scholarly journals Impact of impulse irrigation in different phases of the growing season on rice yield in the Krasnodar Territory

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (2) ◽  
pp. 022115
Author(s):  
N Malysheva ◽  
S Kizinek ◽  
A Khadzhidi ◽  
E Kuznetsov ◽  
L Kravchenko
Keyword(s):  
Water Regime ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Rice Irrigation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Intensive Variety

Abstract The article presents a study of water consumption of rice crops during periodic irrigation in various interphase periods of the growing season. The experiments were carried out on a plot of 21.2 hectares in the rice-growing enterprise of the RBF “Krasnoarmeysky”. The object of the study is an intensive variety of Rapan rice of Russian selection. The subject of the study is the water regime during the growing season of rice. It was found that the transition to intermittent irrigation during the growing season of rice “germination-tillering”, “loading-flowering” and “maturation” allowed to reduce the irrigation rate by 11.4, 5.1, 1.5%, respectively, compared with traditional methods of rice irrigation. The results of harvesting rice grains showed that the average yield according to the experiment was 75.7 c/ha, which is more than in the control by 1.2 c/ha. Additional profit from increasing the yield on the experimental variants ranged from 1,440 rubles/ha to 2,880 rubles/ha, net profit - from 480 rubles/ha to 960 rubles/ha. The total economic effect of the introduction of the pulse irrigation mode into production in various interphase periods of rice cultivation ranged from 549.83 rubles/ha to 1490.71 rubles/ha.

scholarly journals Effect of Digestate and Straw Combined Application on Maintaining Rice Production and Paddy Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5714
Author(s):  
Xue Hu ◽  
Hongyi Liu ◽  
Chengyu Xu ◽  
Xiaomin Huang ◽  
Min Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Straw Decomposition ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Combined Application

Few studies have focused on the combined application of digestate and straw and its feasibility in rice production. Therefore, we conducted a two-year field experiment, including six treatments: without nutrients and straw (Control), digestate (D), digestate + fertilizer (DF), digestate + straw (DS), digestate + fertilizer + straw (DFS) and conventional fertilizer + straw (CS), to clarify the responses of rice growth and paddy soil nutrients to different straw and fertilizer combinations. Our results showed that digestate and straw combined application (i.e., treatment DFS) increased rice yield by 2.71 t ha−1 compared with the Control, and digestate combined with straw addition could distribute more nitrogen (N) to rice grains. Our results also showed that the straw decomposition rate at 0 cm depth under DS was 5% to 102% higher than that under CS. Activities of catalase, urease, sucrase and phosphatase at maturity under DS were all higher than that under both Control and CS. In addition, soil organic matter (SOM) and total nitrogen (TN) under DS and DFS were 20~26% and 11~12% higher than that under B and DF respectively, suggesting straw addition could benefit paddy soil quality. Moreover, coupling straw and digestate would contribute to decrease the N content in soil surface water. Overall, our results demonstrated that digestate and straw combined application could maintain rice production and have potential positive paddy environmental effects.

scholarly journals Genetic loci regulating cadmium content in rice grains

Euphytica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 217 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth J. Norton ◽  
Anthony Travis ◽  
Panthita Ruang-areerate ◽  
Graeme W. Nicol ◽  
Ayotunde A. Adeosun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Chromosome 9 ◽  
Chromosome 7 ◽  
Cadmium Content ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Water Treatments ◽  
Grain Cadmium

