scholarly journals Perspective: The Role of Human Breast-Milk Extracellular Vesicles in Child Health and Disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel O'Reilly ◽  
Denis Dorodnykh ◽  
Nina V Avdeenko ◽  
Nikita A Nekliudov ◽  
Johan Garssen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Beneficial Effects

ABSTRACT Human breast milk (HM) contains multiple bioactive substances determining its impact on children's health. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of secreted nanoparticles that are present in HM and may be partially responsible for its beneficial effects. The precise roles and content of EVs in HM remain largely unknown. To examine this, we performed a short narrative review on the literature focusing on HM EVs to contextualize the available data, followed by a scoping review of MEDLINE and Embase databases. We identified 424 nonduplicate citations with 19 original studies included. In this perspective, we summarize the evidence around HM EVs, highlight some theoretical considerations based on existing evidence, and provide an overview of some challenges associated with the complexity and heterogeneity of EV research. We consider how the existing data from HM studies conform to the minimal information for studies of EVs (MISEV) guidelines. Across the studies a variety of research methods were utilized involving both bench-based and translational methods, and a range of different EV contents were examined including RNA, proteins, and glycopeptides. We observed a variety of health outcomes in these studies, including allergy and atopy, necrotizing enterocolitis, and HIV. While some promising results have been demonstrated, the heterogeneity in outcomes of interest, methodological limitations, and relatively small number of studies in the field make comparison between studies or further translational work problematic. To date, no studies have examined normative values of HM EVs in a large, diverse population or with respect to potentially important influencing factors such as timing (hind- vs. foremilk), stage (colostrum vs. mature milk), and infant age (preterm vs. term), which makes extrapolation from bench or “basic” research impossible. Future research should focus on addressing the current inadequacies in the literature and utilize MISEV guidelines to inform study design.

Stress tolerance in Lactobacillus plantarum LMF6 isolated from human breast milk

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 173-184
Author(s):  
Fatima Zohra Baghdad Belhadj ◽  
Faiza Boublenza ◽  
Nour-Eddine Karam
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Stress Proteins ◽  
Acid Stress ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Extreme Heat Stress

Lactobacillus plantarum is a lactic acid bacterium widely used in the food industry because of its beneficial effects on human health and its ability of adaptation to different stress conditions, hence the purpose of this work was to study the adaptation abilities of Lactobacillus plantarum LM6 and stress proteins involved during this adapta on. Lb. plantarum LMF6 was isolated from human breast milk and was exposed to acid, alkaline, thermal, oxidative, osmotic, detergent and nutritional stresses in order to determine their effects on growth, viability, tolerance and mortality. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis allowed us to compare the total proteins in the absence and in the presence of stress then the ImageJ® so ware analyzed the obtained pro les. The results show that Lb. plantarum LMF6 is highly tolerant to osmo c (at 9% NaCl, the UFC number is 3.4×1010 UFC/ml), alkaline (4.7×107UFC/ml at pH10), detergent (the UFC number is close to the control), oxydative (3.3×108 UFC/ml), nutri onnal (5.2×107 UFC/ml), acid (pH5, pH4 and pH3) and heat (40°C, 45°C and 50°C with 1.45×1011, 2.78×109 and 2.80×108UFC/ml respec vely) stresses, but sensi ve to extreme acid stress (pH1 and pH2 with mortality rate variable from 5log to 10log) and extreme heat stress (55°C and 60°C when mortality increases to 8log at 60°C). Comparison of proteins profiles allowed us to see quantitative and qualitative differences. Our results allowed to say that Lb. plantarum LMF6 showed interesting characteristics and could be used in food industry as probio c lactobacilli.

scholarly journals 2586. Human Breast Milk Inhibits the Replication of Parechovirus-A3

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S899-S899
Author(s):  
Ryohei Izumita ◽  
Kazuki Kon ◽  
Yuta Aizawa ◽  
Kanako Watanabe ◽  
Akihiko Saitoh
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Antiviral Effect ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Young Infants

Abstract Background Parechovirus-A3 (PeV-A3) is an emerging pathogen causing sepsis and meningoencephalitis in neonates and young infants. We previously reported that maternal antibodies against PeV-A3 are important to protect neonates and young infants from the infection. Recent studies showed that (1) breastfeeding had a protective effect against enterovirus, which is closely-related virus to PeV-A, and (2) human breast milk (HBM) neutralized enterovirus in vitro. Currently, no report is available related to the antiviral effect of HBM against PeV-A3. Methods HBM (colostrum, 3–5 days after childbirth; mature milk, 1 month after childbirth) and serum (within ± 1 week of child’s birthday) samples were obtained from mothers at obstetrics clinic in Niigata, Japan. Neutralizing antibody titers (NATs) against PeV-A3 were measured using the Vero cells. Results The anti-PeV-A3 NATs of colostrum (n = 32) ranged from 1:8 to 1:2048, those ≥1:32 was 59% (19/32). Whereas, the anti-PeV-A3 NATs of mature milk ranged from 1:8 to 1:96. and those ≥1:32 was 20% (2/20) (P < 0.001). The median NATs anti-PeV-A3 was higher in colostrum (1:32) compared with mature milk (1:8) (P < 0.001). There was a strong positive correlation between the NATs of colostrum and serum (r = 0.604, P < 0.001, Figure). Conclusion This study showed that HBM had high NATs against PeV-A3, which was correlated with serum NATs. Further studies are necessary to investigate which components of HBM has antiviral effects against PeV-A3. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Analysis of the human breast milk microbiome and bacterial extracellular vesicles in healthy mothers

