scholarly journals LABOR ORGANIZATION IN THE INDUSTRY OF DAGESTAN IN 1930s

Author(s):  
М.М. АМИРХАНОВА

В статье на основе впервые вводимых в оборот архивных документов рассматриваются вопросы организации труда в промышленности Дагестана в условиях социалистического хозяйствования. Отмечается, что основными производителями промышленной продукции были государственные предприятия. Дается представление о количественных и качественных изменениях в составе рабочего класса в результате промышленного развития республики в 1930‑е гг. Особое внимание обращается на принятие мер по вовлечению представителей коренных народностей в промышленное производство. Прослеживается деятельность инспекции труда в области организации системы охраны труда, оздоровления рабочих условий на предприятиях промышленности. На примере завода «Дагестанские огни», промыслов «Дагрыбтреста» показано, как решалась эта проблема. Органы инспекции труда были обязаны контролировать состояние жилищных условий рабочих, наличие спецодежды, своевременную и в полной мере выдачу зарплаты, организацию питания и др. Для эффективной борьбы с травматизмом на промышленных предприятиях предлагалось создание комиссий по технике безопасности «Треугольник». Они должны были состоять из ответственного лица по технике безопасности, представителя комиссии по охране труда и врача или фельдшера пункта первой помощи. Автор характеризует роль профсоюзов в проведении колдоговорной компании, в обеспечении подготовки квалифицированных кадров рабочих для промышленного производства. Выявляются недостатки, имевшие место в системе ФЗУ (фабрично-заводское ученичество) по подготовке квалифицированных национальных кадров. В заключение, делается вывод, что, несмотря на определенные положительные сдвиги в организации труда, в целом в рассматриваемый период на большинстве промышленных предприятий Дагестана она не была налажена должным образом. The article deals with the issues of labor organization in the industry of Dagestan in conditions of the socialist management based on the archival documents introduced for the first time. It is noted that the main producers of industrial products were state-owned enterprises. The quantitative and qualitative changes in the composition of the working class are highlighted which resulted from the industrial development of the republic in the 1930‑s. Particular attention is drawn to measures undertaken to involve indigenous peoples in industrial production. The activity of labor inspection in the field of organization of the system of labor protection, improvement of working conditions at industrial enterprises is traced. On the example of the plant «Dagestan lights», the trades of «Dagrybtrest» it is shown how this problem was solved. Labor inspectorates were required to monitor the housing conditions of workers, the availability of clothing, timely and fully payment, food service, etc. To effectively combat injuries at industrial enterprises, the creation of safety commissions «Treugolnik (Triangle)» was proposed. They were to consist of a responsible person in safety engineering, a representative of the labor protection committee and a doctor or a paramedic of the first aid station. The author characterizes the role of trade unions in carrying out the collective agreement company, in providing training of skilled workers for industrial production. The shortcomings that have taken place in the system of FZU (factory apprenticeships) for the training of qualified national cadres are revealed. In conclusion, it is discussed that, despite some positive shifts in the organization of labor, in general it was not properly established at most industrial enterprises during the reviewed period in Dagestan.

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (28) ◽  
pp. 465-474
Author(s):  
Ilmir Nusratullin ◽  
Nikolai Sergeev ◽  
Maxim Kuznetsov ◽  
Anastasia Sheina ◽  
Lyudmila Shubtsova

One of the most important sectors of the economy in Russia is industry. In this regard, the state seeks to stimulate the development of innovations in this area. Over the past few years, many industrial sectors in Russia have been in a crisis situation, which is caused by several factors: a decrease in the level of real investment, a decrease in the solvent demand of enterprises-customers and public consumers, and the introduction of financial and economic sanctions in 2014 against Russia by the United States and the European Union countries, as well as the effect of other macroeconomic factors independent of the activities of industrial enterprises. This study aims to identify the main trends in the development of industrial production in Russia in recent years, and an explanation of its causes. This topic is relevant in connection with the foregoing and may be of interest to academic economists studying industry development trends in developing countries. The aim of the study is to analyze the state of industry in Russia from 2015 to 2018 during the period of sanction pressure on the industrial and financial sectors of the Russian economy. Having examined the latest data on the results of the activity of Russian industry as a whole, one can note positive trends in the development of industrial production in Russia despite a number of negative internal and external factors. It is concluded that today, for Russia, the strategic tasks in industrial policy are reduced to overcoming technological backwardness and carrying out technological modernization of industries based on the use of innovative achievements, as well as import substitution for the sectors of the economy that are sensitive to foreign sanctions.


2004 ◽  
pp. 66-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kapelyushnikov

The paper examines a specific model of wage-setting evolved in Russia under transition. Using new survey data author reveals paradoxical characteristics of wage-setting mechanisms at Russian industrial enterprises: very high union and collective agreement coverage; nearly unilateral control of managers over wage determination; close correlation between earnings and enterprises' performance; voluntary utilization of wage standards established by the state. The special section explores effects of fulfilling a new provision stipulated for by the recently adopted Labor Code to raise minimum wage to the subsistence minimum level. The author concludes that wage-setting in the Russian labor market is at odds with a textbook competitive model and poorly fits into many other sophisticated theoretical schemes (such as labor-managed firms, bargaining models etc.).


2004 ◽  
pp. 76-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Gimpelson

The article discusses the issue of shortage of skills in the Russian industry. Using microdata from a survey of industrial enterprises, the author confirms that most of employers complain of difficulties in hiring and attaching skilled workers. In case of mass occupations, this shortage relates mostly to low efficient enterprises, which are unable or unwilling to pay competitive market going wage. More efficient and better paying firms are less likely to face shortage of general skills on the labor market but may face limited supply of specific skills.


