scholarly journals Seasonal patterns of steppe landscapes functioning of the Karadag nature reserve

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (4) ◽  
pp. 042089
Author(s):  
A Drygval ◽  
P Drygval ◽  
R Gorbunov ◽  
V Lapchenko
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Destruction Process ◽  
Parallel Processes ◽  
Methodical Approach ◽  
Diagnostic Signs ◽  
Is Development

Abstract The article is devoted to the study of steppe landscapes functioning of the Karadag nature reserve for the period of 6 years (2014-2019). The article uses a methodical approach to the assessment of intraday states of weather conditions to diagnose the nature of the steppe landscapes functioning. As results of the steppe landscapes functioning during the whole year the categories “development”, “destruction” both prerequisites and results of landscapes’ functioning, “accumulation” of prerequisites of landscapes development, and also mixed categories are distinguished. In general, the considered territory in the period from 2014 to 2019 is characterized by 85 variations of weather types. Considering of the steppe landscapes functioning in separate seasons, it is noted that, relatively alternating among them, in the winter period dominate the process of functioning prerequisites accumulation of steppe landscapes, and the process of prerequisites and results destruction of steppe landscapes functioning. The accumulation process is noted as the main result of steppe landscapes functioning in the spring season. It is dominant and fluctuates within 62.8 % and 96/8 % of the total number of functioning processes in steppe landscapes. The main result of functioning revealed in the summer season is development. It accounts for 63.2% (in 2014) to 99.9% (in 2015) of the diagnostic signs exhibited in steppe landscapes. In the autumn season the destruction process prevails, in a complex with parallel processes of various results of the steppe landscapes functioning.

scholarly journals Analysis of climate of Rivnenskyi Nature Reserve from 2000 to 2015

2018 ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Horbach
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Daily Temperature ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Autumn Period ◽  
Average Daily Temperature ◽  
Spring Period ◽  
Unstable Temperature

The analysis of monthly climatic terms of Rivnenskyi Nature Reserve was conducted. It is marked that weather terms have substantial differences due to an unstable temperature condition since creation of reserve. A spring period was the shortest in 2013 – 64 days and had the greatest average daily temperature 11.9 °С. Protracted a spring period was in 2002 – 123 days. The most of precipitations in a spring period was fixed in 2008 – 196.2 mm, and the least in 2011 – 42.1 mm. A summer period in 2015 became the most protracted – 131 day. Moreover, the least protracted summer was in 2006 – 90 days. The warmest summer season was in 2010 with an average daily temperature 19.8 °С. The most raining summer was in 2007 when a 471.3 mm of precipitations is fixed, and the least raining summer was in 2002 (144.6 mm of precipitations). The most protracted autumn period was in 2006 – 107 days and the shortest one was in 2001 – 57 days. The warmest autumn was in 2004 when an average daily temperature reached 9.2°С. The most of precipitations in the autumn period is fixed in 2009 – 178 mm, and the least in 2001 – 39 mm. The winter periods were protracted in 2004/05 and 2005/06. Their duration was 114 days. Winter period in 2009/10 with an average daily temperature -7.9°С was the coldest one. The most precipitations are fixed in winter 2005/06 – 208.4 mm, and the least in a winter period 2012/13 are a 52.2 mm. The most of precipitations for a year fell out 777.8 mm in 2012, and the least one in 2011 – 427 mm. The average long-term dates of the beginning of the year seasons are defined. The average long-term date of the beginning of the spring season is on February 27; the summer season is on May 26; the autumn season is on September 14; the winter season is on December 5. Key words: Rivnenskyi Nature Reserve, seasons of the year, precipitation, climatic terms, temperature, long-term date.

scholarly journals A Methodical Approach to Design and Valuation of Weather Derivatives in Agriculture

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jindrich Spicka ◽  
Jiri Hnilica
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Option Price ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Weather Derivatives ◽  
Methodical Approach

