The Oxford Encyclopedia of Natural Hazards Governance

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
International Regimes ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Current State ◽  
Governance Practices ◽  
The Face ◽  
Major Disruption ◽  
Managing Risk

Natural hazards present significant challenges for managing risk and vulnerability. It is crucial to understand how communities, nations, and international regimes and organizations attempt to manage risk and promote resilience in the face of major disruption to the built and natural environment and social systems. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Natural Hazards Governance offers an integrated framework for defining, assessing, and understanding natural hazards governance practices, processes, and dynamics – a framework that is essential for addressing these challenges. Through a collection of over 85 peer-reviewed articles, written by global experts in their fields, it provides a uniquely comprehensive treatment and current state of knowledge of the range of key governance issues. The work addresses key theoretic gaps on hazards governance in general, and clarifies the sometimes disjointed research coverage of hazards governance on different scales, with national, international, local, regional, and comparative perspectives.

Violence, Naturally

2021 ◽  
pp. 221-276
Author(s):  
Oren Falk
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Social World ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face

In medieval Iceland, to be human was to be violent, but the converse was equally true: to be violent was to be human. The preceding chapters explore hostilities within communities and between them; this chapter, an excursion into eco-history, carries the examination of Norse violence beyond species boundaries. The sagas, realistic accounts of a society clinging by its fingernails to a volcanic outcrop at the edge of the Arctic, are remarkably reluctant to address the perils posed by the natural environment. To explain this anomaly, this chapter contrasts the sagas’ silence about Nature both with their own fixation on human violence and with the attitudes towards natural phenomena in adjacent genres, mainly hagiography and annals. Representation supplemented practice; humanizing violence in the sagas allowed Icelanders to exercise a measure of control over risks from beyond the social world, risks they could do little about in reality. That such representation flies so boldly in the face of facts highlights the symbiosis between violence and uchronia: forcing their world to make sense required Icelanders to convert real natural hazards into uchronic accounts of human physical nastiness

scholarly journals Likely Exacerbation of Psychological Disorders from Covid-19 Response

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 215013272110167
Author(s):  
Tara Rava Zolnikov ◽  
Tanya Clark ◽  
Tessa Zolnikov
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Disorders ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Face ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Anxiety and fear felt by people around the world regarding the coronavirus pandemic is real and can be overwhelming, resulting in strong emotional reactions in adults and children. With depressive and anxiety disorders already highly prevalent in the general population (300 million worldwide), depression and/or anxiety specifically because of the pandemic response is likely. Moreover, the current state of panic in the face of uncertainty is apt to produce significant amounts of stress. While this situation has the potential to cause psychological disorders in previously unaffected populations, perhaps more impactful is the exacerbation of symptoms of many existing disorders including anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and hoarding disorder.

scholarly journals Analysis of Educational Data in the Current State of University Learning for the Transition to a Hybrid Education Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2068
Author(s):  
William Villegas-Ch. ◽  
Xavier Palacios-Pacheco ◽  
Milton Roman-Cañizares ◽  
Sergio Luján-Mora
Keyword(s):  
Online Education ◽  
Educational Model ◽  
Hybrid Education ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Current State ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
Education Model

Currently, the 2019 Coronavirus Disease pandemic has caused serious damage to health throughout the world. Its contagious capacity has forced the governments of the world to decree isolation and quarantine to try to control the pandemic. The consequences that it leaves in all sectors of society have been disastrous. However, technological advances have allowed people to continue their different activities to some extent while maintaining isolation. Universities have great penetration in the use of technology, but they have also been severely affected. To give continuity to education, universities have been forced to move to an educational model based on synchronous encounters, but they have maintained the methodology of a face-to-face educational model, what has caused several problems in the learning of students. This work proposes the transition to a hybrid educational model, provided that this transition is supported by data analysis to identify the new needs of students. The knowledge obtained is contrasted with the performance presented by the students in the face-to-face modality and the necessary parameters for the transition to this modality are clearly established. In addition, the guidelines and methodology of online education are considered in order to take advantage of the best of both modalities and guarantee learning.

Constructing the understanding of teenagers deviant use of cyberspace

2021 ◽  
pp. 002076402097579
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar Sharma ◽  
Nitin Anand ◽  
Keshav Kumar ◽  
Rajkumar Lenin Singh ◽  
Pranjali Chakraborty Thakur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Internet Applications ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
The Face ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
Online Disinhibition ◽  
Use Of Internet

Cyberspace provides a completely different platform for the expression of one’s needs in comparison to the face-to-face world. The use of cyberspace by teenagers is becoming a major concern due to the emergence of engagement in deviant use of internet applications inclusive of engagement in sexting; excessive and addictive use of the internet, consumption of pornography, and as well as phenomena of internet chat rooms. The online disinhibition, anonymity, personality factors, sensation-seeking behavior, impulsivity, deviant socialization processes, and absence of social systems to educate adolescents about gender sensitivity and sex appear to predispose teenagers for indulgence in deviant usage of cyberspace. There is an urgent need to understand the factors related to deviant use of cyberspace and for offering programs for parents and adolescents on gender sensitivity, sexuality, sex, consent in relationships, and deviant use of internet applications. Such initiatives will help to offer opportunities for a corrective experience through appropriate socialization experiences and enhance cyberliteracy among children and adolescents.

