A Dictionary of Chinese Literature

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taiping Chang
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Chinese Literature ◽  
Literary Tradition ◽  
First Century ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Court Life ◽  
Key Terms

Over 240 entriesFrom the Shi jing (Classic of Songs) of the eleventh century bc, to the to the wanglu wenxue (Internet literature) of the twenty-first century, this authoritative dictionary covers key terms relative to the study of Chinese literature, from antiquity to the present day. a–z entries on key literary figures, trends, schools, movements, and literary collections are included, as well as detailed descriptions of traditional literary works, plays, dramas, stories, novels, and other main literary texts.This dictionary considers the Chinese literary tradition, and its relation to Chinese culture, customs, and court life, including the most up-to-date research materials with new scholarly assessments. Nearly all entries also contain bibliographies, opening another window for interested readers to pursue further study of the subject.

scholarly journals Deconstruction of Binary Opposition in Kritikus Adinan Story by Budi Darma

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Iswadi Bahardur
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Binary Opposition ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Data Source ◽  
The Subject

<p><span lang="EN-US">Writing this article backed by mult</span><span>i</span><span lang="EN-US"> interpretation problems raised by a text, especially literary texts. Mult</span><span>i</span><span lang="EN-US"> interpretation is inseparable from the consciousness and unconscious of the subject of the author, as well as the process of reconstruction by the reader. Based on this article this article aims to describe the results of deconstructing binary opposition readings on the story of <em>Kritikus Adinan</em> by Budi Darma. The data source used is the story of <em>Kritikus Adinan.</em> The research method used is descriptive analysis with the theoretical perspective of deconstruction of Jaques Derrida. Based on the findings and data analysis, the results show the following. <em>First</em>, the deconstruction readings of the <em>Kritikus Adinan</em> can not be separated from the word-scoring process as Jaques Derrida puts it in deconstruction theory. <em>Secondly</em>, the reconstruction of Kritkus Adinan’s story leads to unfamiliarity but leads the reader to discover the marginalized texts.<em> Third</em>, based on the results of deconstruction reading in the story of <em>Kritikus Adinan</em>, there is a binary opposition that has been denied and broken by the author by presenting a reversal of fact.  Suggestions that can be recommended are many other literary works that are worthy and important to be reviewed by other researchers to uncover the phenomenon of reversing the facts by the author.</span></p>

VIII.—The Romance Lyric From The Standpoint of Antecedent Latin Documents

PMLA ◽  
1911 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-314
Author(s):  
F. M. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Lyric Poetry ◽  
Medieval Literature ◽  
First Century ◽  
Chronological Order ◽  
Satisfactory Solution ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Natural Emotion ◽  
Definite Result ◽  
Relevant Material

The relation of Latin lyric poetry to the lyric poetry of the Romance peoples remains one of the interesting problems of medieval literature. It has already challenged the industry of generations of investigators with no definite result. And it may be doubted whether conclusions which are self-convincing will be reached in the immediate future. The chief hindrance to a satisfactory solution is presented, of course, by the incompleteness of relevant material. The examples of Latin lyrics which may be considered as expressive of natural emotion are few in number before the end of the eleventh century, and the poems of William IX are the first in Romance. There may be found here and there, to be sure, scattered hints of the existence of non-artistic poetry, whether in Latin or the vernacular, but the information so furnished by Latin writers is uncertain as well as meager. Widely different interpretations may be put on it. Contradictory theories find inconclusive support in it, further confusing an already perplexing problem. In view of all this doubt, and the difficulties with which the subject is still beset, it may not be unprofitable to go over the ground once more, and arrange the documents which allude to non-literary poetry, Latin or Romance, in their chronological order from the first century to the eleventh. While nothing new may be discovered from such a classification it will be useful to have at hand, grouped together, the texts from which the opposing factions draw their partisan arguments.

