scholarly journals LACTOFERRIN LEVELS IN MOTHER’S MILK

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (04) ◽  
pp. 527-530
Author(s):  
SYED QAISER HUSAIN NAQVI ◽  
MOHAMMAD SHIRAZ KHAN ◽  
ALI AKBAR SIYAL ◽  
Mir Muhammad Sehto ◽  
Riaz Ahmed Qazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
Mother's Milk ◽  
The Mean

Objective: This study was aimed to see the significance of Lactoferrin in human breast milk among lactating mothers of healthyand sick babies. Place and duration: This study was conducted at pathology and paediatrics departments of Peoples University of Medical andHealth Sciences Nawabshah, Shaheed Benazirabad between Jan 2011 to Dec 2011. Design: Cross sectional study. Method: Lactoferrinlevels in breast milk of 356 mothers of healthy babies were estimated and similarly lactoferrin levels in breast milk of 318 lactating mothers ofsick babies were estimated & these results were analyzed. Results: the mean lactoferrin level in breast milk of 356 lactating mothers of healthybabies was 9.37 mg/ml and the mean lactoferrin level in breast milk of 318 mothers nursing sick babies was 3.73mg/ml. Conclusions: There isdecrease in lactoferrin levels of lactating mothers of sick babies in their mature milk, which could account for the susceptibility of their babies toinfection.

Human Breast Milk Assessed by the Deuterium Dose Mother Technique with Less Than 30 g Deuterium Using the Agilent 4500S for Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy: A Pilot Study in the Democratic Republic of Congo

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Chimanuka Murhima’Alika ◽  
Ghislain Maheshe Balemba ◽  
Daniella Bugugu Mapendo ◽  
Aminata Kapapa ◽  
Grace Munthali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
Milk Output ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Different Doses

Abstract Background: Good breastfeeding practice is essential in preventing malnutrition in children. The deuterium method is the best technique for assessing human breast milk output. We investigated whether deuterium doses < 30 g can be used to assess human breast milk using saliva and the new Agilent 4500S for Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Methods: In a cross-sectional study, the breastmilk output of lactating mothers was evaluated using four different doses of deuterium in the Miti-Murhesa Health Zone (Democratic Republic of Congo). Lactating mothers of infants aged 3-23 months were recruited and assigned to a dosage group. Weight, height, and mid-upper arm circumference were measured and the body mass index calculated as weight/height2. Body composition (fat mass, free fat mass, total body water, and breastmilk output) was assessed using standard deuterium dilution methods. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the means in different groups and the chi² test to compare proportions. Results: Seventy-five lactating mothers were included in the study: 19 received 6 g, 20 received 10 g, 18 received 15 g, and 18 received 20 g deuterium. The mean ± standard deviation infant age was 10.6 ± 5.2, 11.1 ± 4.4, 10.9 ± 4.4, and 11.0 ± 3.9 months, respectively (p=0.076). We found no difference in the age and anthropometric parameters of the lactating mothers in the different groups. The mean ± standard deviation breast milk output rate was 796.6 ± 292.4, 260.8± 23.2, 749.8 ± 244.2, and 733.6 ± 207.1 g/d in the 6 g, 10 g, 15 g, and 20 g groups, respectively (p=0.883). Conclusions: The different doses of deuterium administered to lactating mothers resulted in similar breast milk output values. Thus, it is possible to evaluate human breast milk with deuterium doses <30 g when using the Agilent 4500S.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Postpartum Depression Among Lactating Mothers of Infant Twins and Singletons in Igboora, Oyo State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 774-774
Author(s):  
Oluwatosin Leshi ◽  
Christianna Rotimi-Williams ◽  
Olajumoke Leshi
Keyword(s):  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Breastfeeding Practices ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Source Of Information

