scholarly journals The Effectiveness of the Growth of a Consortium of Bacillus cereus Bacteria with Different Protein Sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 934 (1) ◽  
pp. 012020
Author(s):  
F Feliatra ◽  
U M Batubara ◽  
P R Mukti ◽  
V A Feliatra ◽  
I Efendi
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Stationary Phases ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Carbohydrate Source ◽  
Cell Biomass ◽  
Culture Growth

Abstract One of the benefits of probiotic bacteria is to become a source of protein that can be used as a product in the field of biotechnology with high use value. Proteins derived from bacteria are less widely used compared to animals and fungi. The aim of this study is to analyze the composition of the media and the optimal time for the growth of a consortium of Bacillus cereus bacteria. The experimental method used is a consortium of B. cereus bacteria isolates (5 Strains) six treatments in each B. cereus consortium, namely the addition of a different protein source (eggs and skim milk, the same carbohydrate source, namely Sago) and 3 different concentrations in each protein source (8%, 10%, and 12%) so that the treatment obtained was 6 treatments with 3 replications in each treatment. Measurement of bacterial culture growth was carried out every 6 hours for 24 hours using two methods, namely the TPC method and bacterial cell biomass. Optimal growth was found in sago media which was added in different concentrations, namely 12% due to growth in this medium which was close to the same results as growth in positive control. Growth on biomass measurements showed similar results to the growth pattern similar to TPC. While in milk sago media, the growth is less because the exponential and stationary phases are shorter.

scholarly journals Potential of Bacillus cereus SN7 as a Single Cell Protein Source

2021 ◽  
Vol 2049 (1) ◽  
pp. 012024
Author(s):  
F Feliatra ◽  
M Mardalisa ◽  
P R Mukti ◽  
V A Feliatra ◽  
I Effendi
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Single Cell Protein ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Carbohydrate Source ◽  
Average Growth

Abstract Single-cell protein (SCP) is a protein source produced from single-cell organisms, one of which is bacteria. Bacillus cereus SN7 is a potential isolate from a group of heterotrophic bacteria that has been isolated from the mouth of the Siak River, Riau Province, Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the potential of B. cereus SN7 bacteria using different growth media. The method used is an experimental method using Bacillus cereus SN7 bacterial isolate with different protein sources (eggs and skim milk) at different concentrations (8%, 10%, and 12%). All of treatments used the same carbohydrate source, Sago with 3 replications in each treatment. Measurement of bacterial culture growth was carried out every 6 hours, 12 hours, 18 hours and 24 hours based on the total plate count (TPC) method and bacterial cell biomass. The result show that the most optimal growth potential for Bacillus cereus SN7 bacteria is sago media added with 12% egg white as a protein source. This data have the same results as growth in commercial culture media (control). The growth of Bacillus cereus SN7 isolates in each treatment medium had almost the same growth pattern at the beginning, which experienced an exponential phase at 6 to 12 hours of incubation time. Meanwhile, in milk sago media, the average growth was not very good because the exponential and stationary phases were shorter.

scholarly journals Enterotoxin Production in Natural Isolates of Bacillaceae outside the Bacillus cereus Group

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 3147-3151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca J. Phelps ◽  
John L. McKillip
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Food System ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Bacillus Pasteurii ◽  
Model Food ◽  
Natural Isolates

ABSTRACT Thirty-nine Bacillus strains obtained from a variety of environmental and food sources were screened by PCR for the presence of five gene targets (hblC, hblD, hblA, nheA, and nheB) in two enterotoxin operons (HBL and NHE) traditionally harbored by Bacillus cereus. Seven isolates exhibited a positive signal for at least three of the five possible targets, including Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, B. cereus, Bacillus circulans, Bacillus lentimorbis, Bacillus pasteurii, and Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. PCR amplicons were confirmed by restriction enzyme digest patterns compared to a positive control strain. Enterotoxin gene expression of each strain grown in a model food system (skim milk) was monitored by gene-specific reverse transcription-PCR and confirmed with the Oxoid RPLA and Tecra BDE commercial kits. Lecithinase production was noted on egg yolk-polymyxin B agar for all strains except B. lentimorbis, whereas discontinuous beta hemolysis was exhibited by all seven isolates grown on 5% sheep blood agar plates. The results of this study confirm the presence of enterotoxin genes in natural isolates of Bacillus spp. outside the B. cereus group and the ability of these strains to produce toxins in a model food system under aerated conditions at 32°C.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effect of Macronutrients Combination on Blood Sugar Levels in Healthy Individuals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berrak BASTURK ◽  
Zeynep KOC OZERSON ◽  
Aysun YUKSEL
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Carbohydrate Source ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
Mean Blood Glucose