AbstractIt has been estimated that up to 90% of human exposure to cadmium is through food, and that cadmium within rice grains can be a major contributor to that dietary source. In this study genome wide association mapping was conducted on the Bengal and Assam Aus Panel (BAAP) of rice to identify quantitative trait loci and candidate genes for lowering grain cadmium. Field experiments were conducted over two years under two different irrigation systems: continually flooded and alternate wetting and drying (AWD). There was significant effects of water treatment, genotype, and genotype by water treatment interaction. Importantly, AWD increased grain cadmium, on average, by 49.6% and 108.8% in year 1 and 2 respectively. There was between 4.6 and 28 fold variation in cadmium concentration. A total of 58 QTLs were detected but no loci are clearly specific to one water regime despite approximately 20% of variation attributable to genotype by water regime interaction. A number of QTLs were consistent across most water treatments and years. These included QTLs on chromosome 7 (7.23–7.61, 8.93–9.04, and 29.12–29.14 Mbp), chromosome 5 (8.66–8.72 Mbp), and chromosome 9 (11.46–11.64 Mbp). Further analysis of the loci on chromosome 7 (8.93–9.04 Mbp), identified the candidate gene OsNRAMP1, where cultivars with a deletion upstream of the gene had higher concentrations of cadmium compared to the cultivars that did not have the deletion. The distribution of alleles within the BAAP suggest this QTL is easily detected in this population because it is composed of aus cultivars. Local genome cluster analysis suggest high Cd alleles are uncommon, but should be avoided in breeding.

FEATURES OF THE WATER REGIME IN THE CHERNOZEM UNDER THE STANDS OF POPLAR BIRCH AND ITS REGULATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
S.V. Makarychev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Ecological Balance

Forest stands of the arboretum contribute to the preservation of ecological balance on the territory of Barnaul. It contains a large number of tree species, one of which is poplar birch (Betulapopulifolia). The article shows that over the years of research, the water regime in the Chernozem profile under birch stands remains tense for most of the growing season, so there is a need to use irrigation with different irrigation standards, depending on the emerging hydrological state.

scholarly journals Impact of irrigation techniques on rice yield and dynamics of zinc in plants and soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 135-142
Author(s):  
Phuong Dinh Thi Lan ◽  
Nga Nguyen Thi Hang ◽  
Hoa Nguyen Thanh
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Red River ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Flood Irrigation ◽  
Red River Delta ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Zn Concentration

Zinc (Zn) insufficiency and water deficiency are primary challenges in intensive rice production systems. This study aims to examine the influence of two irrigation regimes, flood irrigation (FI) and water-saving irrigation (WSI), on rice grain yield and mobile Zn accumulation in soil and rice grains. Experiments were conducted in An Vien rice fields in the Tien Lu district, Hung Yen province, located in the middle of the Red River delta during four rice seasons from 2015 to 2016. The results showed that the WSI regime dramatically increased the grain yield and Zn concentrations in grain of rice. Grain yield was increased by 14.76% and grain Zn concentration by 17.93% when compared with the FI regime. The decrease in the mobile Zn concentration in soil was only 5.7% in the WSI technique, compared with 73.6% for FI techniques. Therefore, it can be concluded that WSI can be effective agricultural practice to elevate grain yield and increase Zn retention in soil and bioavailability in rice grains.

scholarly journals Productivity, quality and efficiency of spring durum wheat cultivation when treating crops with a biological product

2021 ◽  
Vol 845 (1) ◽  
pp. 012026
Author(s):  
V A Sergeeva ◽  
A A Muravyov ◽  
L M Vlasova
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Direct Proportion ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Biological Product ◽  
Grain Processing ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Control Variant

Abstract The production experiments were carried out based on the farm “Yaroslav the Wise” of the Starooskol district of the Belgorod region. The article studies the effect of the biological product Biogor KM during the pre-sowing treatment of grain in combination with double spraying of growing plants of spring durum wheat Dar Chernozemya 2. One of the experiments provides for grain processing with the period of “germination-ripening” of its wheat plants reduced by 8 days. The second variant, in addition to processing the grain, had two sprayings carried out during the growing season. The second experiment lasted even less by 12 days in comparison with the control variant. The article establishes the positive influence of the biological product on the formation of the productivity structure of spring durum wheat plants. Grain processing in combination with spraying during the growing season led to the formation of the best productivity structure: plant height was 39% higher, the number of spikelets was 41.8% higher, the number of spikelets was higher by 35.3%, and the grain weight per spike was 39.2%. versus the control variant. The yield in the experiment was in direct proportion to the method of application of the biological product and the conditions of the growing season. The largest increase in yield - 0.40 t / ha or 14.5% was obtained in the variant with grain processing in combination with double spraying of plants during the growing season, the average yield for the studied period was 3.14 t / ha and was maximum, indicators of economic and bioenergy efficiency was also the best.

