scholarly journals Chemical Control of Citrus Leafminer in Lime, 1994

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-55
Author(s):  
J. E. Peña
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Surface Damage ◽  
Complete Coverage ◽  
Citrus Leafminer ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Old Trees

Abstract Insecticides for the control of CLM were evaluated from 9 Jun through 14 Jul 1994 on 15 yr old trees 2.5 m tall on 21 × 21 ft spacing in Homestead, FL. A randomized complete block design was used with 8 treatments and 4 replications. Each replication consisted of 3 trees. Treatments were sprayed with a handgun at 350 PSI with complete coverage using approximately 200 gpa. Samples consisted of 1 flush from each tree, from which 7 to 20 consecutive leaves were observed which represented 84—80 leaves per treatment. Samples were examined with a dissecting microscope to determine larvae (alive or dead), pupae, number of mines per leaf and percent surface damage per leaf.

Evaluation of Ethiodemethrin 2.5% EC and Karate 5% against Citrus Leafminer at Metahara Citrus Orchard

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Leul Mengistu ◽  
Netsanet Ayele
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Control Potential ◽  
Citrus Orchard ◽  
Sugar Factory ◽  
Citrus Leafminer ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Untreated Check

The study was conducted at Metahara Sugar Factory Citrus orchard fields in 2010/11 cropping season with the objective of evaluating the efficacy of Ethiodemethrin 2.5% EC and Karate 5% for the control of citrus leafminer. In this study, seven treatments were used i.e. Ethiodemethrin 2.5% EC at 20, 30 and 50 ml per tree and Karate 5% EC at 0.72 and 1.10 ml per tree including free checks. Treatments were given at once and twice application frequencies; the second application was applied after fifteen days of the first application. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with four replications. The study indicated that Ethiodemethrin 2.5% EC at 20, 30 and 50 ml tree-1 and Karate 5% EC at 0.72 and 1.10 ml tree-1 had satisfactory control potential of citrus leafminer (CLM) for a maximum of two weeks period as compared to the untreated check. Therefore, the orchard could use Ethiodemethrin 2.5% EC at 20 ml tree-1 and Karate 5% EC at 0.72 ml tree-1 for the control of leafminer. Moreover, using single control tactics does not provide utmost control of CLM in the orchard.

scholarly journals CONTROLE QUÍMICO DE MILHO RESISTENTE AO GLYPHOSATE PROVENIENTE DE DIFERENTES HÍBRIDOS

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 535
Author(s):  
LUCAS BRAGA PEREIRA BRAZ ◽  
GUILHERME BRAGA PEREIRA BRAZ ◽  
SERGIO DE OLIVEIRA PROCÓPIO ◽  
ALESSANDRO GUERRA DA SILVA ◽  
ANTONIO JOAQUIM BRAGA PEREIRA BRAZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Chemical Management ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Corn Plants

 RESUMO – As plantas voluntárias de milho podem causar perdas quando em convivência com outras culturas, tornando-se necessário proceder seu controle. Neste sentido, diferentes estratégias podem ser utilizadas, destacando-se o manejo químico. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a suscetibilidade de híbridos de milho RR® ao controle químico com aplicação de herbicidas em pós-emergência. O experimento foi conduzido em campo, utilizando-se o delineamento de blocos casualizados, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. Na parcela principal foram avaliados oito tratamentos compostos pela aplicação de clethodim + glyphosate, quizalofop-p-ethyl + glyphosate, clodinafop + glyphosate, imazethapyr + glyphosate, [imazamox + bentazon] + glyphosate, cloransulan + glyphosate, glyphosate e testemunha sem aplicação. Nas subparcelas foram semeados nove híbridos de milho RR®. Tratamentos contendo [imazamox + bentazon] ou cloransulan não foram eficientes no controle de plantas de milho RR® em estádio V6. O imazethapyr associado ao glyphosate foi eficiente no controle de plantas de milho dos híbridos DKB390, SYN7025 e CD384, os quais mostram maior suscetibilidade a esse herbicida em comparação aos demais híbridos. Plantas provenientes de todos os híbridos avaliados, no estádio V6, podem ser totalmente controladas com a aplicação dos herbicidas quizalofop-p-ethyl, clodinafop e clethodim, contudo, clethodim apresentou ação mais lenta.Palavras-chave: herbicidas, plantas voluntárias, pós-emergência, Zea mays. CHEMICAL CONTROL IN DIFFERENT GLYPHOSATE RESISTANT MAIZE HYBRIDS  ABSTRACT – Volunteer corn plants can cause high losses when in coexistence with other crops, making necessary its control. In this sense, different strategies can be used, emphasizing the chemical management. The objective of this work was to evaluate the susceptibility of RR® corn hybrids to chemical control with post-emergence herbicides. The experiment was carried out at field, using a randomized complete block design in a split plots scheme, with four replications. In the main plot, eight treatments were evaluated using clethodim + glyphosate, quizalofop-p-ethyl + glyphosate, clodinafop + glyphosate, imazethapyr + glyphosate, [imazamox + bentazon] + glyphosate, cloransulan + glyphosate, glyphosate, and a control without herbicide application. In the subplots, nine RR® corn hybrids were sown. Treatments with [imazamox + bentazon] and cloransulan were not efficient in the control of RR® corn plants at V6 stage. The imazethapyr treatment associated to glyphosate was efficient in controlling the corn hybrids DKB390, SYN7025, and CD384, which showed greater susceptibility to this herbicide compared to the other hybrids evaluated. Plants of all evaluated hybrids can be controlled at V6 with the application of quizalofop-p-ethyl, clodinafop, and clethodim, however, clethodim presented slower action.Keywords: herbicides, volunteer plants, post-emergence, Zea mays. 

