Habitus and Field

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Leander
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Social World ◽  
The Body ◽  
International Studies ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Heuristic Devices

The terms habitus and field are useful heuristic devices for thinking about power relations in international studies. Habitus refers to a person’s taken-for-granted, unreflected—hence largely habitual—way of thinking and acting. The habitus is a “structuring structure” shaping understandings, attitudes, behavior, and the body. It is formed through the accumulated experience of people in different fields. Using fields to study the social world is to acknowledge that social life is highly differentiated. A field can be exceedingly varied in scope and scale. A family, a village, a market, an organization, or a profession may be conceptualized as a field provided it develops its own organizing logic around a stake at stake. Each field is marked by its own taken-for-granted understanding of the world, implicit and explicit rules of behavior, and valuation of what confers power onto someone: that is, what counts as “capital.” The analysis of power through the habitus/field makes it possible to transcend the distinctions between the material and the “ideational” as well as between the individual and the structural. Moreover, working with habitus/field in international studies problematizes the role played by central organizing divides, such as the inside/outside and the public/private; and can uncover politics not primarily structured by these divides. Developing research drawing on habitus/field in international studies will be worthwhile for international studies scholars wishing to raise and answer questions about symbolic power/violence.

Abstract Right: Natural Immediacy within the Matrices of Personhood

2018 ◽  
pp. 168-188
Author(s):  
Wes Furlotte
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Social World ◽  
Acting Out ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Opening Section

Chapter ten, therefore, examines the opening section of Hegel’s Rechtphilosophie, “Abstract Right,” in order develop a ‘preliminary sketch’ of the concepts of right and juridical personhood. The chapter historically contextualizes Hegel in relation to the mechanical deterministic conception of the individual (Hobbes) and abstract, though free, conceptions (Rousseau, Kant, Fichte). The chapter then moves to point out Hegel’s uniqueness in this context. Synthesizing Hobbesian and Fichtean standpoints, Hegel argues that the natural dimension of the individual (impulse, drive, and whim) is crucial to the genesis of actual freedom in the social world. Reconstructing Hegel’s analysis, the chapter shows that freedom is not undermined by acting out on one’s desires, impulses etc. but is brought into the world by these very drives. Although these drives are historically and socially conditioned they are, nevertheless, immediate and therefore constitutive of the basal level of juridical personhood. Thereby the chapter argues that a new sense of nature arises within Hegel’s political philosophy. The task, then, is to pursue what nature must mean within the fields constituting the socio-political.

scholarly journals Reading the Biopic through Persona: A Comparison between "Bohemian Rhapsody" and "Rocketman"

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
pp. 10-30
Author(s):  
Hannah Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Social World ◽  
Performance Style ◽  
The Public ◽  
High Profile ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mise En Scene ◽  
The World ◽  
Alter Ego ◽  
Private Individual ◽  
Private Identity

Personas are the public expressions of a private identity, the performance of personality in the social world. They are particularly visible and familiar in the world of celebrity, where entertainers regularly adopt an alter-ego for performance. This has intriguing consequences for biographical representations of performers. Biopic actors are obliged to duplicate the public-facing persona, which is an already-known, semi-fictional construction, and the private individual beneath. The narrative of the biopic must account for this relationship between the persona and the person who authors it. This article explores this process in two high-profile rock biopics, Bohemian Rhapsody (2018) and Rocketman (2019), comparing their different approaches to reproducing and exploring the persona of their subjects in performance, style and mise en scène.

scholarly journals Ken Donald and Muscular Christianity

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 305
Author(s):  
Mark Loane
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Public ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
The World ◽  
Muscular Christianity ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Mind

