Effect of reaction time and microwave power on coil temperature during microwave-metal interaction pyrolysis of plastics

The use of waste materials for producing biodiesel via transesterification has been of recent interest. In this study, the pork bone was used as the raw materials for natural hydroxyapatite (NHAp) catalyst. The calcination of animal bone was conducted at 900 °C for 2 h. The raw material and the resulting heterogeneous catalyst were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. The effects of reaction time, microwave power, methanol/oil molar ratio, catalyst loading and reusability of catalyst were systematically investigated. The optimum conditions, which yielded a conversion of oil of nearly 94%, were reaction time 5 min and microwave power 800 W. The results indicated that the NHAp catalysts derived from pork bone showed good reusability and had high potential to be used as biodiesel production catalysts under microwave-assisted transesterification of Jatropha Curcas oil with methanol.

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Study on the Hydrolysis of Pollen in Pure Water under Microwave Irradiation

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.683.222 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 683 ◽

pp. 222-225

Author(s):

Huan Wang ◽

Li Li Geng ◽

Bo Wu ◽

Na Liu ◽

Dong Zhang

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Microwave Irradiation ◽

Microwave Power ◽

Orthogonal Experiment ◽

Pure Water ◽

Influence Factors ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Pinus Massoniana ◽

Hydrolysis Reaction ◽

Microwave Hydrolysis

Pinus massoniana pollen was hydrolyzed by using the method of orthogonal experiment in pure water under microwave irradiation. The main influence factors of pollen microwave hydrolysis reaction was confirmed as temperature, weight ratio of pollen to water, microwave power and the reaction time, and its effects on the pollen microwave hydrolysis reaction was studied in detail. The results showed that the sequence of influence factors was reaction temperature>weight ratio of pollen to water>microwave power>reaction time. The optimal reaction conditions was that the temperature, 120oC; the power, 120W; the reaction time, 150min; the weight ratio of pollen to water, 1:10.

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THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSESTERIFICATION PROCESS OF COTTON SEED OIL BY USING MICROWAVE

REAKTOR ◽

10.14710/reaktor.18.1.27-30 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 27 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Andi Suryanto ◽

Zakir Sabara, HW ◽

Andi Artiningsih ◽

Hardi Ismail

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Vegetable Oils ◽

Microwave Power ◽

Cotton Seed ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Transesterification Reaction ◽

National Standard ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Long Time ◽

Cotton Seed Oil

Biodiesel is a renewable, non-toxic, environmentally friendly fuel made from vegetable oils through a transesterification reaction with methanol. During this time the manufacture of biodiesel takes a long time, which can be overcome with microwave heating. The use of microwave can decrease the reaction time and the amount of catalyst. The purpose of this study was to study the utilization of microwave as a heater in the transesterification reaction of cotton seed oil with the addition of NaOH catalyst 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1% (w/w) with 100 watts microwave power and a reaction time of 15 minutes. Conversion of biodiesel from cotton seed oil with the NaOH catalyst concentrations 0.5% (w/w), 5 minutes, molar ratio of 1: 12 with a microwave power of 400 watts was 99.11%. The results of the analysis of several parameters on biodiesel products show that they have met the specifications based on Indonesian National Standard (SNI-04-7182-2006). Keyword: biodiesel, transesterification, cotton seed oil, microwave.

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Biodiesel Production through Catalytic Microwave In-situ Transesterification of Micro-algae (Chlorella sp.)

International Journal of Renewable Energy Development ◽

10.14710/ijred.9.1.113-117 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 113-117

Author(s):

Mahfud Mahfud ◽

Ummu Kalsum ◽

Viqhi Ashwie

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Microwave Power ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

In Situ Transesterification ◽

Chlorella Sp ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Face Centered ◽

Hexane Solution

Aim of this research are to study and develop research related to the potential of Chlorella sp. into biodiesel with the help of microwaves in-situ transesterification by characterizing parameters such as microwave power (300; 450; 600 W) and reaction time (10; 30; 50 minutes) with catalyst concentration of KOH and molar ratio of microalga : methanol are 2% and 1:12 respectively and optimized by response surface methodology with Face Centered Central Composite Design (FCCCD). The study was carried out by dissolving the catalyst into methanol according to the variable which was then put into a reactor containing microalgae powder in the microwave and turned on according to the predetermined variable. After the reaction process is complete, the mixture is filtered and resuspended with methanol for 10 minutes to remove the remaining FAME and then the obtained filtrate is cooled. Water is added to the filtrate solution to facilitate the separation of hydrophilic components before being separated and pushed apart until 3 layers are formed. Amount of FAMEs in the first layer formed were extracted with n-hexane solution and washed with water and the FAME product obtained was then distilled to remove the remaining n hexane and then weighed. The results indicated that yield increased with increasing reaction time and microwave power with the best conditions of 50 minutes each and 440.53 watts with the highest yield reaching 35.72% (dry basis) through using of KOH catalysts with low concentrations, 2%.©2020. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reserved