Abstract Objectives The objective to assess the prevalence of postpartum depression among lactating mothers of infant twins and singletons in Igboora, Oyo state, Nigeria. Methods The cross-sectional study was carried out in Igboora, a twinning community in south western Nigeria. Snowballing technique was used to reach 85 and 90 mothers of twins and singletons respectively. Interview based questionnaires were administered to the mothers to assess their breastfeeding practices and Edingburgh Postpartum Depression Scale was used to assess depression. Analysis was done using IBM-SPSS version 21.0. Student T-test was be used to compare the mean score of postpartum depression for single mothers and twin mothers at p &lt; 0.05. Results About 6 out of every ten respondents (55.6% for singleton; 64.7% for twins) had received previous education on breastfeeding and the main major source of information was hospital settings (55.6% for mothers of singletons and 61.2% for twin mothers). Twenty-seven and 36.5% of mothers of singletons and twins respectively indicated to have received adequate support from their spouses and mothers-in-law. Less than half (44.8% singletons; 44.7% twins) of the mothers-initiated breastfeeding within one hour of birth while majority of the mothers (94.4% for singletons and 83.5% for twins) introduced colostrum to their babies, just about half; 51.1% and 55.3% of the mothers of singletons and twins respectively introduced prelacteal feed to their children. Overall, breastfeeding was found to be better practiced among mothers of singletons than mothers of twins with less than half (48.2%) of the mothers reporting good breastfeeding practices while about two-thirds (64.4%) of the mothers of singletons had good breastfeeding practices. Mothers of singletons were more depressed than the mothers of twins (21.1% and 11.8% respectively). However, no significant association was observed between postpartum depression and breastfeeding practices among both the mothers of singletons and twins in this study. Conclusions Increased prevalence of postpartum depression was recorded among the respondents, mothers of singletons are more likely to have postpartum depression than mothers of twins. Funding Sources There was no funding for this study.

scholarly journals Assessment of Aflatoxin M1 in human breast milk in Rafsanjan, Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somayeh Pourtalebi ◽  
Seyyed Amin Ayatollahi Mousavi ◽  
Zahra Assadollahi ◽  
Seyyed Mahdi Mousavi
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Postnatal Exposure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Lactating Mothers

Background and Purpose: Aflatoxins (AFs) are a group of highly toxic mycotoxins present both in the environment and in foodstuffs. The food of infants should be safe and free of various pollutants, including breast milk mycotoxins. This study aimed to measure the mycotoxin of Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in human milk samples obtained from lactating mothers living in Rafsanjan city, Iran.  Materials and Methods: In the current cross-sectional study, breast milk samples were collected from 150 lactating mothers in Rafsanjan city from September 2015 to April 2016 using the structured food-frequency questionnaire. The AFM1 was measured by employing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay specific kits. The statistical analysis was performed in SPSS software (version 16). Results: The AFM1 was detected in 98 mothers (65%) with a mean concentration of 14.69±8.15 ng/kg, ranging from 5.02 to 41.25 ng/kg. The AFM1 concentration exceeded the tolerable and accepted limit promulgated by the European Union and the USA (25 ng/kg) in only 10 milk samples. Moreover, in 59 milk samples, the AFM1 concentration exceeded the limit recommended by Australia and Switzerland (10 ng/kg). Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, lactating mothers and their infants are at risk of AFM1 exposure in southern Iran. Accordingly, the examination of AFM1 concentrations in lactating mothers, as a critical postnatal exposure marker of infants to this carcinogenic compound, requires further studies in various seasonal periods and different parts of Iran.

