scholarly journals Floating road construction on soft soil

2022 ◽  
Vol 955 (1) ◽  
pp. 012016
Author(s):  
J Gultom ◽  
Pratikso ◽  
A Rochim
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Vertical Load ◽  
Soft Soils ◽  
Raft Foundation ◽  
Box Culverts ◽  
Box Culvert

Abstract The main problem of road construction on saturated soft soils is due to their low bearing capacity and large settlement. One of the solutions to such problems is to install piled box culverts-geofoam. In this study, the pile box culvert-geofoam was modelled as raft foundation. This experimental study was conducted by making a prototype raft file foundation gradually loaded with a maximum vertical load of 20 kN. Different thicknesses of geofoam were utilized in order to observe the influence of thickness on the settlement. Furthermore, difference in settlement is also found when the culvert was constructed with and without geofoam. Thicker geofoam was observed to result in smaller settlement.

Experimental Study of Composed Wall with Site Laying Reinforcing Rib under the Effect of Vertical Load

2014 ◽  
Vol 501-504 ◽  
pp. 954-958
Author(s):  
Wei Dong Sun ◽  
Xin Yu Niu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Failure Mode ◽  
Building Structure ◽  
Vertical Load ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Earthquake Resistant ◽  
Load Carrying

Composed wall with site laying reinforcing rib is composed of reinforced concrete rib, girtstrip and filling brickwork. This kind of wall is energy-saving, environmental-friendly and of good earthquake resistant performance. It is suitable to village building structure. In this paper, the load carrying capability and failure mode of this kind of composed wall under the effect of vertical load, the maximum bearing capacity of the wall and its influencing factors are mainly introduced.

scholarly journals Calculation model and bearing capacity optimization method for the soil settlement between piles in geosynthetic-reinforced pile-supported embankments based on the membrane effect

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256190
Author(s):  
Zhen Liu ◽  
Aobo Zhang ◽  
Jiangping Xu ◽  
Cuiying Zhou ◽  
Lihai Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Project Cost ◽  
Pile Spacing ◽  
Membrane Effect

The geosynthetic-reinforced pile-supported embankment (GRPSE) system has been widely used in road construction on soft soil. However, the application of the GRPSE system is often restricted by its high-cost. The reason is that they are designed for bearing control as defined in the past. During the construction process, the pile spacing is reduced to meet the requirements for the embankment bearing capacity and settlement. These factors cause the membrane effect to not be exploited. As a result, the utilization efficiency of the bearing capacity of the soil between the piles is low and the project cost is high. Therefore, in order to solve the problem of insufficient bearing capacity of soil between piles, we established a settlement calculation model of soil between piles based on membrane effect. The model considers the relationship between the geosynthetic reinforcement (GR) and the pile spacing. Based on the obtained model, a method for optimizing the soil bearing capacity of GRPSEs is proposed. By controlling the settlement of soil between piles, the bearing capacity of soil between piles and the membrane effect of embankment can be fully utilized. Therefore, the project cost can be reduced. Finally, the method is applied to field tests for comparison. The results show that the method is reasonable and applicable. This method can effectively exploit the membrane effect and improve the utilization efficiency of the bearing capacity of the soil between piles. An economical and reasonable arrangement scheme for the piles and GR was obtained. This scheme can not only ensure the safety of the project, but also fully utilize the bearing capacity of the soil between the piles and provide a new method for engineering design.

scholarly journals A Review on the Behaviour of Combined Stone Columns and Pile Foundations in Soft Soils when Placed under Rigid Raft Foundation

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Danish Ahmed ◽  
Siti Noor Linda Bt Taib ◽  
Tahar Ayadat ◽  
Alsidqi Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Ground Improvement ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Stone Columns ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Soft Soils ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Piled Raft Foundation ◽  
Raft Foundation ◽  
Raft Foundations

In the last few decades, it has been observed that raft foundations are very commonly used as a foundation solution for moderate to high rise structures either by resting on stone columns or on piles in soft soils. It is believed that, combining stone columns and piles in one foundation system is the more suitable foundation for medium rise structures. The combined foundation system provides a superior and more economical alternative to pile, and a more attractive alternative to stone columns in respect to ground improvement. This paper presents the review of existing studies reported in the literature in the last two decades about the behaviour of stone columns under raft foundations and piled raft foundation in soft soil, notably the failure mechanism and the bearing capacity. Also, a limited work from the literature concerning the performance of combined (pile/stone columns) foundation system in soft soil is comprised. Furthermore, very extensive ongoing research work regarding the investigation and study on the performance of combined (pile/stone columns) foundation system in soft soils is discussed. The main goals and methodology to study the performance of the combined (pile/stone columns) foundation systems in soft soil are also addressed.