?MUSCULAR CHRISTIANITY? was a system which relied upon sport to allow people to grow in a moral and spiritual way along with their physical development. It was thought that . . . in the playing field boys acquire virtues which no books can give them; not merely daring and endurance, but, better still temper, self restraint, fairness, honor, unenvious approbation of another?s success, and all that ?give and take? of life which stand a man in good stead when he goes forth into the world, and without which, indeed, his success is always maimed and partial [Kingsley cited from Haley, in Watson et al].1 This system of thought held that a man?s body is given him to be trained and brought into subjection and then used for the protection of the weak, the advancement of all righteous causes [Hughes, cited in Watson et al].1 The body . . . [is] . . . a vehicle by which through gesture the soul could speak [Blooomfield, cited in Watson et al].1 In the 1800s there was a strong alignment of Muscular Christianity and the game of Rugby: If the Muscular Christians and their disciples in the public schools, given sufficient wit, had been asked to invent a game that exhausted boys before they could fall victims to vice and idleness, which at the same time instilled the manly virtues of absorbing and inflicting pain in about equal proportions, which elevated the team above the individual, which bred courage, loyalty and discipline, which as yet had no taint of professionalism and which, as an added bonus, occupied 30 boys at a time instead of a mere twenty two, it is probably something like rugby that they would have devised. [Dobbs, cited in Watson et al]1 The idea of Muscular Christianity came from the Greek ideals of athleticism that comprise the development of an excellent mind contained within an excellent body. Plato stated that one must avoid exercising either the mind or body without the other to preserve an equal and healthy balance between the two.

The Sociologist's Eye

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Erikson
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Social Thinking ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Landscape ◽  
The World ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Human Social Life

This book is a masterful introduction to, and appreciation of, sociology as a window into our world. The culmination of a distinguished career, and a fascinating exploration into the nature of human social life, the book describes the field of sociology as a way of looking at the world rather than as a simple gathering of facts about it. It notes that sociologists look out at the same human scenes as poets, historians, economists, or any other observers of the vast social landscape spread out before them, but select different aspects of that vast panorama to focus on and attend to. The book considers how sociology became a field of study, and how it has turned its attention over time to new areas of study such as race and gender and what the book calls “social speciation.” The book provides readers with new ways of The Individual and the Social thinking about human culture and social life.

Bolognina gym

Ethnography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-310
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Scandurra
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Social World ◽  
Children Of Immigrants ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vocational School ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World

Abstract This article describes the social organization of the ‘Tranvieri’ boxing gym in Bolognina, a working class Bologna neighbourhood that has seen rapid change over the last 20 years due to the closure of factories and arrival of immigrants, especially from the Maghreb. The population of the gym has changed accordingly: currently, about two-thirds of those attending the gym as a leisure centre are children of immigrants. I have studied the practices of everyday life, the ‘techniques of the body’ of these young boxers born in Italy but without citizenship, who frequent the gym daily after vocational school or work and attending to family responsibilities. For these young men, boxing is not a solution to the frustrations inflicted by a social world they perceive as indifferent, if not hostile, towards them; rather, it offers them a chance to be represented within that world as something other than merely excluded. As scholars have shown, boxing is a male world: women are perceived as extraneous to the gym and, although two or three women practise boxing at Tranvieri, female boxing is generally met with disapproval. The tension between the boxing world and the world of women is also exhibited in the conflict between trainers, who wish to strictly control the athletes in terms of diet, schedules and sexual practices, and the boxers’ mothers, wives and girlfriends.

Migration as a metaphor for time

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-291
Author(s):  
Brian Lambkin
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Peace Process ◽  
Social World ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Intractable Problem

