobamba would like to consume the blackberry cultivated from El Altar. However, this activity could generate significant economic benefits for the producers and commercial sellers of this fruit.

scholarly journals On-farm trees are a safety net for the poorest households rather than a major contributor to food security in Rwanda

Food Security ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Ndoli ◽  
Athanase Mukuralinda ◽  
Antonius G. T. Schut ◽  
Miyuki Iiyama ◽  
Jean Damascene Ndayambaje ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Income Sources ◽  
Agroforestry Practice ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Agroforestry Practices

AbstractThe world is challenged to meet the food demand of a growing population, especially in developing countries. Given the ambitious plans to scale up agroforestry in Africa, an improved understanding of the effect of agroforestry practices on the already challenged food security of rural households is crucial. The present study was undertaken to assess how on-farm trees impacted food security in addition to other household income sources in Rwanda. In each of the six agroecologies of Rwanda, a stratified sampling procedure was used where two administrative cells (4th formal administrative level) were selected in which households were randomly selected for interviews. A survey including 399 farmers was conducted and farmers were grouped in three types of agroforestry practice (i) low practitioners (LAP) represented by the first tertile, (ii) medium practitioners (MAP) represented by the second tertile and (iii) high practitioners (HAP) represented by the third tertile of households in terms of tree number. Asset values, household income sources, crop production, farm size, crop yield, and food security (food energy needs) were quantified among the types of agroforestry practice. A larger proportion of HAP households had access to adequate quantity and diversity of food when compared with MAP and LAP households. Food security probability was higher for households with more resources, including land, trees and livestock, coinciding with an increased crop and livestock income. We found no difference in asset endowment among types of agroforestry practices, while farmers in agroecologies with smaller farms (0.42 ha to 0.66 ha) had more on-farm trees (212 to 358 trees per household) than farms in agroecologies with larger farms (0.96 ha to 1.23 ha) which had 49 to 129 trees per household, probably due to differences in biophysical conditions. A positive association between tree density and food security was found in two out of six agroecologies. The proportion of income that came from tree products was high (> 20%) for a small fraction of farmers (12%), with the more food insecure households relying more on income from tree products than households with better food security status. Thus, tree income can be percieved as a “safety net” for the poorest households.

scholarly journals Rainwater Harvesting Potentials in Commercial Buildings in Dhaka: Reliability and Economic Analysis

Hydrology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Md. Rezaul Karim ◽  
B. M. Sadman Sakib ◽  
Sk. Sadman Sakib ◽  
Monzur Alam Imteaz
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Commercial Buildings ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Rainwater Tank ◽  
Catchment Areas

Despite numerous studies on residential rainwater tank, studies on commercial rainwater tank are scarce. Corporate authorities pay little heed on this sustainable feature. With the aim of encouraging corporate authorities, this study presents the feasibility and economic benefits of rainwater harvesting (RWH) in commercial buildings in the capital city of Bangladesh, where water authority struggles to maintain town water supply. The analysis was conducted using a daily water balance model under three climate scenarios (wet, dry and normal year) for five commercial buildings having catchment areas varying from 315 to 776 m2 and the storage tank capacity varying from 100 to 600 m3. It was found that for a water demand of 30 L per capita per day (lpcd), about 11% to 19% and 16% to 26.80% of the annual water demand can be supplemented by rainwater harvesting under the normal year and wet year climate conditions, respectively. The payback periods are found to be very short, only 2.25 to 3.75 years and benefit–cost (B/C) ratios are more than 1.0, even for building having the smallest catchment area (i.e., 315 m2) and no significant overflow would occur during monsoon, which leads to both economic and environmental benefits. Though the findings cannot be translated to other cities as those are dependent on factors like water price, interest rate, rainfall amount and pattern, however other cities having significant rainfall amounts should conduct similar studies to expedite implementations of widescale rainwater harvesting.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Effect of Payment Mechanism on Exploitation of Polymetallic Nodules in the Area

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Chang Liu ◽  
Sihan Su ◽  
Mengdan Li ◽  
Shaojun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Financial Model ◽  
Payment Mechanism ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Internal Rate ◽  
Payment Mechanisms