2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
M. S. Abrashkin ◽  
A. A. Vershinin

The article analyzes the market of computer technologies. The theoretical substantiation of the scientific category «digital economy» and its economic components was given. Identified patterns of development of the domestic economy on the basis of informatization, the change of technological paradigms and the dynamics of industrial production. Based on the materials of the automotive industry, the influence of the digital economy on the internal industrial and technological structure of the industry and the results of its activities was proved. Also, the paper presents the main problems of sustainable industrial development in the context of socio-technical and economic means of developing science and technology in Russia.


2019 ◽  
Vol 957 ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Gromova

With the onset of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the business environment becomes inherent in changes that occur with maximum speed, as well as characterized by the systemic nature of the consequences. One of them is the transformation of operational management models in industrial enterprises. The modern manufacturing system should focus not only on speed of response and flexibility, but also on the cost and quality of products. Integration of effective models: agile manufacturing, quick response manufacturing and lean production, in order to extract the best from them is proposed. The purpose of this study is to analyze this flexible manufacturing system and to relate it to the current state of the Russian industrial development. Theoretical and practical aspects of this model are presented. The examples of the flexible models introduction in the Russian industrial sector is allocated. The conclusion about the necessity of the flexible manufacturing systems implementation for the Russian industrial development is drawn.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Gereev ◽  
Milyausha Pinskaya

The monograph is devoted to the analysis of tax incentives, the use of which will help to achieve the economic goals of the state in the field of industrial support. The theoretical foundations of tax incentives for industrial development are considered, the effectiveness of tax incentives is evaluated, and measures to improve state financial support for industrial production are proposed. It is intended for a wide range of readers: specialists involved in tax risk management, economists in the field of industrial production, consultants in the field of taxation and tax administration, students and teachers of economic universities.


2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-86
Author(s):  
U.Zh. Sarabekova ◽  
◽  
G.Zh. Asanova ◽  
D.B. Nurzhanova ◽  
M.Sh. Sakitzhanov ◽  
...  

The task of improving the system of accounting and analysis of accidents at industrial enterprises for many years has not lost its relevance both in Kazakhstan and abroad. Identification of the root causes of accidents is an important stage for the development and implementation of preventive and adaptive measures to reduce the risk of injuries to employees of enterprises. The article analyzes the characteristics of the indicators of industrial injuries, which are result — oriented (after the fact) — lagging and process-oriented (forecast) - leading. Lagging indicators are a retrospective description of the state of labor protection at a production facility, while advancing indicators characterize already completed or current actions and predict the result of the productivity of measures. The expediency of using leading indicators for predictive assessment of the state of industrial safety and, as a result, the development of a systematic approach to minimizing the number of incidents is justified. Keywords: injuries, accidents, injury analysis, injury indicators, causes of injuries, agriculture.


2020 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 03001
Author(s):  
Janna Mankulova ◽  
Alexander Vorotnikov

Research in the sphere of the Arctic industrial development often leads to the identification of clear regulatory gaps of a systemic nature. A particular example is the issue of legislative regulation of the involvement of secondary raw materials, fuel and energy resources in economic use and property turnover in the context of resource conservation and resource efficiency. In this case, secondary resources are not subject to independent regulation in general, but only as one of the elements of activities related to environmental protection. Accordingly, the conditions for the development of a system of production and consumption wastes’ effective management, the creation of a recycling industry, including the reuse of such waste, have not been formed yet. The results of the analysis given in this research paper clearly indicate the lack of development of mechanisms for stimulating the use of non-target materials and substances. Industrial enterprises that use secondary resources in production do not currently receive special advantages within the framework of the implemented industrial policy. System benefits are universal and directly related to commodity production only. However, it is necessary to apply measures to encourage industrial activities to implement projects involving the reuse of secondary resources in production, including in the Russian Arctic.


2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Bуstrov

The development and implementation of the strategy has long been the focus of scientists and practitioners. But, despite the extensive scientific Arsenal, the tasks facing economic managers do not become easier. In many ways, this situation is due to the fact that in the face of growing uncertainty, which is typical for any, both developed and developing markets, it is increasingly difficult to imagine the «image of the future» and formulate the strategy goals to subordinate the company’s activities to the achievement of these very goals. In a sense, the correct formulation of the problem of long-term development can serve as a foresight, which is used to identify factors that can have an impact on the economy and society in the medium and long term. However, what is the connection of foresight with the setting of goals of the strategy of the industrial enterprise and the choice of mechanisms for the implementation of the chosen strategy – these questions require answers, without which the scientific base of strategic management will not be complete. An attempt is made to find an answer to the question of what hinders industrial development under conditions when the scale of technological modernization is not accompanied by a change in the structure of production. The solution to this problem is proposed to be sought in institutional transformations, on the basis of a theoretical understanding of the laws that determine the technological development of modern industry and the application of the methods of the theory of artificial intelligence systems. The proposed approaches of economic and technological development of territories, states, industries and individual industrial enterprises will allow the most effective financing of investment programs for industrial development.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 116-121
Author(s):  
E. E. SHVAKOV ◽  
◽  
N. M. OSKORBIN ◽  
O. P. OSADCHAYA ◽  
◽  
...  

The article substantiates the need for integration interaction between educational institutions and enterprises of the real sector of the economy, defines its modern directions. The article analyzes one of the practices of interaction between universities and industrial enterprises of the Altai territory. The article describes the activities of the Altai state University in cooperation with industrial enterprises of the region. A study of the interaction of the University and industrial organizations of the Altai territory in the field of personnel training, as well as in the field of research and development works is being conducted. The article describes the main results of the work of the Altai state University, carried out in the interests of the development of industrial production in the Altai territory. The article describes the results of the University's activities in terms of: modernization of its educational system, creation of innovative enterprises, research activities to develop new technological solutions for the development of industrial production in the region.


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