Services Provided for Lactating Mothers at Lactation Management Clinic in Selected Tertiary Level Hospitals

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
Tarannum Tasnim ◽  
ANM Shamsul Islam ◽  
Mehedi Hasan Azad ◽  
Farhana Sharmin
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dietary Advice ◽  
Tertiary Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breast Milk Production ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Background: Children are the precious gift from the Almightily Allah and breast milk is an ideal product given to the human being by nature to fulfill all requirements of the offspring until they are matured enough to take adult food. Objective: To assess the services provided for lactating mothers at lactation management centre in selected tertiary level hospitals. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among 100 Lactating mothers who were selected conveniently and were interviewed by pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire and an observational checklist. Collected data were processed and analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Packages for Social Science) software. Results: Lactation management centre (LMC) is supervised by a consultant and separate room is allotted in both out-patient and in-patient departments. Mothers came with lactation problems were more likely in the first month of the baby (73%) and feeling of not enough milk production was common (49%).Highly significant relationship was found between breast problems of lactating mother and age of child (p<0.001). About 84% respondents received practical demonstration on position and attachment of the baby during lactation. About 91% respondents got dietary advice for enough breast milk production, 75% got dietary advice regarding their child’s weaning food chart and69% got health education. Maximum mothers were informed about LMC by doctor & nurse (82%). Conclusion: Information about LMC services should be disseminated across the country. Lactating mothers should be familiarized with LMC and public awareness should be enhanced for effective management of breastfeeding problem to promote, protect and support the breastfeeding. JOPSOM 2019; 38(2): 68-73

Comparison of Heffner Criteria and Light Criteria in Differentiating Exudative and Transudative Pleural Effusion

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-145
Author(s):  
Krishna Chandra Devkota ◽  
S Hamal ◽  
PP Panta
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pleural Space ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Exudative Pleural Effusion

Pleural effusion is present when there is >15ml of fluid is accumulated in the pleural space. It can be divided into two types; exudative and transudative pleural effusion. Tuberculosis and parapneumonic effusion are the common cause of exudative pleural effusion whereas heart failure accounts for most of the cases of transudative pleural effusion. This study was a hospital based cross sectional study performed at Nepal Medical College during the period of January 2016-December 2016. A total of 50 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Pleural effusion was confirmed by clinical examination and radiology. After confirmation of pleural effusion, pleural fluid was aspirated and was analysed for protein, LDH, cholesterol. The Heffner criteria was compared with Light criteria to classify exudative or transudative pleural effusion. Among 50 patients, 30 were male and 20 were female. The mean age of patient was 45.4±21.85 years. The sensitivity and specificity of using Light criteria to detect the two type of pleural effusion was 100% and 90.9%, whereas using Heffner criteria was 94.87%, 100% respectively(P<0.01). There are variety of causes for development of pleural effusion and no one criteria is definite to differentiate between exudative or transudative effusion. In this study Light criteria was more sensitive whereas Heffner criteria was more specific to classify exudative pleural effusion. Hence a combination of criteria might be useful in case where there is difficulty to identify the cause of pleural effusion.

scholarly journals Comparison of Vitamin D and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations in Human Breast Milk between 1989 and 2016–2017

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 573
Author(s):  
Naoko Tsugawa ◽  
Mayu Nishino ◽  
Akiko Kuwabara ◽  
Honami Ogasawara ◽  
Maya Kamao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

Background: Breast milk is considered the optimal source of nutrition during infancy. Although the vitamin D concentration in human breast milk is generally considered poor for infants, vitamin D in breast milk is an important source for exclusively breastfed infants. Increases in vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency in lactating mothers may reduce vitamin D concentrations in breast milk. This study aimed to compare vitamin D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations in breast milk collected in 1989 and 2016–2017 and simultaneously analyze them with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS); the association between the lifestyle of recent lactating mothers (2016–2017) and vitamin D status in human breast milk was also evaluated. Method: Lactating mothers were recruited from three regions of Japan in 1989 (n = 72) and 2016–2017 (n = 90), and milk from 3–4 months was collected in summer and winter. The samples were strictly sealed and stored at −80℃ until measurement. Breast milk vitamin D and 25OHD concentrations were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Vitamin D intake, sun exposure, and sunscreen use of the lactating mothers in 2016–2017 were assessed. Results: Both vitamin D and 25OHD concentrations in breast milk were higher in the summer regardless of the survey year. Significantly lower vitamin D and 25OHD concentrations were observed in 2016–2017 compared with 1989 in summer, but no survey year difference was observed in winter. The stepwise multiple regression analyses identified season, daily outdoor activity, and suntan in the last 12 months as independent factors associated with vitamin D3 concentrations. Conclusion: The results suggest that low vitamin D status in recent lactating mothers may have decreased vitamin D and 25OHD concentrations in breast milk compared with the 1980s. These results are helpful for developing public health strategies to improve vitamin D status in lactating mothers and infants.