scholarly journals LEVANTAMENTO FITOSSOCIOLÓGICO DE PLANTAS DANINHAS NA CULTURA DO SORGO GRANÍFERO EM FUNÇÃO DO MANEJO QUÍMICO

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-157
Author(s):  
ISABELA GOULART CUSTÓDIO ◽  
DÉCIO KARAM ◽  
IRAN DIAS BORGES
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Inventory Method ◽  
Phytosociological Study

RESUMO – O objetivo do trabalho foi identificar as plantas daninhas presentes no final do ciclo da cultura do sorgo,após controle químico. O experimento foi conduzido em campo, em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados,com 23 tratamentos e 3 repetições. Os tratamentos foram aplicações de glyphosate + 2,4-D (1.500 + 1.000 g ha-1)isoladas aos 28, 21 e 7 dias antes da semeadura, e/ou associadas com atrazine + paraquat (1.000 + 300 g ha-1) no diada semeadura, e/ou atrazine (1.000 g ha-1) isolada ou sequencial em pós-emergência inicial e tardia; um tratamentoadicional com atrazine + glyphosate (1.000 + 1.500 g ha-1) no dia da semeadura, e duas testemunhas (capinada e semcapina). O estudo fitossociológico foi realizado na pré-colheita do sorgo. As plantas daninhas foram identificadas equantificadas pelo método do quadrado inventário (0,25 m²), e foram analisados os parâmetros frequência, densidade eabundância, absolutas e relativas, e o índice de valor de importância (IVI). A dessecação aos 28 dias antes da semeadura,associada à aplicação no dia do plantio com herbicidas de contato e residual, somado de aplicações em pós-emergênciainicial e tardia, reduziu a frequência, a densidade e a abundância das espécies.Palavras-chave: Sorghum bicolor, BRS 332, fitossociologia, controle.PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WEEDSIN GRAIN SORGHUM IN THE FUNCTION OF CHEMICAL MANAGEMENTABSTRACT – The objective of this work was to identify the weeds present at the end of the crop cycle of sorghumafter chemical control. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 23 treatments andthree replicates. The treatments were glyphosate + 2,4-D (1500 + 1000 g ha-1), isolated at 28, 21 and 7 days beforesowing; and/or atrazine + paraquat (1000 + 300 g ha-1) on the day of sowing, and/or atrazine (1000 g ha-1) isolatedor sequential in early and late post-emergence; an additional treatment with atrazine + glyphosate (1000 + 1500 gha-1) on the day of sowing, and two controls (weeded and no weed). The phytosociological study was carried out inthe pre-harvest of sorghum. Weeds were identified and quantified using the square inventory method (0.25 m²); andthe parameters frequency, density and abundance (absolute and relative), and the importance value index (IVI) wereAnalyzed. The desiccation at 28 days before sowing, associated to the application on the day of planting with contactand residual herbicides, plus initial and late post-emergence applications reduced the frequency, density and abundanceof the species.Keywords: Sorghum bicolor, BRS 332, phytosociology, control.

scholarly journals Mowing Associated to Chemical Control for Glyphosate-Resistant Cotton Stalk Destruction

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.B.P. BRAZ ◽  
E.R. ANDRADE JR. ◽  
M. NICOLAI ◽  
R.F. LOPEZ OVEJERO ◽  
A.L. CAVENAGHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rainfall Regime ◽  
Cotton Stalk ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Cotton Stalks ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