The paper deals with weather derivatives as the potentially effective risk management tool for agricultural enterprises seeking to mitigate their income exposure to variations in weather conditions. Design and valuation of the weather derivatives is an interdisciplinary approach covering agrometeorology, statistics, mathematical modeling, and financial and risk management. This paper first offers an overview of data sources and then methods of design and valuation of weather derivatives at the regional level. The accompanied case study focuses on cultivation of cereals (wheat and barley) in the Czech Republic. However, its generalizability is straightforward. The analysis of key growing phases of cereals is based on regression analysis using weather indices as the independent variables and crop yields as dependent variables. With the bootstrap tool, the burn analysis is considered as useful tool for estimating uncertainty about the payoff, option price, and statistics of probability distribution of revenues. The results show that the spatial and production basis risks reduce the efficiency of the weather derivatives. Finally, the potential for expansion of weather derivatives remains in the low income countries of Africa and Asia with systemic weather risk.

scholarly journals Regional assessment of climate risks using GIS technologies (on the example of the Belgorod Region)

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-278
Author(s):  
Yuri Chendev ◽  
Maria Lebedeva ◽  
Olga Krymskaya ◽  
Maria Petina
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Climate Services ◽  
Climate Risks ◽  
Weather And Climate ◽  
The Impact

The ongoing climate change requires a quantitative assessment of the impact of weather conditions on the nature and livelihoods of the population. However, to date, the concept of “climate risk” has not been finally defined, and the corresponding terminology is not universally recognized. One manifestation of climate change is an increase in climate variability and extremeness in many regions. At the same time, modern statistics indicate growing worldwide damage from dangerous weather and climate events. The most widely used in climate services is the concept of “Vulnerability index”, which reflects a combination (with or without weighing) of several indicators that indicate the potential damage that climate change can cause to a particular sector of the economy. development of adaptation measures to ensure sustainable development of territories. The main criterion for the vulnerability of the territory from the point of view of meteorological parameters is the extremeness of the basic values: daily air temperature, daily precipitation, maximum wind speed. To fully take into account the possible impacts of extreme climatic conditions on the region’s economy, it is necessary to detail the weather and climate risks taking into account the entire observation network, since significant differences in quantitative assessment are possible. The obtained average regional values of the climate vulnerability indices for the Belgorod Region of the Russian Federation provide 150 points for the winter period, 330 points for the summer season, which indicates the prevalence of extreme weather conditions in the warm season. Most of the territory has a relative influence on climatic phenomena, with the exception of the East and the Southeast Region. Moreover, the eastern part of the region is the most vulnerable in climatic terms.

scholarly journals Seasonality Analysis of Sentinel-1 and ALOS-2/PALSAR-2 Backscattered Power over Salar de Aguas Calientes Sur, Chile

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 941
Author(s):  
Analia Delsouc ◽  
Matías Barber ◽  
Audrey Gallaud ◽  
Francisco Grings ◽  
Paulina Vidal-Páez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Frequency ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Austral Winter ◽  
Backscatter Coefficient ◽  
Backscattering Coefficient ◽  
Episodic Events ◽  
Salt Crust ◽  
Flooding Events ◽  
Surface Crust

Seasonal changes control the development of salt crust over the Salar de Aguas Calientes Sur located in Andes Highlands, Chile. Precipitations throughout the Altiplanic winter (December to March) and austral winter (June to September) caused ponds to enlarge and surface salt crusts to dissolve driving roughness and dielectric features of the salar surface change over time. A four-year time series backscattering coefficient analysis, obtained by Sentinel 1 and ALOS-2/PALSAR-2 with 10 m of spatial resolution, demonstrated the capability of microwaves to discriminate seasonal patterns illustrated in this paper. Both sensors showed to be sensitive to changes in the surface crust due to weather conditions. Backscattered power gradually increased during the driest months as the rough salt crusts develop and decreased rapidly due to precipitations or flooding events, which lead to a smoothing appearance to radar. The high temporal frequency of acquisition in Sentinel 1 (5–13 scenes/month) allowed the discrimination among climate and annual seasonality and episodic events in the C-band backscatter coefficient. On the other hand, ALOS-2/PALSAR-2 showed subsurface changes at L-band since the salinity of the brine in the soil reduces the penetration depth of backscattered power for shorter wavelengths. Results might be useful to monitor salars with geographic and weather conditions similar to Salar de Aguas Calientes Sur.

scholarly journals Exposure-Dependent Variations in Air Temperature and Humidity on the Moraine of the Aavatsmark Glacier (Nw Spitsbergen) in the Summer Season of 2010