Effect of Medialization of the Trochlear Groove and Lateralization of the Tibial Tubercle on TT-TG Distance: A Cross-sectional Study of Dysplastic and Nondysplastic Knees

2021 ◽  
pp. 036354652098781
Author(s):  
Mathias Paiva ◽  
Lars Blønd ◽  
Per Hölmich ◽  
Kristoffer Weisskirchner Barfod
Keyword(s):  
Trochlear Dysplasia ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Tibial Tubercle ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Trochlear Groove ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean

Background: Tibial tubercle–trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance is often used as a measure of lateralization of the TT and is important for surgical planning. Purpose: To investigate if increased TT-TG distance measured on axial magnetic resonance images is due to lateralization of the TT or medialization of the TG. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 84 knees (28 normal [NK], 28 with trochlear dysplasia [TD], and 28 with patellar dislocation without TD [PD]) were examined. The medial border of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) was chosen as the central anatomic landmark. The distance from the TT to PCL (TT-PCL) was measured to examine the lateralization of the TT. The distance from the TG to the PCL (TG-PCL) was measured to examine the medialization of the TG. Between-group differences were investigated by use of 1-way analysis of variance. Results: The mean values for TT-TG distance were 8.7 ± 3.6 mm for NK, 12.1 ± 6.0 mm for PD, and 16.7 ± 4.3 mm in the TD group ( P < .01). The mean values for TT-PCL distance were 18.5 ± 3.6 mm for NK, 18.5 ± 4.5 mm for PD, and 21.2 ± 4.2 mm in the TD group ( P = .03). The mean values for TG-PCL distance were 9.6 ± 3.0 mm for NK, 7.1 ± 3.4 mm for PD, and 5.1 ± 3.3 mm in the dysplastic group ( P < .01). Conclusion: The present results indicate that increased TT-TG distance is due to medialization of the TG and not lateralization of the TT. Knees with TD had increased TT-TG distance compared with the knees of the control group and the knees with PD. The TT-PCL distance did not differ significantly between groups, whereas the TG-PCL distance declined with increased TT-TG.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study to identify the determinants of non-communicable diseases among fishermen in Southern India

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhila Doddamani ◽  
A. B. Kirthinath Ballala ◽  
Sharath P. Madhyastha ◽  
Asha Kamath ◽  
Muralidhar M. Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Dietary Practice ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background India is currently facing a rising epidemic of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs). Identification of modifiable risk factors is of paramount importance to curb this menace. Fishermen are one of the most vulnerable occupational groups with unique characteristics that make them prone to acquire NCDs, as a significant share of their life is spent at sea. Hence, this study was planned to ascertain the burden of NCDs, determine various risk factors of NCDs, and measure the association between risk factors and NCDs among fishermen of Coastal Karnataka in South India. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 681 fishermen aged 18 years and above as per the semi-structured interview schedule for two years (2017–2019). A convenience sampling strategy was adopted. The data was entered and analyzed using SPSS v.15.0. The results were described in terms of proportions and their 95% confidence intervals. Continuous data were summarized using the mean and standard deviation or median and interquartile range depending on the skewness of data. Chi-square test was used to study the association between NCDs and modifiable risk factors. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify risk factors of NCDs. Results The mean (SD) age of the population was 42.5 (SD 12.5) years. The mean years involved in fishing was 19.8 years (SD 10.9). More than half (59.5%) of the study participants had severe stress and most (80.3%) were ever substance users. Advancing age, not being able to contact family while at sea, poor dietary practice, ever substance use, increasing waist circumference were significant correlates of NCDs. Conclusions The commonly prevalent risk factors of NCDs among fishermen included poor dietary practice, higher stress levels, substance use, increasing waist circumference, and inability to contact with family while at sea. Hypertension and Diabetes were the two common NCDs in the study population. There is a need for immediate attention in managing NCDs’ risk factors by promoting a healthy lifestyle by primary health care providers through a sustainable community awareness program targeting fishermen at a convenient time and location, either at the sea-port or meeting places. Harmful effects of substance use, healthy dietary practices, and the importance of physical activity outside their job need emphasis. In addition, screening programs should be organized with the help of boat owners and fishing associations at-least once a year to pick up NCDs at an early stage.