ABSTRACT: Post-harvest cotton stalk control is mandatory in many cotton producing countries, and the major methods used for this practice are mechanical and chemical (glyphosate and 2,4-D as the most usual herbicides applied), or a combination of both. However, the adoption of glyphosate-resistant cotton varieties by growers have required the development of alternative chemical treatments. Six trials were conducted to evaluate systems combining mowing and chemical control of glyphosate-resistant cotton stalks. Experiments conducted in 2014 were installed in randomized complete block design with nineteen treatments and four replicates. In 2015, the experiments were also conducted in randomized complete block design with eleven treatments and four replicates. Herbicide treatments were applied after cotton stalk mowing. Cotton stalk control varied according to rainfall regime after herbicide application. A single herbicide application to stub regrowth plants did not provide acceptable efficacy in cotton stalk destruction, independently of the treatment used. The best options for glyphosate-resistant cotton stalk control consisted of 2,4-D application immediately after mowing, followed by sequential application of combinations of 2,4-D with flumiclorac, carfentrazone or imazethapyr.

scholarly journals Economic analysis of sorghum consortia with forages or with dwarf pigeon pea succeeded by soybean or corn

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 833-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabô Melina Pascoaloto ◽  
Marcelo Andreotti ◽  
Sanderley Simões da Cruz ◽  
Omar Jorge Sabbag ◽  
Emerson Borghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Equilibrium Price ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Operational Cost ◽  
Forage Sorghum ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Lower Productivity ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

Abstract: The objective of this work was to determine the most economically viable integrated no-tillage crop-livestock system by intercropping sorghum with tropical forages or dwarf pigeon pea, succeeded by soybean or corn, over a two-year period. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The treatments consisted of forage sorghum intercropped with: 'Marandu' grass; 'Marandu' grass and dwarf pigeon pea; 'Mombaça' grass; 'Mombaça' grass and dwarf pigeon pea; and dwarf pigeon pea and single sorghum, harvested for silage in the first cut and regrowth, succeeded by soybean or corn. The following calculations were made: effective operational cost, total operational costs, gross revenues, operational income, profitability index, equilibrium price, and equilibrium productivity. These variables were determined for individual crops, as well as for the sum of the crops occupying the same area over time. The sorghum consortia with 'Mombaça' grass, with or without dwarf pigeon pea, had 18 and 14% lower productivity and profitability, respectively, than the sorghum consortia with 'Marandu' grass, with or without dwarf pigeon pea. Soybean in succession requires less chemical control of the 'Mombaça' grass than corn in succession.

DISTRIBUSI DAN IDENTIFIKASI POPULASI SINTRONG (Crossocephalum crepidiodes.Benth) RESISTEN PARAKUAT PADA LAHAN JAGUNG (Zea mays) DI KABUPATEN DAIRI

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-161
Author(s):  
Berton Sianturi
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Susceptible Populations

Crassocephalum crepidioides on Cornfields in Dairi Regency had been reported tobecome more difficult to control using paraquat. The objective of the research was todetermine the characteristics and the distribution of C.crepidioides resistant to paraquatin cornfields. The experiment was carried out in two steps, the first step was screeningthe population of C. crepidioides with paraquat at the recommended dose, and the secondstep, dose-response experiment for the resistance level of C. crepidioides population withdose 0, 76, 152, 304,5, 609, 1218, and 2436 g.ai /ha. In the first step experiment, paraquatdichloride was applied at 280 g.ai/ha. The treatments were arranged in a randomized blockdesign with 3 replication. The second step experiment was that the resistant populationsconfirmed in the first experiment were sprayed for their dose-response. The treatmentswere arranged in a randomized complete block design (CRBD). The results showed thatof 30 populations of C. crepidiodes, 19 populations (63.3%) were categorized to beresistant with the mortality ranging from 10.84% to 52.08%, and 11 populations (36.7%),was categorized as high resistance with mortality of 0% to 9.21%. The level ofresistance (R/S) of R-C25, R-C27, and R-C30 populations of C. crepidioides were 12,3,14,86, and 24,83 times consecutively, compared with the susceptible population. Thenumber of C. crepidioides chlorophyl leaves in susceptible populations was significantlylower than that of a resistant populations.

Response of corn (Zea mays L.) to various organic-based fertilizers in marginal upland of Sta. Rita, Samar

2017 ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
Berta Ratilla ◽  
Loreme Cagande ◽  
Othello Capuno
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Total N ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Organic farming is one of the management strategies that improve productivity of marginal uplands. The study aimed to: (1) evaluate effects of various organic-based fertilizers on the growth and yield of corn; (2) determine the appropriate combination for optimum yield; and (3) assess changes on the soil physical and chemical properties. Experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design, with 3 replications and 7 treatments, namely; T0=(0-0-0); T1=1t ha-1 Evans + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T2=t ha-1 Wellgrow + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T3=15t ha-1 chicken dung; T4=10t ha-1 chicken dung + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T5=15t ha-1 Vermicast; and T6=10t ha-1 Vermicast + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1. Application of organic-based fertilizers with or without inorganic fertilizers promoted growth of corn than the control. But due to high infestation of corn silk beetle(Monolepta bifasciata Horns), its grain yield was greatly affected. In the second cropping, except for Evans, any of these fertilizers applied alone or combined with 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1 appeared appropriate in increasing corn earyield. Soil physical and chemical properties changed with addition of organic fertilizers. While bulk density decreased irrespective of treatments, pH, total N, available P and exchangeable K generally increased more with chicken dung application.