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Pretreatment of arsenic-bearing gold ore with microwave-assisted alkaline leaching

Green Processing and Synthesis ◽

10.1515/gps-2015-0122 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Hongzhou Ma ◽

Chao Yan ◽

Yaoning Wang

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Sodium Hydroxide ◽

Influencing Factors ◽

Microwave Power ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Sulfur Removal ◽

Air Oxidation ◽

Sodium Hydroxide Concentration ◽

Gold Ore ◽

Removal Of Arsenic

AbstractIn this paper, the removal of arsenic from arsenic-bearing gold ore through air oxidation and sodium hydroxide leaching with microwave irradiation was studied. Firstly, single-factor experiments were carried out. The results indicated that the removal rate of arsenic was influenced by the sodium hydroxide concentration, ratio of liquid to solid, microwave power, and reaction time. Then, orthogonal experiments were done to determine the main influencing factors. The results obtained from the experiments of orthogonal arrays showed that reaction time and microwave power were the important influencing factors, and the optimum conditions of sodium hydroxide concentration, reaction time, microwave power, and ratio of liquid to solid were 18 wt.%, 60 min, 700 W, and 5, respectively. Under the optimal conditions, the removal of arsenic could reach approximately 81.46 wt.% and, at the same conditions, the sulfur removal rate was about 55.56 wt.%. The results of X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that AsS and FeAsS were decomposed during the leaching process, while FeS

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Microwave Assisted Pyrolysis of Rice Husk in the Presence of Eco Friendly Microwave Absorber in Producing Bio-Oil

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1125.337 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1125 ◽

pp. 337-341 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. Azduwin ◽

Mohd Zafryl Zaheidy ◽

Mohd Jamir Mohd Ridzuan ◽

Anis Atikah Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Microwave Power ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Microwave Absorber ◽

Nitrogen Gas ◽

Agriculture Waste ◽

Heating Source ◽

Operating Variables ◽

Bio Oil

Rice husk is one of the major agriculture waste that has high potential as carbon and energy source and does not been utilized well. The potential was in producing bio oil and pyrolysis is one method that has been established for the purpose. In this research, the pyrolysis of rice husk by using microwave irradiation as the heating source in the existence of microwave absorber char was investigated. The effect of three operating variables, namely microwave power (Watt), reaction time (min) and the amount of microwave absorber (g) were studied. From the study, The highest bio-oil yield were produced about 40.75% at microwave power of 600 W, 20 min reaction time, and 3.5 g amount of microwave absorber with consistent flow of 4 L/min of nitrogen gas. The bio-oil produced were analyzed using gas chromatography and was found contains important chemical compounds such as phenols, ketone, aldehyde and carboxylic acids.

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Biodiesel Production from Dry Microalga Biomass by Microwave-Assisted In-Situ Transesterification

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201815606005 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 156 ◽

pp. 06005

Author(s):

Lailatul Qadariyah ◽

Mahfud Renova Panjaitan ◽

Fatkhulloh Mujaddid ◽

Ummu Kalsum

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Microwave Irradiation ◽

Microwave Power ◽

Oil Content ◽

Catalyst Concentration ◽

Acid Catalyst ◽

Optimum Operating ◽

In Situ Transesterification ◽

Chlorella Sp

Microalga is one of the potential feedstocks in the manufacture of biodiesel because it contains high oil content. In this study, Chlorella sp. was selected because its high oil content about 28-32% of oil (based on its dry weight) and its presence is abundant among other green algae. In situ transesterification was carried out in round neck flask under microwave irradiation. Microwave irradiation can facilitate the in situ transesterification by extracted the lipid of microalga and simultaneous convert to FAME. The purposes of this study are to investigate the effect of acid catalyst concentration, microwave power, reaction time and the addition of co-solvent (n-hexane) on the yield of biodiesel, to get optimum operating conditions and to know the fatty acid compounds of biodiesel from Chlorella sp. The results of oil extraction and biodiesel were analyzed by GC-MS analysis. Based on the experiment, the yield of microalga oil was 11.37%. The optimum yield of biodiesel by in-situ transesterification was 75.68%. It was obtained at the microwave power of 450 watts, the reaction time of 60 minutes, an acid catalyst concentration of 0,2M of H2SO4, and the co-solvent addition of 10 ml.