scholarly journals Management of the formation of stocks of material resources of the enterprise

2021 ◽  
pp. 191-197
Author(s):  
A. Sumets
Keyword(s):  
Economic Effect ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Analog Model ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprise ◽  
Logistics System ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
The Impact

The article deals with the problem of forming a reasonable level of stocks of material resources of the logistics system of a manufacturing enterprise. It was stated that in the share of material resources of industrial enterprises, the leading place is occupied by stocks of raw materials, materials, semi-finished products, and blanks. The latter belong to the category of inventories. Therefore, the management of this type of material resources is one of the most urgent tasks for enterprises. In this regard, there is a need for a modern approach to the problem of managing stocks of material resources and the economic assessment of the profitability of creating production and commercial stocks. And at the same time, one of the important questions is to determine their optimal volume. It was found that when forming stocks of material resources, it is necessary to simultaneously comply with the requirements for the sufficiency of their volume to ensure the normal operation of the enterprise's logistics system, to reduce their volume as much as possible while increasing the degree of mobility, and to minimize the total costs associated with the formation of stocks. An analog model for assessing the economic efficiency of the influence of changes in the size of the stock of material resources on the comparative economic effect of the logistics activities of an enterprise is proposed for practical use. This model takes into account the causal relationship between natural (partial) and cost (generalizing) indicators of the inventory management system of material resources and provides an opportunity to calculate the comparative economic effect of changes in the volume of inventories at the enterprise. In practice, this will make it possible to economically substantiate the decision on the need to form stocks of one or another type of material resources. It is shown that the economic effect of the functioning of the logistics system of a manufacturing enterprise is significantly influenced by the growth of fixed and circulating assets. To determine the assessment of the impact of the growth of fixed and current assets on the value of the economic effect, an analog model is proposed. The main structural elements of such a model are an increase in capital investments in fixed assets, an increase in profits from product sales, a change in logistics costs, an increase (savings) in investment in current assets, a change in the cost of production. These factors are directly related to the growth of depreciation charges, the increase in profits from the acceleration of inventory turnover and the increase in net profit. Taking into account the results of the studies performed, it was found that the economic effect is formed by the total discounted net profit and the amount of depreciation (provided there are no penalties) minus the total additional capital investments in the enterprise. To calculate the economic effect, a corresponding mathematical relationship is proposed. The key words: enterprise, stock, stock size, material resources, evaluation, relative economic effect.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Different Crop Models for Simulating Rice Development and Yield in the U.S. Mississippi Delta

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1905
Author(s):  
Sanai Li ◽  
David Fleisher ◽  
Dennis Timlin ◽  
Vangimalla R. Reddy ◽  
Zhuangji Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Mississippi Delta ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
The United States ◽  
Delta Region ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Crop Models ◽  
General Response

The United States is one of the top rice exporters in the world, but warming temperatures and other climate trends may affect grain yield and quality. The use of crop models as decision support tools for a climate impact assessment would be beneficial, but suitability of models for representative growing conditions need to be verified. Therefore, the ability of CERES-Rice and ORYZA crop models to predict rice yield and growing season duration in the Mississippi Delta region was assessed for two widely-grown varieties using a 34-year database. CERES-Rice simulated growth duration more accurately than ORYZA as a result of the latter model’s use of lower cardinal temperatures. An increase in base and optimal temperatures improved ORYZA accuracy and reduced systematic error (e.g., correlation coefficient increased by 0.03–0.27 and root mean square error decreased by 0.3–1.9 days). Both models subsequently showed acceptable skill in reproducing the growing season duration and had similar performance for predicting rice yield for most locations and years. CERES-Rice predictions were more sensitive to years with lower solar radiation, but neither model accurately mimicked negative impacts of very warm or cold temperatures. Both models were shown to reproduce 50% percentile yield trends of more than 100 varieties in the region for the 34-year period when calibrated with two representative cultivars. These results suggest that both models are suitable for exploring the general response of multiple rice cultivars in the Mississippi Delta region for decision support studies involving the current climate. The response of rice growth and development to cold injury and high temperature stress, and variation in cultivar sensitivity, should be further developed and tested for improved decision making tools.