Two previous articles proposed the reframing of metaphors for metaphor and time in terms of migration as a device or tool for promoting public understanding. They addressed the difficulty in the social world of explaining the world of metaphor and the world of time (Lambkin, 2012, 2014). The latter was concerned with a particular difficulty of time: explaining how we access the world of the past and the world of the future from the world of the present. The concern here is with a further difficulty of time: explaining how, once ‘accessed’, we ‘deal with’ the past and ‘deal with’ the future. It is argued that a better understanding of the simultaneity of these two inextricably linked actions is important in the social world, especially in the discourse of conflict resolution when the tension between ‘dealing with’ the past and ‘dealing with’ the future is an intractable problem, as currently in the Northern Ireland ‘peace process’. The metaphorical representation of that tension is examined in a recent document of the Northern Ireland peace process (Haas & O’Sullivan, 2013) and in three other illustrative texts (Hughes & Hamlin, 1977; Giddens, 1999; Cameron, 2011). A proposal is made for reframing the phenomenon of ‘simultaneous pluralism’ or ‘plural singularity’ in terms of migration, as a way of promoting the public understanding of time in particular, and as an aid to resolving or ‘dealing with’ the tension between ‘dealing with’ the past and ‘dealing with’ the future when in the social world it becomes problematic.

scholarly journals Axiology of Socialisation in Families of Nationally Dualistic Provenance

Pedagogika ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
Alicja Szerląg
Keyword(s):  
Family Environment ◽  
Social World ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Diverse Environment ◽  
The World ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Double Nature ◽  
Nationally Diverse

Multidimensionality and complexity of the world of a contemporary human is constituted by processes of defragmentation and deconstruction it involves, but on the other hand engages globalization and integration acknowledged within social and cultural orders. Hence, such new circumstances manifested particularly in cultural borderlands require changes in the process of socialisation, which introduces the young generation to such reality. It must be remember, that everyday life of such generation is dynamised by cultural differences of national provenance, which appear due to the national diversity of families, as well as residing in a nationally diverse environment. These two factors significantly influence the process of shaping identity which is a specific“ <…> location in a world only within which it can be subjectively assimilated, <…> Identification always takes place within a given social world, <…> subjective assimilation of the identity as well as subjective assimilation of the social world are various aspects of the same process of internalisation, where the significant Others mediate (Berger & Luckman, 2001). Therefore, the individual identity is shaped “ <…> in a given group under the influence of a given culture. A human has no other way but to construct the image and concept of own self, or to belong to, and identify with other(s) only when the group of reference is established, i.e. those important for own self and the cultural heritage.” (Nikitorowicz, 2005). As a result, the identity is located within the necessity and the choice (Budakowska, 2005), hence within and beyond borders, between this, what is inherited, and this, where one currently is (Chambers, 1994). This particular attention drawn to the quality of the socialisation process taking place in a culturally diverse family environment, where national diversity creates the axiology of a national and cultural self-identification of the youth, shaping their national identity, often of dual (double) nature. Such phenomenon occurs due to the fact that the world internalised in the course of primary (family) socialisation is entrenched in the awareness of the young individuals (Berger & Luckman, 2001). Therefore, the above reflections were made by the author a point of reference for the research exploration on axiology of the family socialisation in the context of national duality, occurring in nationally diverse families that have been also living in a nationally diverse environment for generations.

scholarly journals A view of women in painting from the past to the present: the image of women in art and women painters

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-449
Author(s):  
Zuhal Köse ◽  
Gülsün Şahan
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Turkish Women ◽  
Frida Kahlo ◽  
The Social ◽  
Women In Art ◽  
The World ◽  
Artemisia Gentileschi ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Sexual Object