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-75
Author(s):  
Andrzej Araźny ◽  
Rajmund Przybylak
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Lateral Moraine ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Surface Air Layer

Abstract The article presents results of research on the development of air temperature and relative humidity at a height of 5 cm above the active surface of the terminal lateral moraine of the Aavatsmark Glacier, relative to its exposure in the summer season of 2010. Variations in the two conditions were analysed for five measurement sites situated on northerly (SN), easterly (SE), southerly (SS) and westerly (SW) slopes, as well as on the flat top surface of the moraine (STop), in different weather conditions. The article also includes a temperature and humidity stratification in the near surface air layer (5-200 cm) above the moraine. The issues were investigated for mean values from the whole period of research, as well as for individual days demonstrating distinct degrees of cloudiness and wind speed.

scholarly journals Aircraft Icing Study Using Integrated Observations and Model Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faisal Boudala ◽  
George A. Isaac ◽  
Di Wu
Keyword(s):  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Microwave Radiometer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Numerical Weather Prediction Model ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Cylindrical Shape ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Aircraft Icing ◽  
Cold Lake

Abstract Light (LGT) to moderate (MOD) aircraft icing (AI) is frequently reported at Cold Lake, Alberta, but forecasting AI has been a big challenge. The purpose of this study is to investigate and understand the weather conditions associated with AI based on observations in order to improve the icing forecast. To achieve this goal, Environment and Climate Change Canada in cooperation with the Department of National Defence deployed a number of ground-based instruments that include a microwave radiometer, a ceilometer, disdrometers, and conventional present weather sensors at the Cold Lake airport (CYOD). A number of pilot reports (PIREPs) of icing at Cold Lake during the 2016/17 winter period and associated observation data are examined. Most of the AI events were LGT (76%) followed by MOD (20%) and occurred during landing and takeoff at relatively warm temperatures. Two AI intensity algorithms have been tested based on an ice accumulation rate (IAR) assuming a cylindrical shape moving with airspeed υa of 60 and 89.4 m s−1, and the Canadian numerical weather prediction model forecasts. It was found that the algorithms IAR2 with υa = 89.4 m s−1 and IAR1 with υa = 60 m s−1 underestimated (overestimated) the LGT (MOD) icing events, respectively. The algorithm IAR2 with υa = 60 m s−1 appeared to be more suitable for forecasting LGT icing. Over all, the hit rate score was 0.33 for the 1200 UTC model run and 0.6 for 0000 UTC run for both algorithms, but based on the individual icing intensity scores, the IAR2 did better than IAR1 for forecasting LGT icing events.

First observation of the black-winged kite Elanus caeruleus in Slovakia

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Radovan Václav
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Adult Individual ◽  
Ecological Information

Abstract The details and circumstances of the first observation of the black-winged kite Elanus caeruleus in Slovakia are described in the article. An adult individual of the nominate subspecies of the black-winged kite, in the age of at least two years, was observed on August 1 5, 201 2 in the Žitavský luh Nature Reserve, SW Slovakia. Behavioural and ecological information pertaining to the observation are provided, including weather conditions prevailing in the region immediately before the observation day.

scholarly journals Effect of the transport duration time and season on some physicochemical properties of beef meat

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
D. Marenčić ◽  
A. Ivanković ◽  
V. Pintić ◽  
N. Kelava ◽  
T. Jakopović
Keyword(s):  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Beef Quality ◽  
Transport Time ◽  
Beef Meat ◽  
Short Period

Abstract. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of season and transport time on beef quality. The study was conducted during 12 months of 2009 on 480 bulls and 480 heifers of Simmental breed. The cattle were divided into 2 transport groups and then into 4 season groups according to the journey. Quality indicators pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and meat colour values were measured 24 h post mortem on m. longissimus dorsi. Heifer beef compared to bull beef had better values of quality indicators (P<0.05). Differences in quality indicators were found between cattle slaughtered in the spring and summer seasons and between cattle slaughtered in the autumn and summer seasons (P<0.05). Bull beef had poorer colour, pH and EC values in the summer and winter seasons compared to the spring season, whereas heifer beef had poorer pH, EC and colour values in the summer period compared to other seasons (P<0.05). In the summer season, poorer pH, EC and colour (L* and h*) values were obtained in groups of heifers transported for a longer time compared to heifers transported for a shorter time (P<0.05). In groups of bulls transported for a shorter time during the winter period poorer pH, EC and colour values were obtained (P<0.05). This study suggests that the quality of Simmental beef was associated with the season and that environmental factors should be considered when deciding about the time of cattle transport, since this can reduce beef colour in a very short period of time.