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Enhancement of Biodiesel Production from High-Acid-Value Waste Cooking Oil via a Microwave Reactor Using a Homogeneous Alkaline Catalyst

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14020437 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 437

Author(s):

Ming-Chien Hsiao ◽

Peir-Horng Liao ◽

Nguyen Vu Lan ◽

Shuhn-Shyurng Hou

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Reaction Temperature ◽

Microwave Power ◽

Acid Value ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Transesterification Reaction ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Alkaline Catalyst ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

High Acid

In this study, low quality oils (waste cooking oils) with high acid value (4.81 mg KOH/g) were utilized as the feedstocks for a transesterification reaction enhanced by additional microwave power and the use of an NaOH catalyst. The kinetics of the transesterification reaction under different reaction times and temperatures was studied. It was found that in the microwave-assisted transesterification reaction, the optimum conditions under a microwave power of 600 W were as follows: an NaOH catalyst of 0.8 wt %, a 12:1 molar ratio of methanol to oil, a reaction time of 2 min, and a reaction temperature of 65 °C. The conversion of waste cooking oil into biodiesel reached 98.2% after this short reaction time. This result conformed to 96.5% of the standard value of Taiwan CNS 15072. In addition, with increases in the reaction temperature from 55 to 65 °C, the reaction rate constant increased from 0.635 to 2.396 min−1, and the activation energy required for the transesterification reaction was 123.14 kJ/mole.

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PRODUKSI BIODIESEL DARI TRANSESTERIFIKASI MINYAK JELANTAH DENGAN BANTUAN GELOMBANG MIKRO: PENGARUH INTENSITAS DAYA DAN WAKTU REAKSI TERHADAP RENDEMEN DAN KARAKTERISTIK BIODIESEL

Jurnal Agritech ◽

10.22146/agritech.13792 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 35 (02) ◽

pp. 234

Author(s):

Agus Haryanto ◽

Ully Silviana ◽

Sugeng Triyono ◽

Sigit Prabawa

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Microwave Power ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Acid Number ◽

Number Density ◽

Power Capacity ◽

Power Intensity ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

Biodiesel Synthesis ◽

Two Factors

The purpose of this research was to study the effect of power intensity and reaction time on the yield and the characteristic using an erlenmeyer glass heated in a microwave oven with power capacity of 399 watt and frequency of 2,450 arrangements was used in this experiment. Treatment consisted of two factors, namely power intensity and reaction time. The power intensity included three levels (30, 50, and 70%). Similarly did for the reaction time (30, 60, and 120 cooking oil to methanol). Parameters to be analyzed included biodiesel yield, acid number, density, and viscosity of = 1%. The results showed that both microwave power intensity and reaction time and their interaction had no effect on the viscosity, acid number and density of produced biodiesel. Biodiesel produced has acid number of 2.98 to 4.20 mgKOH/g, density of 0.87 to 0.88 g/mL, and viscosity of 1.9 to 2 cSt. Microwave power intensity and reaction time andtime of 30 seconds was adequate for microwave-assisted biodiesel synthesis with an average yield reaching 91.1%. Keywords: biodiesel, waste cooking oil, transesterification, microwave

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Microwave Assisted Solid State Reaction Synthesis of Complex Amino Acid Complexes of Mn (Ⅱ)

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.1331 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 291-294 ◽

pp. 1331-1334

Author(s):

Bo Lin Liang ◽

Na Zhang ◽

Min Jie Zhou

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Reaction Time ◽

Solid State ◽

Microwave Power ◽

Irradiation Time ◽

Reaction Synthesis ◽

Manganese Ions ◽

Synthesis Conditions ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Amino Acid Complexes

Complex amino acid complexes of manganese ions were synthesized using the chelation technology under microwave irradiation. The influences of amount of water, reaction time, microwave power and the molar ration of complex amino acid and manganese on the yield of the synthesized compounds were investigated. Results suggest that optimal synthesis conditions are amount of water, 4 mL, irradiation time, 4 min, microwave power, 500 W, and the molar ration of reactant, 2:1, and the yield of the synthesized compounds was 67.42%.

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