The woman, has been one of the main themes of art throughout all art processes. Social processes and the place of women in society were also reflected in art and shaped the image of women in art. The same, artwork sheds light on the social conditions of the period. The fact that women remain in the background in social life is seen in the art of painting as in many other fields since the transition to the patriarchal order. Although the image of the woman has changed over the years, the woman is outside of her identity; It continued to be processed as a mother, wife or sexual object. Despite many advances in the individual works of contemporary artists and in the art that values women, a prejudiced view towards women has not yet been prevented. When the number of women engaged in art increases, women's self-expression has brought a different dimension to this commodification instead of the male gaze. The inclusion of feminist discourse and the changing structure of the world in art has also affected the role of women in social life. Art is one of the methods that can be used to achieve social change. For this reason, it can be said that women should continue to raise their voices for their rights and freedoms through art. One of the biggest roles in this regard falls to female artists. In this research; Throughout history, the image of women in painting and women painters have been examined, and the process of women's existence in art has been evaluated. For this purpose, written documents on the image of women, women painters and their lives from past to present have been examined. The image of women in art and its change throughout history, prominent female painters in the world, the image of women in Turkish painting and Turkish women painters, have revealed the place of women in the field of painting. Levina Teerlinc, Artemisia Gentileschi, Rosa Bonheur, Käthe Kollwitz, Frida Kahlo, Jeny Saville, Mihri Müşfik, Fahrünnisa Zeid, Şükriye Dikmen, Neşe Erdok, Nur Koçak and Gülsün Karamustafa, among the prominent painters in terms of Turkish and world history, were discussed. ​Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.   Özet The woman, has been one of the main themes of art throughout all art processes. Social processes and the place of women in society were also reflected in art and shaped the image of women in art. The same, artwork sheds light on the social conditions of the period. The fact that women remain in the background in social life is seen in the art of painting as in many other fields since the transition to the patriarchal order. Although the image of the woman has changed over the years, the woman is outside of her identity; It continued to be processed as a mother, wife or sexual object. Despite many advances in the individual works of contemporary artists and in the art that values women, a prejudiced view towards women has not yet been prevented. When the number of women engaged in art increases, women's self-expression has brought a different dimension to this commodification instead of the male gaze. The inclusion of feminist discourse and the changing structure of the world in art has also affected the role of women in social life. Art is one of the methods that can be used to achieve social change. For this reason, it can be said that women should continue to raise their voices for their rights and freedoms through art. One of the biggest roles in this regard falls to female artists. In this research; Throughout history, the image of women in painting and women painters have been examined, and the process of women's existence in art has been evaluated. For this purpose, written documents on the image of women, women painters and their lives from past to present have been examined. The image of women in art and its change throughout history, prominent female painters in the world, the image of women in Turkish painting and Turkish women painters, have revealed the place of women in the field of painting. Levina Teerlinc, Artemisia Gentileschi, Rosa Bonheur, Käthe Kollwitz, Frida Kahlo, Jeny Saville, Mihri Müşfik, Fahrünnisa Zeid, Şükriye Dikmen, Neşe Erdok, Nur Koçak and Gülsün Karamustafa, among the prominent painters in terms of Turkish and world history, were discussed.

Natural law as early social thought: The recovery of natural law for sociology

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-90
Author(s):  
Angela Leahy
Keyword(s):  
Natural Law ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social World ◽  
Social Thought ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Contemporary Sociology ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual

Natural law contains much social thought that predates sociology and related disciplines, and can be seen as part of the prehistory of the human sciences. Key concerns of natural law thinkers include the achievement of social life and society, and the individual’s place therein. However, there is an enduring tendency within sociology to dismiss the ahistoricism and universalism of natural law, and therefore to reject natural law thought in its entirety. This article proposes an approach that rescues the sociological relevance of natural law. It draws on the respective methods of Chris Thornhill and Gary Wickham, who each seek to recover the importance of natural law for sociology. Thornhill treats natural law as a valid sociological object by focusing on its functions within society rather than engaging with its ahistorical concepts. His focus on the external functions of natural law, however, leads to a neglect of the internal conceptualisations of the social world in natural law thought. This in turn leads to a misinterpretation of Hobbes and voluntarist natural law. Wickham, on the other hand, explores in detail Hobbesian conceptions of society and the individual that Wickham argues can be utilised within contemporary sociology. This article revises Thornhill’s methodological framework in order to secure a space for the recovery of natural law as social thought. This approach allows for the recognition of natural law as an important piece of the epistemological background against which contemporary understandings of the human and society emerged.

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