scholarly journals Bearing capacity improvement of soft soil subgrade layer with Bio Stabilized Bacillus Subtilis

2018 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
pp. 01001
Author(s):  
Hasriana ◽  
Lawalenna Samang ◽  
Tri Harianto ◽  
M.Natsir Djide
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Untreated Soil ◽  
The Road ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Capacity Improvement ◽  
Dry Soil

The problem that is often faced in a road construction is a soil subgrade (soft soil). If the subgrade has a low bearing capacity, causing the soil to decrease greatly, so the road construction will quickly be damaged. Method to overcome the problem is bio stabilization with bacteria utilization. The purpose of this research is to know the bearing capacity improvement of soft soil as subgrade layer with bacteria solution of bacillus subtilis. Tests include soil physical and mechanical properties, compaction parameters and CBR tests. This test is based on ASTM for each test. Variations in addition of bacterial solution were 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% of dry soil weight with 7 days curing time. The results showed that the maximum value of CBR of soft soil was found at 39% on 6% bacterial solution. Increased CBR value from 2.8% to 39% or 13 times than untreated soil. This shows the use of bacterial concentration solution on soft soil significantly increases the bearing capacity.

Study on Bearing Capacity of Incline-Pile Groups in Thick Soft Soil

2011 ◽  
Vol 90-93 ◽  
pp. 172-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiong Xia ◽  
Liang Liang Dong ◽  
Xiao Ping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Finite Difference Method ◽  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Model Tests ◽  
Vertical Load ◽  
Pile Groups ◽  
Optimal Angle ◽  
Numerical Predictions ◽  
Group Response ◽  
Load Tests

The presence of incline-piles can provide some advantages when the group is subjected to vertical loadings. Based on model tests of the static pressed pile groups, this paper describes the bearing capacity of incline-pile groups in soft soil. In order to study the incline-pile groups capacity behavior , a series model test and computer analysis were performed. In the model tests, a series of static vertical load tests were conducted on a group of eleven piles arranged in interval pattern., that constructed with aluminum tube, each 1.20m long, were used as pile groups with inclination angle of 0°,5°,8°and12°.And there is an optimal angle, which close to 8°, corresponding to the maximum bearing capacity. A single isolated pile was also tested for comparison to the group response. By comparison with the experiment result, a finite difference method was employed to simulate the incline-pile groups capacity behavior. The agreement between the experimental results and the numerical predictions is shown to be reasonably good. Therefore, accurate prediction of the ultimate bearing capacity of incline-pile groups in a mixed soil is very challenging. But the work is helpful to the design and construction of the incline-pile groups in thick soft soil.

scholarly journals Bearing Capacity of Soft Marine Soil Stabilization with Cockel Shell Powder (CSP)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1490-1497
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Index Test ◽  
Geotechnical Characteristics ◽  
Stabilization Technique ◽  
Marine Soil

The quality of the subgrade is depending on the geotechnical properties, strength and the stabilization technique adopted for problematic soil in order to increase the bearing value. In Malaysia, soft soil is a challenging due to very low strength value and low California Bearing Ratio (CBR) value as well. The soil stabilization process is conducted to increase bearing capacity of marine soil. An experimental works cover from identification of basic soil properties by index test, compaction test and CBR test. Though, the marine soils have to be treated and stabilized with available methods like using natural materials or additive agents. In this study, geotechnical characteristics of marine soil stabilized with CSP content were determined. The unsoaked treated marine soil stabilized with CSP was investigated. Four different compounds of the soil with 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10% of CSP were mixed and added to determine the unsoaked CBR of the stabilized soil compounds. The results show the inclusion of CSP reduced the plasticity of the soil and highest dry density was decreased with an increase in the optimum water content. Moreover, by increasing the content of CSP the highest CBR value at 2.5 and 5.0 mm penetrations were achieved. The increasing percentage volume of water usage indicates the decreasing value of CBR. The results indicated that CSP contents have potential as a natural stabilizer for applications such as road sub-base material in road construction. The road sub-base will gain great strength with addition of CSP on marine soil

scholarly journals Effect of GGC (Geoform Granule Column) on Acceleration of Settlement in Soft Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-203
Author(s):  
Adelina Maulidya F ◽  
◽  
Yulvi Zaika ◽  
As’ad Munawir ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Triaxial Test ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Strength Parameter ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Consolidation Process ◽  
Soft Soils ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Effect Test