A cross sectional study: The association between sleeping quality and stress among second and third medical students at the University of Jordan

2021 ◽  
pp. 009121742110112
Author(s):  
AA Toubasi ◽  
BR Khraisat ◽  
RB AbuAnzeh ◽  
HM Kalbouneh
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
University Of Jordan ◽  
The University

Objective Medicine is considered one if not the most stressful educational field. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of stress and poor sleeping quality among medical students and the association between them. Method This cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Jordan on second- and third-year medical students. The questionnaire consisted of: 1) Demographics; 2) The assessment tools which were Pittsburgh Quality of Sleep Index (PSQI) and Kessler Psychological Distress Status (K10). Binary logistic regression, chi-square and linear regression were used to investigate the association between PSQI, K10, and their determinants. Results The mean for PSQI score was 6.76 ± 3.32. PSQI scores interpretation revealed that 61.7% of the 282 participants of this study were poor sleepers. Logistic regression results showed that only the category of not napping at all from the napping hours variable was significantly associated with sleeping quality. Furthermore, the mean of K10 scores was 24.5 ± 8.5. K10 scores revealed that 66.3% of the participants were stressed. Logistic regression results showed that gender and regular exercise were significantly associated with psychological distress. Additionally, chi-square test, logistic regression and linear regression showed that PSQI was significantly associated with K10 (P <0.01). Conclusions Stress and poor sleeping quality in medical students at the University of Jordan were highly prevalent and strongly associated. What determined PSQI was daytime napping, and for K10 were regular exercise and gender. Further investigations into stress and sleep quality in the Arabian region are needed.

scholarly journals Ultra-processed food consumption in Barbados: evidence from a nationally representative, cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel M. Harris ◽  
Angela M. C. Rose ◽  
Suzanne Soares-Wynter ◽  
Nigel Unwin
Keyword(s):  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Our objective was to describe, for the first time in an English-speaking Caribbean country, the contribution of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) to nutrients linked to non-communicable disease. Using a cross-sectional study design, dietary data were collected from two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls. Recorded food items were then classified according to their degree of processing by the NOVA system. The present study took place in Barbados (2012–13). A representative population-based sample of 364 adult Barbadians (161 males and 203 females) aged 25–64 years participated in the study. UPFs represented 40⋅5 % (838 kcal/d; 95 % CI 791, 885) of mean energy intake. Sugar-sweetened beverages made the largest contribution to energy within the UPF category. Younger persons (25–44 years) consumed a significantly higher proportion of calories from UPF (NOVA group 4) compared with older persons (45–64 years). The mean energy shares of UPF ranged from 22⋅0 to 58⋅9 % for those in the lowest tertile to highest tertile. Within each tertile, the energy contribution was significantly higher in the younger age group (25–44 years) compared with the older (45–64 years). One-quarter of persons consume ≥50 % of their daily calories from UPF, this being significantly higher in younger persons. The ultra-processed diet fraction contained about six times the mean of free sugars and about 0⋅8 times the dietary fibre of the non-ultra-processed fraction (NOVA groups 1–3). Targeted interventions to decrease the consumption of UPF especially in younger persons is thus of high priority to improve the diet quality of Barbadians.

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