scholarly journals Simulating Climate Change Impacts and Adaptive Measures for Rice Cultivation in Hunan Province, China

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 1359-1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yamei Li ◽  
Wenxiang Wu ◽  
Quansheng Ge ◽  
Yang Zhou ◽  
Chenchen Xu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Ensemble Average ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Fertilization Effects ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

AbstractClimate change will inevitably continue for the next few decades and will have an impact on climate-sensitive agricultural production, emphasizing the need to design effective adaptive strategies to cope with climate risk or take advantage of potential climatic benefits. In this study, the latest version of the Crop Environment Resource Synthesis-Rice (CERES-Rice) model was applied to assess the impacts of climate change and carbon dioxide (CO2) fertilization on rice yield, as well as the effectiveness of two popularly adopted adaptive measures in Hunan Province, the main rice-production location in China. The simulation spanned 30 years of baseline (1981–2010) as well as three future periods (2011–40, 2041–70, and 2071–99) with climate data generated by five general circulation models under the newly developed representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. The simulation results showed that, in comparison with average rice yield during the baseline (1981–2010), the ensemble-average yield of all cultivars during the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s would decrease under both RCPs without CO2 fertilization effects. The ensemble-average yield reduction during the 2080s was alleviated under both RCPs if CO2 fertilization effects were accounted for. Adaptation simulations indicated that two adaptive measures (switching cultivars and changing planting dates) could mitigate the adverse effect to different extents. The intermodel variability under both RCPs was generally small. These findings may provide useful insight into the potential impacts of climate change on rice yield and effective adaptive measures to mitigate the adverse effect of future climate change in Hunan Province.

scholarly journals Effect of Long-Term Paddy-Upland Yearly Rotations on Rice (Oryza sativa) Yield, Soil Properties, and Bacteria Community Diversity

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Chen ◽  
Xi Zheng ◽  
Dangying Wang ◽  
Liping Chen ◽  
Chunmei Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Time Dependency ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Upland Crop ◽  
Mean Weight Diameter

A 10-year-long field trial (between 2001 and 2010) was conducted to investigate the effect of paddy-upland rotation on rice yield, soil properties, and bacteria community diversity. Six types of paddy-upland crop rotations were evaluated: rice-fallow (control; CK), rice-rye grass (RR), rice-potato with rice straw mulches (RP), rice-rapeseed with straw incorporated into soil at flowering (ROF), rice-rapeseed incorporated in soil after harvest (ROM), and rice-Chinese milk vetch (RC). Analysis of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) was used to determine microbial diversity among rotations. Rice yield increased for upland crops planted during the winter. RC had the highest average yield of 7.74 t/ha, followed by RR, RP, ROM, and ROF. Soil quality differences among rotations were found. RC and RP improved the soil mean weight diameter (MWD), which suggested that rice rotated with milk vetch and potato might improve the paddy soil structure. Improved total nitrogen (TN) and soil organic matter (SOM) were also found in RC and RP. The positive relationship between yield and TN/SOM might provide evidence for the effect of RC rotation on rice yield. A strong time dependency of soil bacterial community diversity was also found.

scholarly journals Some aspects of the study on the species Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth. as honey plant in the Republic of Moldova

2021 ◽  
Vol XII (2(21)) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Cirlig ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Germination Capacity ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Short Growing Season ◽  
Phacelia Tanacetifolia

Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth., which is a species with high potential as forage and honey plant, served as the subject of a new study. The species is characterized by short growing season, staggered and long flowering period (about 55 days depending on the climatic conditions and the date when it was sown). Under laboratory conditions, the germination capacity of the seeds is 84-92 %. The climatic conditions of the Republic of Moldova allow P. tanacetifolia plants to complete the whole ontogenetic development cycle – they bloom, bear fruit and produce viable seeds.

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