The international seabed area (i.e., the “Area”) is rich in mineral resources. According to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and the relevant implemented agreements, in 2012, the International Seabed Authority (ISA) began to develop the regulations for the exploitation of mineral resources in the Area. The most important part of the regulations involves determining the distribution of benefits from the exploitation of mineral resources in the Area between the ISA and the contractors. The establishment of a financial model to evaluate the economic benefits and compare the distribution scheme was the basic method relied on in the current study of payment mechanism. According to the characteristics of the exploitation project of mineral resources in the Area, the discounted cash flow method was selected to construct the financial model. Taking China’s deep-sea mineral resources development project in the Area as the background, the main parameters of the model were determined. A comparative study of similar financial models with Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and other foreign countries was carried out, in addition to a sensitivity analysis of parameters. On the basis of the assurance that the contractor’s internal rate of return was not lower than the level of the land mining enterprise, the financial model was used to calculate the internal rate of return and the revenue of royalty under different payment mechanisms and rates. The advantages and disadvantages of different payment mechanisms in the exploitation of mineral resources in the area were analyzed. Lastly, the possible impacts of deep-sea polymetallic nodule mining on Terrestrial metal markets were highlighted.

scholarly journals Impact of fall armyworm invasion on household income and food security in Zimbabwe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justice A. Tambo ◽  
Monica K. Kansiime ◽  
Ivan Rwomushana ◽  
Idah Mugambi ◽  
Winnie Nunda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Fall Armyworm

scholarly journals Eating rough: food sources and acquisition practices of homeless young people in Adelaide, South Australia

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue Booth
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Homeless Youth ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Food Acquisition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Related Services ◽  
City Agencies

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the food sources and acquisition practices used by homeless youth in Adelaide. This work is part of a larger study that aimed to examine the extent and nature of food insecurity among homeless youth.DesignCross-sectional design involving quantitative and qualitative methods.SettingFour health and welfare inner-city agencies serving homeless youth in Adelaide, South Australia.SubjectsA sample of 150 homeless youth aged between 15 and 24 years recruited from these agencies. Fifteen were selected via snowball sampling for interview.ResultsUse of welfare food sources was high (63%). Food from welfare agencies was supplemented by unorthodox food acquisition methods such as theft (65%), begging for money for food (61%), begging for food items (44%) and asking for help from friends and relatives (34%). Reasons given for non-usage of welfare food services included affordability, access, being too busy, shame or embarrassment.ConclusionsFood insecurity is a salient issue for some homeless youth in Adelaide. Clarifying food acquisition practices of food-insecure homeless youth is essential for rational planning and improvement of food-related services to meet their needs. Such an understanding also underpins the development of broader public policy responses that improve individual and household skills and resources to acquire food and ensure food security. Nutrition professionals, welfare professionals and policy-makers need to work sensitively with welfare food agencies and others to improve food access and food security for homeless youth.

Study on Mechanism of Molybdenum Concentrate Carbon-Free Roasting

2012 ◽  
Vol 588-589 ◽  
pp. 1685-1688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lian Yong Wang ◽  
Jing Fan Zhang ◽  
Lei Dai ◽  
Jiu Ju Cai
Keyword(s):  
Technical Analysis ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Thermal Balance ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Heat Of Reaction ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Operating Process ◽  
Output Quality ◽  
Molybdenum Concentrate

Technical analysis was used to analyze the roasting of molybdenum concentrate on the basis of thermal balance test of rotary furnaces used for Roasting, and the results indicate that, on the condition of commercial production, the Roasting of MoS2 can occur spontaneously because the heat of reaction is so much that proper cooling measures should be adopted in case overheating happens. According to above analysis, carbon-free roasting technology of molybdenum concentrate was proposed in this paper. The results, which come from thermal balance test and technical analysis of rotary furnaces used for carbon-free roasting of molybdenum concentrate, indicate that outer heat source used in traditional Roasting technology is not needed in carbon-free roasting technology, because enough heat is generated during Roasting to ensure spontaneous reaction. In fact, heating is not needed in operating process except at the beginning, to make molybdenum concentrate catching fire, and when reaction completing, to remove residual sulphur. The technology in this paper is obviously advantageous in aspects of energy saving, output, quality of production, heat loss, the concentration of SO2 in flue gas, etc. and will have remarkable environmental benefits, economic benefits and social benefits.

The Perceived Impacts of Sport Tourism: An Urban Host Community Perspective

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Hritz ◽  
Craig Ross
Keyword(s):  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Host Community ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Sport Tourism ◽  
Tourism Impacts ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Perceived Impacts ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Social Environmental

Sport tourism is one of the fastest growing market segments in the tourism industry and is receiving increased attention for its social, environmental, and economic impacts upon destinations. Prior research in tourism impacts has tended to focus exclusively on tourism as a whole and does not differentiate among the different types of tourism that may be present in a destination. The purpose of this study was to examine how residents of Indianapolis, Indiana perceived the impacts sport tourism has upon their city. A total of 347 surveys were returned in a mailed questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a four factor structure of social benefits, environmental benefits, economic benefits, and general negative impacts. Social and economic benefits were strong predictors for support for further sport tourism development revealing a strong identification with the advantages of sport tourism in their city such as an increased cultural identity and social interaction opportunities.

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