Association Between Fractional Amplitude of Low-Frequency Spontaneous Fluctuation and Degree Centrality in Children and Adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 379-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Ricardo Sato ◽  
Claudinei Eduardo Biazoli ◽  
Luciana Monteiro Moura ◽  
Nicolas Crossley ◽  
André Zugman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Degree Centrality ◽  
Spontaneous Fluctuation

scholarly journals Evaluation of spontaneous regional brain activity in weight-recovered anorexia nervosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Seidel ◽  
Daniel Geisler ◽  
Viola Borchardt ◽  
Joseph A. King ◽  
Fabio Bernardoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Regional Homogeneity ◽  
Degree Centrality ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Regional Brain ◽  
Cortical Grey Matter ◽  
Regional Brain Activity

AbstractWhereas research using structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) reports sizable grey matter reductions in patients suffering from acute anorexia nervosa (AN) to be largely reversible already after short-term weight gain, many task-based and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) studies suggest persistent brain alterations even after long-term weight rehabilitation. First investigations into spontaneous regional brain activity using voxel-wise resting-state measures found widespread abnormalities in acute AN, but no studies have compared intrinsic brain activity properties in weight-recovered individuals with a history of AN (recAN) with healthy controls (HCs). SMRI and RSFC data were analysed from a sample of 130 female volunteers: 65 recAN and 65 pairwise age-matched HC. Cortical grey matter thickness was assessed using FreeSurfer software. Fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFFs), mean-square successive difference (MSSD), regional homogeneity (ReHo), voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VHMC), and degree centrality (DC) were calculated. SMRI and RSFC data were analysed from a sample of 130 female volunteers: 65 recAN and 65 pairwise age-matched HCs. Cortical grey matter thickness was assessed using FreeSurfer software. Fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF), mean-square successive difference (MSSD), regional homogeneity (ReHo), voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VHMC), and degree centrality (DC) were calculated. Abnormal regional homogeneity found in acute AN seems to normalize in recAN, supporting assumptions of a state rather than a trait marker. Aberrant fALFF values in the cerebellum and the infertior temporal gyrus could possibly hint towards trait factors or a scar (the latter, e.g., from prolonged periods of undernutrition), warranting further longitudinal research.

Clinical effectiveness of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment in children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders: A systematic review

Autism ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1614-1629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumi Masuda ◽  
Shinichiro Nakajima ◽  
Takahiro Miyazaki ◽  
Ryosuke Tarumi ◽  
Kamiyu Ogyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal

Neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder, are common in children and adolescents, but treatment strategies remain limited. Although repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation has been studied for neurodevelopmental disorders, there is no clear consensus on its therapeutic effects. This systematic review examined literature on repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders published up to 2018 using the PubMed database. The search identified 264 articles and 14 articles met eligibility criteria. Twelve of these studies used conventional repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and two studies used theta burst stimulation. No severe adverse effects were reported in these studies. In patients with autism spectrum disorder, low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and intermittent theta burst stimulation applied to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex may have therapeutic effects on social functioning and repetitive behaviors. In patients with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation applied to the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex may target inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. In patients with tic disorders, low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation applied to the bilateral supplementary motor area improved tic symptom severity. This systematic review suggests that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation may be a promising intervention for children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders. The results warrant further large randomized controlled trials of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in children with neurodevelopmental disorders.

scholarly journals The variable heart: High frequency and very low frequency correlates of depressive symptoms in children and adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 186 ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia D. Blood ◽  
Jia Wu ◽  
Tara M. Chaplin ◽  
Rebecca Hommer ◽  
Lauren Vazquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Very Low Frequency

Defining Accelerometer Nonwear Time to Maximize Detection of Sedentary Time in Youth

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelli L. Cain ◽  
Edith Bonilla ◽  
Terry L. Conway ◽  
Jasper Schipperijn ◽  
Carrie M. Geremia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Normal Filter ◽  
Model Filter ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Vector Magnitude

Purpose: The present study examined various accelerometer nonwear definitions and their impact on detection of sedentary time using different ActiGraph models, filters, and axes. Methods: In total, 61 youth (34 children and 27 adolescents; aged 5–17 y) wore a 7164 and GT3X+ ActiGraph on a hip-worn belt during a 90-minute structured sedentary activity. Data from GT3X+ were downloaded using the Normal filter (N) and low-frequency extension (LFE), and vertical axis (V) and vector magnitude (VM) counts were examined. Nine nonwear definitions were applied to the 7164 model (V), GT3X+LFE (V and VM), and GT3X+N (V and VM), and sedentary estimates were computed. Results: The GT3X+LFE-VM was most sensitive to movement and could accurately detect observed sedentary time with the shortest nonwear definition of 20 minutes of consecutive “0” counts for children and 40 minutes for adolescents. The GT3X+N-V was least sensitive to movement and required longer definitions to detect observed sedentary time (40 min for children and 90 min for adolescents). VM definitions were 10 minutes shorter than V definitions. LFE definitions were 40 minutes shorter than N definitions in adolescents. Conclusion: Different nonwear definitions are needed for children and adolescents and for different model-filter-axis types. Authors need to consider nonwear definitions when comparing prevalence rates of sedentary behavior across studies.