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 1288-1297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Yeong Kim ◽  
Dae Yong Yi
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Vertical Transfer ◽  
Gut Colonization ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
Two Samples

Abstract The microbiota of human breast milk (HBM) contribute to infant gut colonization; however, whether bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) are present in HBM or might contribute to this process remains unknown. In this study, we characterized the HBM microbiota of healthy Korean mothers and measured the key bacteria likely affecting infant gut colonization by analyzing both the microbiota and bacterial EVs. A total of 22 HBM samples were collected from lactating mothers. The DNA of bacteria and bacteria-derived EVs was extracted from each sample. In alpha-diversity analyses, bacterial samples showed higher richness and evenness than bacterial EV samples, and beta-diversity analyses showed significant differences between bacteria and bacterial EVs within identical individual samples. Firmicutes accounted for the largest proportion among the phyla, followed by Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria, in both bacteria and bacterial EV samples. At the genus level, Streptococcus (25.1%) and Staphylococcus (10.7%) were predominant in bacterial samples, whereas Bacteroides (9.1%), Acinetobacter (6.9%), and Lactobacillaceae(f) (5.5%) were prevalent in bacterial EV samples. Several genera, including Bifidobacterium, were significantly positively correlated between the two samples. This study revealed the diverse bacterial communities in the HBM of healthy lactating mothers, and found that gut-associated genera accounted for a high proportion in bacterial EV samples. Our findings suggest the existence of key bacteria with metabolic activity that are independent of the major bacterial populations that inhabit HBM, and the possibility that EVs derived from these bacteria are involved in the vertical transfer of gut microbiota.

scholarly journals LACTOFERRIN LEVELS IN MOTHER’S MILK

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (04) ◽  
pp. 527-530
Author(s):  
SYED QAISER HUSAIN NAQVI ◽  
MOHAMMAD SHIRAZ KHAN ◽  
ALI AKBAR SIYAL ◽  
Mir Muhammad Sehto ◽  
Riaz Ahmed Qazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
Mother's Milk ◽  
The Mean

Objective: This study was aimed to see the significance of Lactoferrin in human breast milk among lactating mothers of healthyand sick babies. Place and duration: This study was conducted at pathology and paediatrics departments of Peoples University of Medical andHealth Sciences Nawabshah, Shaheed Benazirabad between Jan 2011 to Dec 2011. Design: Cross sectional study. Method: Lactoferrinlevels in breast milk of 356 mothers of healthy babies were estimated and similarly lactoferrin levels in breast milk of 318 lactating mothers ofsick babies were estimated & these results were analyzed. Results: the mean lactoferrin level in breast milk of 356 lactating mothers of healthybabies was 9.37 mg/ml and the mean lactoferrin level in breast milk of 318 mothers nursing sick babies was 3.73mg/ml. Conclusions: There isdecrease in lactoferrin levels of lactating mothers of sick babies in their mature milk, which could account for the susceptibility of their babies toinfection.

Breast Milk Stem Cell Survival in Neonate's Gut, Entery into Neonate Circulation and Adaption by the Body

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Therapeutic Uses

: The stem cell exchange during pregnancy is thought to remain chimeras for life. Few studies recently revealed that maternal transfer of viable stem cells to the offspring continues even after birth during breastfeeding. Some of these stem cells are likely to be integrated into different organs (brain, blood, kidneys, and pancreas) including neurons and insulin-producing cells in the pancreas to become functional cells. This finding opens a new avenue for research on therapeutic uses of breast milk- derived stem cells. : Recently Dr. Foteini Hassiotou used glowing mice, which were genetically modified to express a gene called tdTomato that causes cells to appear red under fluorescence light. These mice were mated, and their babies were swapped with the pups of another, unmodified mother mouse. The new pups suckled the modified mouse and, as a result, obtained glowing red stem cells from breast milk. The study has never been replicated in humans, so it is not clear yet if the findings apply to humans as in the case of mice. However, the results of the study are the jumping-off points for future research on human breast milk stem cells and their possible application in stem cell therapies. Additional studies are necessary to understand the passage of human breast milk stem cells through the neonate’s GI tract, and passage to the systemic circulation.