Native Books and the “English Book”

PMLA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moradewun Adejunmobi
Keyword(s):  
Postcolonial Theory ◽  
African Literature ◽  
First Century ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Large Individual ◽  
British Colonialism ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak

Those of us working in the american academy have so internalized the grammar of postcolonial theory that we now take for granted interstices, hybridity, slippage, and liminality, among other terms commonplace in the discourse of postcolonialism. Beyond the terms themselves, we have taken to heart, absorbed, and extended the lessons from Homi K. Bhabha's The Location of Culture. Those lessons furnished a stimulative template for analyzing particular power asymmetries. Nevertheless, scholars have not referred as widely as we might expect to Bhabha's work in general and The Location of Culture in particular, especially in some fields for which postcolonial theory was supposed to be a natural fit, such as African literary studies. The index of African Literature: An Anthology of Criticism and Theory, a 764-page compendium assembling many of the most important interventions in African literature from the 1970s to the early twenty-first century, is an instructive example: it lists only three entries for Bhabha (Olaniyan and Quayson). Given that postcolonial theory and African literary studies share an interest and a language (the aftermath of British colonialism and English) in their research agendas, we might also ponder the frequency with which postcolonial theory in the vein of Bhabha, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, and Edward Said has elicited critique from scholars working with African literary texts and in African studies writ large. Individual persuasion is at work in these critiques but so also undoubtedly are positionality and location. We should read the critiques, then, not for their universal resonance, but for an understanding of debates unfolding in specific locations around the world, as well as in relation to the subject positions of individual scholars and their ideological proclivities.

scholarly journals Migration and Its Discontents: A Postcolonial Rendering of NoViolet Bulawayo’s We Need New Names

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
Mamadou Abdou Babou Ngom
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Postcolonial Theory ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
First Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Painful Experience ◽  
Migratory Experience ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
History Of Race

This research paper is my attempt, through a blow-by-blow analysis of a fictional work of a rising star in postcolonial writing, to grapple with the manifold discontents that attend the event of migration. Migration is an astoundingly painful experience to go through, whose multifaceted toll on the subject may be beyond repair. Using NoViolet Bulawayo’s We Need New names as a stepping-stone, I argue that migration, albeit a time-honoured phenomenon has picked up speed in the twentieth-century and continued into the twenty-first century with a most heavy human toll. The paper emphasizes that even though the act of migration is underpinned by a hope for betterment, it may turn out to be a damp squid. No end of landmines and hiccups dot the migratory journey. The long-suffering postcolonial subject, hallmarked by the stifling strictures of marginality owing to a long history of race-based oppression that stretches back to the gruesome eras of the trans-Atlantic slave trade and colonization, is on the receiving end of the horrors of migration. I tap into key terms in postcolonial theory cum sociology-informed perspectives to make a valid point about the dehumanizing fallout from the migratory experience.

National—ethnic narratives in eleventh-century literary representations of Cnut

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 267-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Hobson
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Literary Tradition ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Literary Representations ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
English Identity

AbstractThis article takes literary representations of Cnut, the Danish conqueror of England, as a case study of the construction of English identity in the eleventh century. It traces representations of Cnut in four literary texts composed over the course of the century: the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, the Knútsdrápur, the Encomium Emmae Reginae, and Osbern of Canterbury's Translatio Sancti Ælfegi. Each of these texts constructs a politically useful national—ethnic identity through the figure of Cnut, using the mechanisms of kingship, piety and devotion, language, place and literary tradition to work through the particular exigencies faced by the audiences that they seek to address.

scholarly journals Dlaczego preromantyzm? Literatura przełomu XVIII i XIX stulecia w terminologii historyka literatury

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Paweł Pluta
Keyword(s):  
Literary Texts ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
The Subject

