scholarly journals Dependence of the influence of dynamic development at hazardous industrial enterprises of high labor protection requirements and their impact on mortality from accidents

Author(s):  
M Lekhman ◽  
M Shubitidze ◽  
A Litvinov ◽  
Yu Chertov ◽  
A Iliev ◽  
...  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-86
Author(s):  
U.Zh. Sarabekova ◽  
◽  
G.Zh. Asanova ◽  
D.B. Nurzhanova ◽  
M.Sh. Sakitzhanov ◽  
...  

The task of improving the system of accounting and analysis of accidents at industrial enterprises for many years has not lost its relevance both in Kazakhstan and abroad. Identification of the root causes of accidents is an important stage for the development and implementation of preventive and adaptive measures to reduce the risk of injuries to employees of enterprises. The article analyzes the characteristics of the indicators of industrial injuries, which are result — oriented (after the fact) — lagging and process-oriented (forecast) - leading. Lagging indicators are a retrospective description of the state of labor protection at a production facility, while advancing indicators characterize already completed or current actions and predict the result of the productivity of measures. The expediency of using leading indicators for predictive assessment of the state of industrial safety and, as a result, the development of a systematic approach to minimizing the number of incidents is justified. Keywords: injuries, accidents, injury analysis, injury indicators, causes of injuries, agriculture.


Author(s):  
М.М. АМИРХАНОВА

В статье на основе впервые вводимых в оборот архивных документов рассматриваются вопросы организации труда в промышленности Дагестана в условиях социалистического хозяйствования. Отмечается, что основными производителями промышленной продукции были государственные предприятия. Дается представление о количественных и качественных изменениях в составе рабочего класса в результате промышленного развития республики в 1930‑е гг. Особое внимание обращается на принятие мер по вовлечению представителей коренных народностей в промышленное производство. Прослеживается деятельность инспекции труда в области организации системы охраны труда, оздоровления рабочих условий на предприятиях промышленности. На примере завода «Дагестанские огни», промыслов «Дагрыбтреста» показано, как решалась эта проблема. Органы инспекции труда были обязаны контролировать состояние жилищных условий рабочих, наличие спецодежды, своевременную и в полной мере выдачу зарплаты, организацию питания и др. Для эффективной борьбы с травматизмом на промышленных предприятиях предлагалось создание комиссий по технике безопасности «Треугольник». Они должны были состоять из ответственного лица по технике безопасности, представителя комиссии по охране труда и врача или фельдшера пункта первой помощи. Автор характеризует роль профсоюзов в проведении колдоговорной компании, в обеспечении подготовки квалифицированных кадров рабочих для промышленного производства. Выявляются недостатки, имевшие место в системе ФЗУ (фабрично-заводское ученичество) по подготовке квалифицированных национальных кадров. В заключение, делается вывод, что, несмотря на определенные положительные сдвиги в организации труда, в целом в рассматриваемый период на большинстве промышленных предприятий Дагестана она не была налажена должным образом. The article deals with the issues of labor organization in the industry of Dagestan in conditions of the socialist management based on the archival documents introduced for the first time. It is noted that the main producers of industrial products were state-owned enterprises. The quantitative and qualitative changes in the composition of the working class are highlighted which resulted from the industrial development of the republic in the 1930‑s. Particular attention is drawn to measures undertaken to involve indigenous peoples in industrial production. The activity of labor inspection in the field of organization of the system of labor protection, improvement of working conditions at industrial enterprises is traced. On the example of the plant «Dagestan lights», the trades of «Dagrybtrest» it is shown how this problem was solved. Labor inspectorates were required to monitor the housing conditions of workers, the availability of clothing, timely and fully payment, food service, etc. To effectively combat injuries at industrial enterprises, the creation of safety commissions «Treugolnik (Triangle)» was proposed. They were to consist of a responsible person in safety engineering, a representative of the labor protection committee and a doctor or a paramedic of the first aid station. The author characterizes the role of trade unions in carrying out the collective agreement company, in providing training of skilled workers for industrial production. The shortcomings that have taken place in the system of FZU (factory apprenticeships) for the training of qualified national cadres are revealed. In conclusion, it is discussed that, despite some positive shifts in the organization of labor, in general it was not properly established at most industrial enterprises during the reviewed period in Dagestan.


2020 ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
Olga Malykh

Virtually any enterprise in the food and chemical industries, as well as in treatment facilities, has waste with a distinctive unpleasant smell. Elimination of odors is becoming an urgent task for ensuring safety and labor protection at enterprises, as well as public health protection. Olga Malykh, junior research associate at the company "Odor Laboratory N 1", speaks about the experience of smell research at enterprises, the possibilities of olfactometric research, and modern methods and equipment.