Soft soils has low bearing capacity and high compressibility which is potentially damage the structure laid above it. An effort is taken to use EPS beads to form GGC will accelerate of consolidation process. The purpose of study to investigate the influence of density and diameters of GGC against strength and settlement. Triaxial test are conducted to identify the shear strength parameter after consolidation test were done. The equivalence value of permeability (kve) is calculated using the Chai Method (2001) by considering smear effect. Test results showed that the settlement of soft soil in 90 degree consolidation reached in short period of time upon for smallest density and largest diameter of GCC.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Dimensi Tiang Mini Dan Faktor Aman Terhadap Lendutan Pelat Terpaku Tiang Tunggal

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-22
Author(s):  
Ferly Oktavia ◽  
Anas Puri ◽  
Roza Mildawati
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Concrete Pavement ◽  
Alternative Solution ◽  
Single Pile ◽  
Pole Diameter

[ID] Perkerasan Sistem Pelat Terpaku merupakan pengembangan Sistem Cakar Ayam yang berfungsi sebagai salah satu alternatif solusi untuk mengatasi permasalahan konstruksi jalan pada tanah lunak. Selain itu, kenaikan kapasitas dukung tanah dasar akibat pengaruh dukungan tiang-tiang pada pelat akan mengurangi kebutuhan tebal perkerasan beton dan memperkaku sistem perkerasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh diameter tiang masif dan faktor aman terhadap lendutan pelat terpaku tiang tunggal. Dimensi struktur pelat terpaku dan data material mengacu pada Puri (2017). Sistem ini dibebani dengan pembebanan tekan sentris. Perhitungan lendutan dan gaya dalam pelat menggunakan metode BoEF, berdasarkan tambahan modulus reaksi tanah dasar ekivalen yang dibandingkan dengan lendutan hasil pengamatan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa besaran faktor aman mempengaruhi nilai lendutan hitungan. Lendutan hitungan meningkat dengan peningkatan faktor aman. Penggunaan faktor aman 1,0 memiliki pola lendutan mendekati lendutan pengamatan untuk tiang bulat. Analisis perhitungan lendutan dengan ukuran mini pile  yang semakin besar menghasilkan lendutan pelat yang semakin kecil. Variasi SF tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap momen pelat. [EN] The Nailed-Slab Pavement System is the development from the pavement of the Cakar Ayam System which as an alternative solution to solve the problem of road construction in soft soil. In addition, the increase in bearing capacity of the subgrade due to the influence of the poles support on the plate will reduce the need for thick concrete pavement and strengthen the pavement system. This study aims to learn the effect of massive pole diameter and safe factors on the deflection of single-pile Nailed Slab. The dimensions of the Nailed-slab structure and material refer to Puri (2017). This system is burdened with press centric loading. Calculation of deflection and force in plates uses the BoEF method, based on the additional modulus of the subgrade equivalent reaction which is compared to the deflection observed. The results of the analysis show that the magnitude of the safe factor affects the value of the deflection calcutation. This deflection  increases with an increase in safe factors. The use of the safe factor 1.0 has a deflection pattern that is closer to the observation deflection for the round pile. Analysis of the deflection calculation with the size of the mini pile which gets bigger results in a smaller slab deflection. SF variations have no significant effect on the plate moment.

scholarly journals EVALUASI TINGGI EMBANKMENT JALAN PADA TANAH LUNAK DIPERKUAT GEOTEXTILE DAN FONDASI CERUCUK

Teras Jurnal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 224
Author(s):  
Suyuti Suyuti
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Factor Of Safety ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Critical Height ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Embankment Height ◽  
The Stability