The article is an attempt to look at the meaning of the term “pre-Romanticism” through the prism of its functioning in literary texts. The subject of analysis are texts published in two book by Alina Aleksandrowicz and Ewa Grzęda. The two books are different in terms of the date (1991 and 2007) and the nature of the publication (collective volume and author’s anthology of literary works), but also linked to each other through the use of the term pre-Romanticism in their titles. The reconstructed senses of the term pre-Romanticism refer to aesthetic and literary phenomena which have their specific names in literary studies: Sentimentalism, Gothicism, Ossianism or Rococo. The observations of other literary researchers (T. Kostkiewiczowa, A. Kowalczykowa, J. Krzyżanowski, Z. Libera, J. Lyszczyna, J. Maciejewski), who previously considered the problem of pre-Romanticism, constitute a complementary or comparative material for the formulated conclusions.

Reading Old Books

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Mack
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Elizabeth Gaskell ◽  
Literary Tradition ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Ngugi Wa Thiong'o ◽  
First Century ◽  
Creative Power ◽  
Urban Deprivation ◽  
A Minor ◽  
International Character

In literary and cultural studies, “tradition” is a word everyone uses but few address critically. In this book, the author offers a wide-ranging exploration of the creative power of literary tradition, from the middle ages to the twenty-first century, revealing in new ways how it helps writers and readers make new works and meanings. The book argues that the best way to understand tradition is by examining the moments when a writer takes up an old text and writes something new out of a dialogue with that text and the promptings of the present situation. The book examines Petrarch as a user, instigator, and victim of tradition. It shows how Chaucer became the first great English writer by translating and adapting a minor poem by Boccaccio. It investigates how Ariosto, Tasso, and Spenser made new epic meanings by playing with assumptions, episodes, and phrases translated from their predecessors. It then analyzes how the Victorian novelist Elizabeth Gaskell drew on tradition to address the new problem of urban deprivation in Mary Barton. And, finally, it looks at how the Kenyan writer Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o, in his 2004 novel Wizard of the Crow, reflects on biblical, English literary, and African traditions. Drawing on key theorists, critics, historians, and sociologists, and stressing the international character of literary tradition, the book illuminates the not entirely free choices readers and writers make to create meaning in collaboration and competition with their models.

PENERAPAN METODE BERMAIN PERAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA ASPEK BERBICARA

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Musa Ismail
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Role Play ◽  
Senior High School ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Communication Ability ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