Background: The positive effects of blood glucose levels should be demonstrated in healthy or type 2 diabetic individuals who can be recommended to consume macronutrients (protein + fat) with carbohydrates. Therefore, at the end of the research planned with the amount of carbohydrates and fats that can be consumed in a meal, we aimed to recommend the consumption of food with high protein content egg together with the carbohydrate source. Methods: The study was carried out from Nov 2017 to Apr 2018 by looking at fasting blood glucose levels using feeding 2 different test foods on a minimum of 8 h of fasting in the Haliç University Sutluce Campus, Istanbul, Turkey. Before and after the carbohydrate and carbohydrate + protein source, blood glucose was measured from the fingertip for 3 days in 30 min, 60 min and 120 min periods. The average of 3 days was used in the analysis. Results: Blood glucose values were compared after individuals were given carbohydrate and carbohydrate + protein source. The mean blood glucose value 60 min after the carbohydrate administration was significantly higher than the average blood glucose value 60 min after the carbohydrate + protein administration (P= 0.006). Conclusion: A protein-containing diet positively affects the glycemia response and can recommend it. In individuals with diabetes, they should focus on the effects of proteins to achieve glycemia control.

Collaborative Study of Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in Filter Paper Disks Impregnated with Skim Milk: Positive Control Sample

1982 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. K. MURTHY ◽  
J. T. PEELER
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Colorimetric Test

The rapid colorimetric test was used in a collaborative study to determine alkaline phosphatase activity in filter paper disks impregnated with skim milk then dried and stored for several months at room temperature. Five samples of filter paper disks (0 to 6 μg phenol/disk) in duplicate were sent to six collaborators for analysis. Computations of analytical and analyst errors showed variations of 22.2 to 48.8%. Most of the variations were due to differences among analysts, but some were partly due to differences in the slopes of the calibration curves (a = 0.05 level) they prepared at the time of analysis. Collaborator's performance was evaluated by comparing % correct results that were positive (negative) with the expected results. About 95% of the samples were correctly analyzed.

Estimation of microbial N yield on red clover silages supplemented with barley by rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC)

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 51-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Jaurena ◽  
J. M. Moorby ◽  
D. R. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Red Clover ◽  
Simulation Technique ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Carbohydrate Source ◽  
Low Input ◽  
Optimum Rate ◽  
N Yield ◽  
Microbial N

Despite many promising characteristics as a low-input home-grown protein source, red clover (Cv) silage supplies deficient amounts of rumen available carbohydrates to allow an efficient use of the available forms of soluble N. An in vitro experiment was designed in order to determine the optimum rate of inclusion of a rumen degradable carbohydrate source to optimise rumen microbial N yield of Cv silage.

scholarly journals Differential Expression of Proteins and Genes in the Lag Phase of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis Grown in Synthetic Medium and Reconstituted Skim Milk

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 1173-1179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadja Larsen ◽  
Mette Boye ◽  
Henrik Siegumfeldt ◽  
Mogens Jakobsen
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Lactococcus Lactis ◽  
Stationary Phases ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Nucleotide Metabolism ◽  
Lag Phase

ABSTRACT We investigated protein and gene expression in the lag phase of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis CNRZ 157 and compared it to the exponential and stationary phases. By means of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, 28 highly expressed lag-phase proteins, implicated in nucleotide metabolism, glycolysis, stress response, translation, transcription, cell division, amino acid metabolism, and coenzyme synthesis, were identified. Among the identified proteins, >2-fold induction and down-regulation in the lag phase were determined for 12 proteins in respect to the exponential phase and for 18 proteins in respect to the stationary phase. Transcriptional changes of the lag-phase proteins in L. lactis were studied by oligonucleotide microarrays. Good correlation between protein and gene expression studies was demonstrated for several differentially expressed proteins, including nucleotide biosynthetic enzymes, adenylosuccinate synthase (PurA), IMP dehydrogenase (GuaB), and aspartate carbamoyl transferase (PyrB); heat-shock protein DnaK; serine hydroxymethyl transferase (GlyA); carbon catabolite control protein (CcpA); elongation factor G (FusA); and cell division protein (FtsZ).