Effect of Bio and Organic Fertilizers on Pumpkin's (Cucurbita pepo L.) Leave Content of N, P, and K

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-245
Author(s):  
Ammar Hameed Madi ◽  
Jawad A. Kamal Al-Shibani
Keyword(s):  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Four Levels

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of bacterial bio-fertilization A. chroococcum and P. putide and four levels of compost (0, 1, 2, 3) tons.h-1 on the leaves content of N.P.K elements. The experiment was carried out in one of the greenhouses of the College of Agriculture - University of Al-Qadisiyah during fall season 2018-2019. It designed in accordance with the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates in sandy loam soil. The means of treatments were compared with the least significant difference (LSD) at (5)% probability level. The results present that the treatments of A. chroococcum, P. putide and compost at (3) tons.kg-1 significantly increases the leaves content of K.P.K compared to all other treatments in the flowering stage (4.970, 0.5000, and 4.930) mg.kg-1, respectively. This treatment was followed by the effect of the treatment of A. chroococcum and compost at (3) tons.kg-1, which increases the values of all traits except the leaf content of (P). Bio-fertilizer with P. putide + A. chroococcum significantly increases the leaves' content of P.

Growth and Branching Responses of Portulaca grandiflora to Foliar Applications of Chemical Growth Regulators

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 447c-447
Author(s):  
T.J. Banko ◽  
M.A. Stefani
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Main Shoot ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Portulaca Grandiflora ◽  
Prostrate Growth ◽  
Secondary Shoot

During container production of portulaca, growth of long, prostrate, sparsely branched stems makes handling of plants difficult, and reduces their commercial appeal. Growers prefer to minimize shoot elongation while increasing branching to provide a full, compact plant. The objectives of this study were to evaluate growth regulators for promotion of branching and inhibition of stem elongation. Container-grown plants ≈21 cm in diameter were treated with sprays of ProShear (benzylaminopurine) at 62.4, 125, and 250 ppm; Promalin (benzyaminopurine + gibberellins 4+7) at 125, 250, and 500 ppm; Atrimmec (dikegulac) at 250, 500, and 750 ppm; and Florel (ethephon) at 250, 500, and 750 ppm. These treatments were compared with untreated controls in a randomized complete-block design. Main shoot lengths were measured at 16, 31, and 51 days after treatment (DAT). Numbers of new shoot breaks were counted 16 DAT. The growth habit, that is, tendency to grow upright or prostrate, was also evaluated 16 DAT. The most-effective material for retarding primary shoot elongation and for stimulating secondary shoot development was ProShear. At 16 DAT, 250 ppm ProShear reduced shoot elongation by 25% compared to control plants. This treatment also increased the number of secondary shoot breaks by 143%. Promalin increased the number of new shoot breaks, but it also increased the lengths of all shoots. High rates of Florel and Promalin caused shoots to grow predominantly upright rather then prostrate. ProShear, however, caused more prostrate growth as rate increased.

Influence of Nitrogen and Potassium on Three Zoysiagrasses

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 516b-516
Author(s):  
James N. McCrimmon
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Zoysia Japonica ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Color Quality ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Color Density ◽  
Minimal Research ◽  
Micronutrient Fertilizer

Zoysiagrass has great potential for use in the Gulf Coast states as a turfgrass. There has been minimal research on the nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) fertility response of zoysiagrass and the effect on turf color, quality, and nutrient content. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of N and K fertility on zoysiagrass. A study was conducted on three zoysiagrasses: Zoysia japonica × Z. tenuifolia Willd. ex Trin. (`Emerald'); Z. japonica Steud. (`Meyer'); and Z. matrella. The N and K treatment combinations consisted of high (H) and low (L) rates of N and K at the following levels: N levels of 454 and 227 g N/92.9 m2 per month and K levels of 454 and 227 g N/92.9 m2 per month. The treatment combinations were (N and K): HH, HL, LH, and LL and were applied in two split applications monthly from July through November. The study was a randomized complete-block design with three replications. All plots received two applications of a micronutrient fertilizer (late June and August), were irrigated as needed, and maintained at a height of 3.8 cm. Color, density, texture, uniformity, and quality were determined visually for each month. Plant tissue samples were collected (September) and analyzed for macronutrient and micronutrient contents. There were significant differences for color, density, and quality in the following months: September (color and density); October (quality); and November (color and quality). There were differences in leaf texture for all months. There were significant differences for N, magnesium (Mg), and K contents but there were no differences for any micronutrient. This study indicated that all three zoysiagrasses provided acceptable color and quality during the summer and fall, and that N and K rates affected N, K, and Mg contents in the plant.

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