Indonesian language (IN) is one of the obligatory lessons in Senior High  School. The learning of Indonesian language is pointed to the  increasing ability of students. This aim  to increase students’ ability to communicate in Indonesian language well and properly. The communication ability is expected especially in oral and written. Besides, students are hoped to  be  able  to  appreciate  literary works. The objective of this research is to identify and to describe the implementation of role play method in the efforts to increase the activity of Indonesian language  learning  in speaking aspects and to identify and to get  the description whether  the implementation of the method can increase process and result speaking aspect of Indonesian language learning of students class XI IPS 1, Semester 1, SMAN 3 Bengkalis. The method used was classroom action method and the subject was class XII IPS 1, semester 1, SMAN 3 Bengkalis. The collection of data and information were carried out by observation, journal and document study. The result of the research showed that (1) The implementation of of  role play method can increase  the activities of  speaking aspects  in   Indonesian  language learning. On the  1st cycle1, 1st meeting, the percentage of students’ activities was 73% with the good category (3,6), while on the second meeting, it was 82% with the very good category (3,7). On the first meeting of the second cycle, the percentage of students’ activities became 83% with the very good category (4,3), while on the second meeting was 96% with the  very good category (5,0), (2) The implementation of role play method is able to increase the result of speaking aspect in learning Indonesian language. On the first cycle, the students’ reserved effort was 73% while on the second cycle was 77%. Meanwhile, based on attachment 3, the classical completeness on cycle 1 reached 86%, on cycle 2,  it  increased 96%. Based on the result  of  the  research,  the  researcher proposed that it would be better for the Indonesian language  teachers to implement role play method for the materials  that  are  suitable  with . speaking aspects. The reason is that this method is proved to be able to increase the process and result of students  learning. When implementing  this method,  teachers are hoped to give guidance, motivation, and explanation that more focused so that students can learn optimally.Abstrak  Bahasa Indonesia (BI) merupakan salah satu mata pelajaran wajib di SMA. Pembelajaran BI diarahkan  untuk  meningkatkan  kemampuan  peserta  didik.  Hal  ini  bertujuan  untuk meningkatkan  kemampuan  siswa  berkomunikasi  dalam  BI  dengan  baik  dan  benar. Kemampuan  berkomunikasi  yang  diharapkan  terutama  secara  lisan maupun  tulisan.  Selain itu,  siswa  diharapkan  juga  sanggup mengapresiasi  hasil  karya  sastra.  Tujuan  penelitian  ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan bagaimana penerapan metode bermain peran dalam upaya meningkatkan aktivitas pembelajaran BI aspek berbicara dan untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan  apakah  penerapan metode  bermain  peran  dapat meningkatkan  proses dan  hasil  pembelajaran  BI  aspek  berbicara  siswa  kelas  XI  IPS  1,  Semester  1,  SMAN  3 Bengkalis. Metode  penelitian  ini  adalah  penelitian  tindakan  kelas  dengan  subjek  penelitian siswa  kelas  XII  IPS  1,  semester  1,  SMAN  3  Bengkalis.  Pengumpulan  data  dan  informasi dilakukan melalui observasi/pengamatan,  jurnal, dan telaah dokumen. Hasil penelitian, yaitu  (1)  Penerapan  metode  bermain  peran  dapat  meningkatkan  aktivitas  pembelajaran  Bahasa Indonesia aspek berbicara pada  siswa kelas XI  IPS  1, Semester  1, SMAN  3 Bengkalis T.P. 2013/2014.  Pada  siklus  1  pertemuan  1,  persentase  aktivitas  belajar  siswa  adalah  73  persen dengan kategori  baik  (3,6),  sedangkan pertemuan  2  sebesar 82 persen dengan kategori  baik (3,7). Pada siklus 2 pertemuan 1, persentase aktivitas belajar siswa menjadi 83 persen dengan kategori sangat baik (4,3), sedangkan pertemuan 2 sebesar 96 persen dengan kategori sangat baik  (5,0);  (2)  Penerapan  metode  bermain  peran  dapat  meningkatkan  hasil  pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia aspek berbicara siswa kelas XI IPS 1, Semester 1, SMAN 3 Bengkalis T.P 2013/2014. Pada siklus 1, daya serap siswa sebesar 73 persen, sedangkan siklus 2 sebesar 77 persen. Sementara itu, berdasarkan Lampiran 3, ketuntasan klasikal pada  siklus  1 mencapai 86  persen,  sedangkan pada siklus 2 meningkat  menjadi  96  persen. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, peneliti menyarankan agar guru mata pelajaran, khususnya Bahasa Indonesia sebaiknya menerapkan metode bermain  peran untuk materi yang sesuai dengan aspek berbicara. Alasannya, metode ini terbukti mampu meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa. Ketika menerapkan metode bermain peran untuk aspek  berbicara, guru dituntut memberikan bimbingan, motivasi, dan penjelasan yang  lebih  terfokus agar siswa dapat melaksanakan pembelajaran dengan maksimal.

Menelusuri Bentang Alam Dalam Karya Sastra Yang Bertema Lingkungan Alam

Jurnal KATA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Nanny Sri Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Space Communications ◽  
Story Structure ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Media Space ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Subject