Commensalism and Competition in Mixed Cultures of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus1

1976 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 337-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
NANCY J. MOON ◽  
G. W. REINBOLD
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Stationary Phases ◽  
Exponential Phase ◽  
Mixed Cultures ◽  
Lactobacillus Bulgaricus ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
Limiting Nutrients ◽  
Culture Growth

Cultures of Streptococcus thermophilis and Lactobacillus bulgaricus produced more acid in mixed than in single strain culture. Growth of S. thermophilus in mixed culture was enhanced during the exponential phase and reached higher numbers in the stationary phase than when grown alone. L. bulgaricus was inhibited in the exponential and stationary phases of growth in mixed culture. L. bulgaricus liberated Seitz-filterable compounds during its growth that stimulated growth and acid production of S. thermophilus. These compounds are believed to be responsible for the commensal response observed in mixed cultures. Because of its rapid growth, S. thermophilus was a better competitor than L. bulgaricus for limiting nutrients in the medium. This resulted in inhibition of the growth of L. bulgaricus. The competitive and commensal response was optimal at 37 C and at a ratio of numbers of lactobacilli to streptococci of 2:1 at inoculation.

scholarly journals Effect of an Italian propolis on the growth of Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus in milk and whey cheese

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Pedonese ◽  
Giada Verani ◽  
Beatrice Torracca ◽  
Barbara Turchi ◽  
Antonio Felicioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Cow's Milk

Propolis antimicrobial activity has been limitedly studied in food, particularly in dairy products. We studied the antimicrobial activity of an alcoholic extract of an Italian propolis in sterile skim milk, pasteurized cow’s milk, and cow’s and goat’s whey cheese (ricotta). Following the determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration on Gram+ and Gram- bacteria, the extract was employed at 2 and 5% (P2, P5), using controls with the same ethanol concentrations (E2, E5) and without any addition. In milk trials, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Pseudomonas fluorescens were tested. P2 and P5 samples registered significant decreases of Gram+ bacteria in skim milk. The same was true for P5 in cows’ milk, but only with S. aureus for P2. Ricotta was inoculated with L. monocytogenes, S. aureus and B. cereus and stored at 8.5°C. In cow’s milk ricotta, L. monocytogenes counts in P5 were always lower than control during the storage time, significantly so from the 14th day. In goat’s ricotta, L. monocytogenes counts in P5 were at least one logarithm lower than E5, whereas the extract didn’t show a significant effect on S. aureus and B. cereus. The antimicrobial activity of propolis, particularly on L. monocytogenes, could be employed in ready-to-eat refrigerated dairy products.

EFFECT OF A SKIM MILK SUPPLEMENT ON GROWTH AND BODY COMPOSITION OF SUCKLED PIGS

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 507-509
Author(s):  
N. K. SARKAR ◽  
J. I. ELLIOT ◽  
G. A. LODGE
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Excess Energy ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Suckling Period ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference

Sows’ milk contains more fat than is required for optimal growth of the baby pig. The possibility of diverting this excess energy from deposition as fat to promotion of protein synthesis by providing a high protein-low fat skim milk supplement from 2 to 20 days of age during the suckling period was investigated. Pigs that received the milk supplement gained 12.5% more (P < 0.05) from 2 to 20 days of age than those reared exclusively on the sow and reached market weight (90 kg) 7 days earlier. At 35 days of age there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in weight gain between the two treatment groups. Although no significant differences were found (P > 0.05) in carcass composition between the pigs of the two treatment groups, there seemed to be a slightly greater tendency, based on protein: ether extract ratio, for the pigs on the milk supplement to synthesize more protein than the pigs of the control group between 2 and 35 days of age. There was no significant difference in carcass composition at market weight.

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