Main Trends of Global Development: Its Reality and Prospects

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-88
Author(s):  
Alexander N. Chumakov
Keyword(s):  
Social Systems ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The West ◽  
West China ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Current State ◽  
Global World ◽  
World Development

Abstract The article analyzes the main parameters of the modern world development, its architectonics and the most important development trends. Modern communications and principles of interaction of various social systems are also considered. As a result, the most significant cultural-cum-civilizational systems are distinguished – the West, China, the Islamic world and Russia, which represent four global trends or four vectors of power that fundamentally affect the current state and prospects of world development. It is emphasized that the West and China have a global strategy, provided by objective circumstances. The Islamic world and Russia occupy an important geopolitical position and also have a special status in the global world.

scholarly journals Diagnostics in ballast water management

2018 ◽  
Vol 182 ◽  
pp. 02004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Bielski ◽  
Jacek Wachowicz ◽  
Ryszard Bielski ◽  
Arkadiusz Adamczyk ◽  
Hendra Jantanata
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Ballast Water ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
The Face ◽  
Ballast Tanks ◽  
Ballast Water Management

Diagnostics in ballast water management is the main remedy to protect against the threat of spreading invasive species that can be carried in ships' ballast tanks. This phenomenon is getting better known and understood. New and more effective methods of preventing threats related to this are being developed. Procedures are created to ensure environmental safety in the face of ever-increasing transport by sea. The article characterizes both the background of the problem, basic diagnostic medics used in ballast water management, as well as procedures and basic techniques used to ensure the safety of the natural environment..

scholarly journals The Meta Machine: Using Automation to Catalyze Leaps Forward in Meta-analytic Reviews

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Christopher Banks ◽  
Dan Foy ◽  
Boyoung Kim ◽  
Joanna Korman ◽  
Matthew Makel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Face ◽  
Meta Analyses

This paper briefly reviews the current state of meta-analytics research and suggests two innovations for dramatically increasing the efficiency and robustness of meta-analytic practice while simultaneously extending meta-analyses’ “shelf life” in the face of continually accumulating evidence.

scholarly journals The Principle of Continuous Biological Information Flow as the Fundamental Foundation for the Biological Sciences. Implications for Ageing Research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavi Marsellach
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Biological Knowledge ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Apparent Contradiction ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Face ◽  
Unique Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Flow Of Information

The current state of biological knowledge contains an unresolved paradox: life as a continuity in the face of the phenomena of ageing. In this manuscript I propose a theoretical framework that offers a solution for this apparent contradiction. The framework proposed is based on a rethinking of what ageing is at a molecular level, as well as on a rethinking of the mechanisms in charge of the flow of information from one generation to the following ones. I propose an information-based conception of ageing instead of the widely accepted damage-based conception of ageing and propose a full recovery of the chromosome theory of inheritance to describe the intergenerational flow of information. Altogether the proposed framework allows a precise and unique definition of what life is: a continuous flow of biological information. The proposed framework also implies that ageing is merely a consequence of the way in which epigenetically-coded phenotypic characteristics are passed from one generation to the next ones.

scholarly journals Web Application for Emotion-based Music Player

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Kamal Naina Soni
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Face ◽  
Current Mood ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Music Player

Abstract: Human expressions play an important role in the extraction of an individual's emotional state. It helps in determining the current state and mood of an individual, extracting and understanding the emotion that an individual has based on various features of the face such as eyes, cheeks, forehead, or even through the curve of the smile. A survey confirmed that people use Music as a form of expression. They often relate to a particular piece of music according to their emotions. Considering these aspects of how music impacts a part of the human brain and body, our project will deal with extracting the user’s facial expressions and features to determine the current mood of the user. Once the emotion is detected, a playlist of songs suitable to the mood of the user will be presented to the user. This can be a big help to alleviate the mood or simply calm the individual and can also get quicker song according to the mood, saving time from looking up different songs and parallel developing a software that can be used anywhere with the help of providing the functionality of playing music according to the emotion detected. Keywords: Music, Emotion recognition, Categorization, Recommendations, Computer vision, Camera

Orthodoxy and Cultural Identity through Music in the English Interregnum

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-138
Author(s):  
Joseph Arthur Mann
Keyword(s):  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Political Power ◽  
The Other ◽  
Court Culture ◽  
Charles I ◽  
Current State ◽  
Worship Services ◽  
Antebellum Period ◽  
The Face ◽  
Musical Propaganda

After the Parliamentarian faction defeated, captured, and executed Charles I in the last years of the 1640s, their quest for political power shifted to establishing and maintaining a new cultural orthodoxy based in Calvinist morality and to solidifying their new-found political power. At the same time, the recently defeated and oppressed Royalist faction sought to maintain their own culture in the face of this new Calvinist orthodoxy. Chapter two examines and exposes how both of these groups made use of musical propaganda to support these conflicting agendas. Parliamentarians hired propagandists or otherwise sanctioned and promoted publications that endorsed psalm-singing (an integral part of the new orthodoxy) and defended it from the even more radical religious beliefs of the Quakers, who were even against psalm-singing in worship services. Royalists, on the other hand, kept the court culture of wine, pastoral imagery, and (now covert) support for the monarchy alive while also reliving their glorious antebellum period through the publication of old antebellum songs and masque libretti and the publication of new songs that comment on the current state of their community, urging perseverance and unity in the face of oppression.

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