<p>Sebuah peristiwa, dalam kehidupan manusia, dapat menjadi inspirasi bagi penulisan sebuah cerita. Pengarang, sebagai bagian dari masyarakatnya, mengangkat relung-relung kehidupan manusia, ke dalam sebuah cerita. Namun harus dipahami, bahwa pengalaman pengarang dalam kehidupannya sehari-hari, juga mempengaruhi subjek yang ditulisnya. Saat ini tidak dapat dipungkiri lagi, bahwa teknologi komunikasi yang sangat canggih, telah mempengaruhi perkembangan karya sastra. Media penulisan karya sastra, tidak lagi melalui media cetak seperti kertas tetapi sudah melalui peralatan modern yang sesuai jamannya. Namun demikian ragam karya sastra prosa, seperti cerita pendek, justru mampu mengisi ruang media kommunikasi tersebut. Dua orang pengarang, yang menulis cerita pendek di media masa, berusaha mengangkat isu tentang lingkungan. Isu yang diangkat, lebih menekankan kepada masalah lingkungan alam dengan mengangkat isu tentang pohon sebagai bagian dari kehidupan manusia. Tujuan penelitian ini, untuk menelusuri struktur cerita pendek yang mengangkat isu lingkungan dalam jalinan ceritanya. Untuk memenuhi tujuan penelitian, langkah awal dari penelitian ini, adalah melakukan pendekatan struktur cerita, yang kemudian dikaitkan dengan pencarian makna cerita tersebut. Sering sekali di balik sebuah cerita ada pesan yang ingin disampaikan kepada masyarakat pembacanya. Bentuk pesan tersebut tersirat, dalam jalinan struktur cerita pendek tersebut. Pesan yang disampaikan, dalam kedua cerita pendek tersebut,  adalah pesan tentang lingkungan alam, yang  saat ini tidak pernah diperhatikan oleh masyarakat. Dengan alasan, kebutuhan ekonomi yang sangat dominan.</p><p><em>An event, in human life, can be an inspiration for writing a story. The author, as a part of his society, lifts the niches of human life, into a story. But it must be understood, that the author's experience in everyday life, also affects the subject he wrote.</em><em> </em><em>Today it is undeniable, that highly sophisticated communication technology, has influenced the development of literary works. Media writing literature, no longer through print media such as paper but have been through modern equipment that fit his era.</em><em> </em><em>However, the variety of prose literary works, such as short stories, is able to fill the media space communications. Two authors, who write short stories in the mass media, try to raise issues about the environment. Issues raised, more emphasis on the issue of the natural environment by raising the issue, about the tree as part of human life. The purpose of this research, is to trace the structure of short stories, which raised environmental issues in the composition of the story. To fulfill the purpose of research, the first step of this research, is to approach the structure of the story, which is then linked with the search for the meaning of the story. Very often, behind a story, there is a message to be conveyed to the readers. The form of the message is implied, in the composition of the short story structure. The message conveyed, in both short stories, is a message about the natural environment, which today is never noticed by society. The message conveyed, in both short stories, is a message about the natural environment, which today is never noticed by society.</em></p>

Assembling Archaeology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Cobb ◽  
Karina Croucher
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Undergraduate Student ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Cultural Resource Management ◽  
First Century ◽  
Cultural Resource ◽  
Archaeological Practice ◽  
Material Turn ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Perspective

This book provides a radical rethinking of the relationships between teaching, researching, digging, and practicing as an archaeologist in the twenty-first century. The issues addressed here are global and are applicable wherever archaeology is taught, practiced, and researched. In short, this book is applicable to everyone from academia to cultural resource management (CRM), from heritage professional to undergraduate student. At its heart, it addresses the undervaluation of teaching, demonstrating that this affects the fundamentals of contemporary archaeological practice, and is particularly connected to the lack of diversity in disciplinary demographics. It proposes a solution which is grounded in a theoretical rethinking of our teaching, training, and practice. Drawing upon the insights from archaeology’s current material turn, and particularly Deleuze and Guattari’s concept of assemblages, this volume turns the discipline of archaeology into the subject of investigation, considering the relationships between teaching, practice, and research. It offers a new perspective which prompts a rethinking of our expectations and values with regard to teaching, training, and doing archaeology, and ultimately argues that we are all constantly becoming archaeologists.

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