scholarly journals Human Breast Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in the Protection Against Experimental Necrotizing Enterocolitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney Pisano ◽  
Jeffrey Galley ◽  
Mostafa Elbahrawy ◽  
Yijie Wang ◽  
Aidan Farrell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast

scholarly journals Recovery of extracellular vesicles from human breast milk is influenced by sample collection and vesicle isolation procedures

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 24215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marijke I. Zonneveld ◽  
Alain R. Brisson ◽  
Martijn J. C. van Herwijnen ◽  
Sisareuth Tan ◽  
Chris H. A. van de Lest ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Sample Collection

scholarly journals Expression profiles of hsa-miR-148a-3p and hsa-miR-125b-5p in human breast milk and infant formulae

2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Chiba ◽  
Aya Kooka ◽  
Kiyoko Kowatari ◽  
Megumi Yoshizawa ◽  
Naoko Chiba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gastrointestinal Function ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Infant Formulae ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Transition Milk

Abstract Background Milk-derived microRNAs (miRNAs), including hsa-miR-148a-3p (miR-148a) and hsa-miR-125b-5p (miR-125b), have been shown to be beneficial to the gastrointestinal function in infants. Here, we investigated their expression during lactation in humans and determined whether the infant formulae available in Japan contain these miRNAs. Methods Healthy Japanese women (n = 16) who gave birth vaginally or by cesarean section at the Teine Keijinkai Hospital between 1 September 2020, and 31 April 2021 were included in this study. Breast milk was collected by nurses on days 4 or 5 after delivery (hereinafter, transition milk) and on day 30 of postpartum (hereinafter, mature milk). The levels of miR-148a and miR-125b in breastmilk and six commercially available infant formulae were compared and evaluated using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Results In all participants, the miR-148a level in mature breastmilk was significantly lower than that in the transition milk. The changes in miR-125b expression during lactation showed similar trends to the changes in miR-148a expression. The miR-148a and miR-125b levels in all analyzed infant formulae were lower than 1/500th and 1/100th of those in mature breastmilk, respectively. Conclusions The levels of both miR-148a and miR-125b in human breast milk decreased on day 30 postpartum compared with those in the transition milk. Additionally, the expression of these miRNAs in infant formulae available in Japan was very low. Further studies with larger populations are required to understand precisely the lactational changes in the expression of miR148a and miR-125b in breast milk.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Human Breast Milk Microbiome and Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in Healthy Mothers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Yeong Kim ◽  
Dae Yong Yi
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Vertical Transfer ◽  
Gut Colonization ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
Two Samples

The microbiota of human breast milk (HBM) contributes to infant gut colonization; however, whether bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) are present in HBM or might contribute to this process remains unknown. In the present study, we characterized the HBM microbiota of healthy Korean mothers and measured the key bacteria likely affecting infant gut colonization by analyzing both the microbiota and bacterial EVs. A total of 22 HBM samples were collected from lactating mothers. The DNA of bacteria and bacteria-derived EVs was extracted from each sample. Gene analysis was performed using Illumina MiSeq. Firmicutes accounted for the largest portion among the phyla, followed by Proteobacteria, Bacteroides, and Actinobacteria in both bacteria and bacterial EV samples. At the genus level, Streptococcus (25.1%) and Staphylococcus (10.7%) were predominant in bacterial samples, whereas Bacteroides (9.1%), Acinetobacter (6.9%), and Lactobacillaceae(f) (5.5%) were prevalent in bacterial EV samples. Several genera including Bifidobacterium were significantly positively correlated between the two samples. Our findings reveal the diverse bacterial communities in HBM of healthy lactating mothers and suggest the presence of key bacteria with metabolic activity in HBM and that EVs derived from these bacteria may contribute to the vertical transfer of gut microbiota from mother to infant.

scholarly journals Human Milk, More Than Simple Nourishment

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 863
Author(s):  
Giulia Vizzari ◽  
Daniela Morniroli ◽  
Federica Ceroni ◽  
Elvira Verduci ◽  
Alessandra Consales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Nutritional Properties ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Fertile Ground ◽  
Short And Long Term

Human breast milk not only has nutritional properties but also holds a functional role. It contains various bioactive factors (lactoferrin, lysozyme, leukocytes, immunoglobulins, cytokines, hormones, human milk oligosaccharides, microbiome, microRNAs and stem cells) shown to contribute to several short- and long-term health outcomes. Some of these factors appear to be involved in the infant’s neuro-cognitive development, anti-oncogenic processes, cellular communication and differentiation. Furthermore, breast milk is increasingly recognized to have dynamic characteristics and to play a fundamental role in the cross-talking mother-neonate. This narrative review aims to provide a summary and an update on these bioactive substances, exploring their functions mainly on immunomodulation, microbiome and virome development. Although the knowledge about breast milk potentiality has significantly improved, leading to discovering unexpected functions, the exact mechanisms with which breast milk exercises its bioactivity have not been completely clarified. This can represent a fertile ground for exploring and understanding the complexity behind these functional elements to develop new therapeutic strategies.

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