<p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p> </p><p class="11daftarpustaka">Kalimantan memiliki daratan rendah tanah lunak mencapai kedalaman 25 m. Tanah lunak memiliki kapasitas dukung rendah dan deformasi besar untuk menopang beban-beban. Infrastruktur seperti embankment untuk konstruksi jalan di atas tanah dasar lunak, biasanya direncanakan dengan suatu tinggi rencana, meskipun embankment untuk konstruksi jalan sering runtuh akibat lemahnya kekakukan tanah dasar tersebut. Ada beberapa pedoman teknik telah dipublikasikan bagaimana cara membangun embankment di atas tanah lunak, tetapi pedoman tersebut hanya menunjukkan prosedur kerja konstruksi, di mana ujung pangkal fondasi <em>cerucuk</em> seperti kayu atau bambu adalah diikat dengan cara konvensional. Konstruksi embankment harus memenuhi untuk kriteria stabilitas dan penurunan. Penelitian ini untuk pemenuhan persyaratan stabilitas seperti faktor keamanan embankment dihubungkan dengan kapasitas dukung tanah lunak dengan perkuatan untuk mengevaluasi tinggi embankment disediakan dengan beberapa formula empiris berdasarkan aturan geoteknik. Hasil simulasi perhitungan diperoleh tinggi embankment kritis <em>H<sub>cr</sub></em> sebesar 1,06 m untuk kohesi tanah <em>c<sub>u</sub></em> sebesar 11,5 kN/m<sup>2</sup> dan <em>H<sub>cr</sub> </em>sebesar 1,70~1,73 m untuk kohesi <em>c<sub>u</sub> </em>sebesar 17,5 kN/m<sup>2</sup> dengan fondasi <em>cerucuk</em> berjarak <em>s</em> sebesar 10<em>D.</em> Variasi susunan <em>cerucuk</em> berjarak s of 3,3<em>D</em> memberikan nilai signifikan kapasitas dukung batas dan konstruksi embankment lebih tinggi, hal ini adalah tidak memberikan nilai signifikan oleh indeks plastisitas tanah.</p><p class="11daftarpustaka"> </p><p class="11daftarpustaka">Kata kunci: <em>tinggi</em> <em>embankment,</em><em> tanah lunak</em><em>, geotextile</em><em>, fondasi cerucuk</em><em></em></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p class="11daftarpustaka"> </p><p>Kalimantan island has lowlands of soft soil in down depth 25 m. The soft soil has low bearing capacity and large deformation to support loads. Infrastructure such as embankment for road construction on the soft soil, it is usually planned by a height target. However, the embankment for road construction is often collapsed due to weak stiffness of soil subgrade. Therefore, the local government has been used geotextile and installed timber pile for reinforcing the soft soil.  There are several technique guidelines published how to build embankment on soft soil, but that guidelines are only shown the prosedure for working the construction. The soft soil installed timber pile perior to lay geotextile and construct an embankment. Where the top of cerucuk foundation such as timber or bamboo is tied by conventional system. The embankment construction have to satisfy for stability and settlement criteria. In this research, the stability requirement such as factor of safety of embankment is conducted by bearing capacity of soft soil with reinforcement to evaluated a critical height of its embankment, which is provided by several empirical formula based on rule of geotechnics. The simulation results were obtained critical height of embankmentt <em>H<sub>cr</sub></em> of 1,06 m for soil cohesion <em>c<sub>u</sub> </em>of 11,5 kN/m<sup>2</sup> and <em>H<sub>cr</sub> </em>of1,70 ~ 1,73 m for cohesion <em>c<sub>u</sub> </em>of 17,5 kN/m<sup>2</sup> with cerucuk foundation on spacing <em>s</em> of 10<em>D.</em> Variation of rearrange of cerucuk spacing <em>s</em> of 3,3<em>D</em> are given significant values of ultimate bearing capacities, and more heighly of embankment construction, it is not given a significant value by plasticity index of soil.</p><p class="11daftarpustaka"> </p><p class="11daftarpustaka">Keywords: <em>Embankment height,</em><em> soft soil</em><em>, geotextile</em><em>, cerucuk foundation</em></p>

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Two cell and Three cell Box Culvert for Different Aspect Ratio

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 136-143
Author(s):  
Gaurav Shrivastava
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Earth Pressure ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Natural Stream ◽  
Box Culverts ◽  
Box Culvert

Abstract: Culverts serves primarily as the hydraulic conduits conveying water from one side of a roadway or similar traffic embankment to the other; therefore, culverts serves the dual purposes of functioning as hydraulic structures as well as acting as traffic load bearing structures. They are normally cheaper than bridges, which make them the natural stream passes through channels. Box culvert are most stable and safe among various types of culverts. It can be constructed for soft soil conditions also. Therefore these are the best alternative to the major bridges for the small span and for cross drainage situation. In this work, we analyze the R.C. box culvert of two cell and three cell with different L/H ratio with the use of STAAD Pro software. In this study, we consider the span of culvert bridge as 10 m and we done the analysis for two cell and three cell culvert on the same span and varies the height with respect to span of the culvert bridge for different aspect ratio. Here we considered the traffic loading of Class AA loading as per IRC:6 2014 and also consider all the loading conditions as per IS codes. The structure designing includes the considerations of pressure cases (Box empty, Full, surcharge load) and factors such as Impact load, Braking force, Dispersal of load through fill, Effective width, Coefficients of earth pressure, Live load etc. The analysis of structure as per limit state method IS 800-2007. The IS standard requirements in the design manual for roads and bridges (IRC6-2014, IS 112-2011) is used in the structural designing of concrete box culverts. The structural elements of two cell and three cell Box culverts are compared with respect to its maximum moments respectively for the different L/H ratio on the same span of the culvert. In the results we conclude that the moments are less than the two cell Box culvert with comparison to three cell Box culvert for the constant span of both the cases of culverts. In the present study, this paper provides full discussion on the provisions in the codes, considerations and justifications of all the above aspects of design. Keyword: Box culvert, aspect ratio, Staad pro, IRC codes.

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