scholarly journals Analysis of applied software tools for processing scientific research environmental impact of the avifauna town of Vilnyansk

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
Vitaliy Borisov
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Google Maps ◽  
Applied Software ◽  
Observation Area ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
The City

The article provides a detailed description he materials, instruments and technological tools that he uses in the research of avifauna in Vilnyansk. On the basis of the analysis of scientific sources during the autumn, winter and spring accounting of avifauna of accounting sites of the city the methods of average maximum hearing of birds, route methods of accounting, cartographic and combined accounting were applied. In the processing of statistical and graphical data, the software package Microsoft Office, a collection of audio files, GIS products technologies Google Earth, Google Maps, Photoshop and applied software STATISTICA. When building maps for Vilnyansk town, taking into account its physical and geographical features, were used products Google Maps and Google Earth, which allowed to create a map of the city divided by squares 500x500meters to account the areas of observation, as well as to make calculations of the size of the areas of these biotopes, in which there was a record of birds. Using STATISTICA package allowed to establish the dependence of individuals, species diversity of avifauna on environmental factors and factors (temperature characteristics, dates of observations), to establish correlation indicators, as well as the dynamics of the number of birds. Thanks to the effects of the Google Earth program, a detailed analysis of the city facilities (social infrastructure, both part of the residential and natural landscapes) was carried out. As a result of these studies, a general mapping of the bird observation area was created, the sizes of habitats were calculated for the subsequent drawing of individuals of one species or another in their areas, taking into account the elements of the urban landscapes (private development areas, northern part of the city, central and southern areas), dynamics analysis the number of birds during the autumn-winter period 2017/2018 and established correlation coefficients that allowed establishing a relationship between ambient temperature, weather conditions and population disappeared.

scholarly journals Investigation of the wear of asphalt concrete pavement taking into account the influence of temperature, moisture of the pavement and the presence of an aggressive environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (92) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Andrii Siedov ◽  
Olena Fomenko
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
The Road ◽  
Industrial Enterprises

Abstract. The emergence of a large number of modern high-speed cars with improved dynamic characteristics and an increase in the share of cars, especially large load capacity, have significantly accelerated the destruction of asphalt roads. Plastic deformations, tracks and cracks are more and more often observed on asphalt concrete pavements of roads, their wear is accelerated. As a result, the transport and operational condition of roads deteriorates, the speed of traffic decreases, the cost of road transport increases, and increasing costs are required for road repairs. Thus, the conditions of traction of the wheels of the car with the road surface are influenced by the service life of the coating, traffic intensity, the amount of harmful emissions of industrial enterprises and climatic factors. At the same time uneven change of conditions of coupling in cross and longitudinal profiles of the highway comes to light. Analyzing the natural and climatic factors, we can establish that different weather conditions have different effects on the condition of the road surface. In summer, the condition of the surface is dry and clean, so the driving conditions are safe. Taking into account all the factors that lead to the destruction of the coating with the formation of residual deformations and irreversible changes, requires the study of wear of the coating surface. he wear of the coating largely depends on the friction force in the area of contact of the tire with the surface of the coating, the type of tires and the pressure in the tires. But the random nature of changes in the intensity and composition of traffic, seasons, temperature, humidity, rainfall affects the amount of wear over a period of operation of the road surface. The presence of water or solutions in the pores of the coating leads to the separation of mineral particles from the layer under the action of impact force from the wheels of vehicles. It is experimentally established that the wear of asphalt concrete in the dry and wet state increases with increasing temperature. One of the main types of damage to road surfaces is their premature wear under the influence of vehicle wheels, in combination with changing weather conditions. Analyzing the natural and climatic factors, we can establish that different weather conditions have different effects on the condition of the road surface. The article considers the influence of temperature, humidity and the presence of solutions of chloride anti-icing materials on the process of abrasion of asphalt pavement in the autumn-winter period. Occurrence of big differences of temperature and humidity accelerates processes of aging of materials from which layers are made, influencing their durability and wear resistance.

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