2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
P.A. Tanzharykov ◽  
◽  
U.Zh. Sarabekova ◽  
Zh.E. Zhienbekova ◽  
Zh. Zhumabek ◽  
...  

This article suggests ways to quickly assess the state of labor protection and ecology by calculating a number of indicators of industrial risk based on the information available in the modules for assessing labor protection by indicators of industrial risk. The efficiency of using the software proposed by the authors for the occupational health and safety management system based on a specific task from the modules "Personnel", "Events", "Equipment" and "Ecology", consisting of four main modules, is proved. In addition, this paper compares the matrix methods of risk assessment in the coordinate system "probability of an event or consequences of an event" of prevention and assessment of occupational risks for employees used in domestic and foreign practice in the occupational safety management system.Work on identifying harmful factors of accidents during the extraction, use and transportation of raw materials at industrial enterprises and assessing compliance with the requirements of the standards of the Republic of Kazakhstan should be carried out continuously. The main goal of the labor protection service is to create safe working conditions for employees at industrial enterprises, as well as to prevent occupational diseases of employees. In this regard, a system of accounting, analysis and assessment of the state of labor protection, as well as labor safety management, should work.


2004 ◽  
pp. 66-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kapelyushnikov

The paper examines a specific model of wage-setting evolved in Russia under transition. Using new survey data author reveals paradoxical characteristics of wage-setting mechanisms at Russian industrial enterprises: very high union and collective agreement coverage; nearly unilateral control of managers over wage determination; close correlation between earnings and enterprises' performance; voluntary utilization of wage standards established by the state. The special section explores effects of fulfilling a new provision stipulated for by the recently adopted Labor Code to raise minimum wage to the subsistence minimum level. The author concludes that wage-setting in the Russian labor market is at odds with a textbook competitive model and poorly fits into many other sophisticated theoretical schemes (such as labor-managed firms, bargaining models etc.).


2004 ◽  
pp. 76-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Gimpelson

The article discusses the issue of shortage of skills in the Russian industry. Using microdata from a survey of industrial enterprises, the author confirms that most of employers complain of difficulties in hiring and attaching skilled workers. In case of mass occupations, this shortage relates mostly to low efficient enterprises, which are unable or unwilling to pay competitive market going wage. More efficient and better paying firms are less likely to face shortage of general skills on the labor market but may face limited supply of specific skills.


2005 ◽  
pp. 67-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Kleiner ◽  
R. Kachalov ◽  
E. Sushko

The paper presents the analysis of the data received from the survey of heads of industrial enterprises and also experts-researchers in 2003-2004. The data describe the economic state of enterprises and their position in competitive, administrative, intermediary, financial etc. environment. The assumption of essential heterogeneity of the set of industrial enterprises, including enterprises of the same sector or the same territorial formation is confirmed. It is shown that Russian industrial enterprises as a rule do not feel influence of the stock market situation while the condition of the currency market influences the majority of enterprises. The sensitivity of enterprises depends on their economic situation: the better is the state, the stronger is the influence. Weak influence of the investment and administrative environment on the state of enterprises and negative influence of the activity of intermediary organizations are registered. More than 2/3 of the respondents consider important strengthening of the responsibility of large proprietors for inefficient activity of their enterprises. Lack of the strategic approach in the activity of authorities of all levels is ascertained and the necessity of development and realization of industrial policy at all administrative levels, including the municipal one, is shown.


2005 ◽  
pp. 53-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kapeliushnikov ◽  
N. Demina

The paper provides new survey evidence on effects of concentrated ownership upon investment and performance in Russian industrial enterprises. Authors trace major changes in their ownership profile, assess pace of post-privatization redistribution of shareholdings and provide evidence on ownership concentration in the Russian industry. The major econometric findings are that the first largest shareholding is negatively associated with the firm’s investment and performance but surprisingly the second largest shareholding is positively associated with them. Moreover, these relationships do not depend on identity of majority shareholders. These results are consistent with the assumption that the entrenched controlling owners are engaged in extracting "control premium" but sizable shareholdings accumulated by other blockholders may put brakes on their expropriating behavior and thus be conductive for efficiency enhancing. The most interesting topic for further more detailed analysis is formation, stability and roles of coalitions of large blockholders in the corporate sector of post-socialist countries.


2016 ◽  
pp. 103-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Mkrtchyan ◽  
Y. Florinskaya

The article examines labor migration from small Russian towns: prevalence of the phenomenon, the direction and duration of trips, spheres of employment and earnings of migrants, social and economic benefits of migration for households. The representative surveys of households and migrant-workers by a standardized interview were conducted in four selected towns. Authors draw a conclusion about high labor spatial mobility of the population of small towns and existence of positive effects for migrant’s households and the economy of towns themselves.


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