scholarly journals Baroreflex sensitivity is reduced in obese normotensive children and adolescents

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (7) ◽  
pp. 565-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Lazarova ◽  
Ingrid Tonhajzerova ◽  
Zuzana Trunkvalterova ◽  
Andrea Brozmanova ◽  
Natasa Honzíková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Baroreflex Sensitivity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Nervous Function ◽  
Rate Oscillations ◽  
Over Time

Obesity is associated with autonomic nervous system dysfunction. The aim of the study was to evaluate baroreflex sensitivity, an indicator of autonomic nervous function, in 20 obese children and adolescents in comparison with 20 age- and sex-matched nonobese subjects. All subjects were examined in the supine position over a period of 50 min. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and RR intervals were monitored continuously. Baroreflex sensitivity was assessed by cross-spectral analysis of SBP and RR interval oscillations (BRS index) and SBP and heart rate oscillations (BRSf index) within the low frequency range (0.04–0.15 Hz). Sensitivity was determined in 3 time intervals of 3 min each to evaluate changes during rest. The BRS index was significantly lower in obese children and adolescents than in the nonobese control group (p = 0.002). Significant changes in the BRS index over time (p = 0.004) were found only in nonobese subjects. In contrast, the BRSf index increased over time in both groups (p = 0.01), and no significant between-group difference was detected. In conclusion, obese children and adolescents show decreased resting baroreflex sensitivity with less variation compared with nonobese subjects. The BRS and BRSf indices appear to be only partially correlated.

scholarly journals Scoliosis in children: new approaches to the solution of important medical and social problems

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 178-181
Author(s):  
A. G Kulikov ◽  
Tatiana N. Zaytseva ◽  
O. P Pyzhevskaya ◽  
E. R Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Conservative Treatment ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Clinical Manifestation ◽  
Electrostatic Field ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Basic Therapy ◽  
New Approaches

Scoliosis, the most prevalent orthopaedic condition affecting children and adolescents, may have long-lasting medical and social consequences. The objective of the present study was to elucidate the possibilities and practicability of the application of a low-frequency electrostatic field for the conservative treatment of grade I and II scoliosis in children. The electrostatic field is shown to promote the development of vibrations of varying strength in biological tissues and their penetration rather deeply into their interior. We examined and treated 94 children divided into two groups matchedfor the age and major clinical manifestation of the disease. All the patients received basic therapy. Patients from the study group were additionally given low-frequency electrostatic therapy. The application of a low-frequency electrostatic field for the conservative treatment of grade I and II scoliosis in the children was shown both to significantly increase its effectiveness and facilitate regression of scoliosis.

scholarly journals Aberrant Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuation and Degree Centrality within the Default Mode Network in Patients with Vascular Mild Cognitive Impairment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1534
Author(s):  
Haoyuan Li ◽  
Xiuqin Jia ◽  
Yingying Li ◽  
Xuejia Jia ◽  
Qi Yang
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Degree Centrality ◽  
Neuropsychological Assessments

This study aimed to investigate whole-brain spontaneous activities changes in patients with vascular mild cognitive impairment (VaMCI), and to evaluate the relationships between these brain alterations and their neuropsychological assessments. Thirty-one patients with VaMCI and thirty-one healthy controls (HCs) underwent structural MRI and resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) and neuropsychological assessments. The functional alterations were determined by the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and degree centrality (DC). The gray matter volume (GMV) changes were analyzed using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationships between the structural and functional changes of brain regions and neuropsychological assessments. The VaMCI group had significantly lower scores in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and higher scores on the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD). Compared to the HCs, the VaMCI group exhibited GM atrophy in the right precentral gyrus (PreCG) and right inferior temporal gyrus (ITG). VaMCI patients further exhibited significantly decreased brain activity within the default mode network (DMN), including the bilateral precuneus (PCu), angular gyrus (AG), and medial frontal gyrus (medFG). Linear regression analysis revealed that the decreased ALFF was independently associated with lower MoCA scores, and the GM atrophy was independently associated with higher HAMD scores. The current finding suggested that aberrant spontaneous brain activity in the DMN might subserve as a potential biomarker of VaMCI, which may highlight the underlying mechanism of cognitive decline in cerebral small vessel disease.

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