A-25 Factors Predicting Trajectory in Daily Functioning Five Years Post Cognitive Training

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1066-1066
Author(s):  
Jamie Hansel ◽  
Rachel E Thayer
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Cognitive Intervention ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Daily Functioning ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Training Interventions ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Abstract Objective There is a bidirectional relationship between cognitive functioning and daily functioning. The current study aims to determine factors that are nonmodifiable and modifiable that predict trajectory of daily functioning. Method The ACTIVE database is a longitudinal study with participants aged 65 and older at baseline (M = 73.63, SD = 5.91) who were determined to be at risk for cognitive decline while still living independently. Participants’ self-reported and performance-based daily functioning scores at baseline were subtracted from their scores five-years later to determine daily functioning trajectories. Nonmodifiable factors (i.e., age, gender, race/ethnicity) and modifiable factors (i.e., education, BMI, cardiovascular risk factors, cognitive intervention, and booster sessions) were entered into hierarchical regression models to examine associations with daily functioning trajectories. Results Age was a significant predictor in four of five separate trajectory models (self-report measures f2 = 0.05, f2 = 0.11; performance-based measures f2 = 0.01, f2 = 0.01), and education contributed significant variance in self-reported independence (f2 = 0.03). Binary gender and race/ethnicity were statistically significant in the models but achieved negligible effect sizes. Physical health factors and cognitive training interventions were nonsignificant in predicting variance in daily functioning trajectories. Conclusions Age, a nonmodifiable factor, was the only consistently significant predictor of daily functioning within the current study. Future research could examine mood, sleep, and social connectedness as predictors of daily functioning trajectory, especially among patients who experience some cognitive or daily functioning difficulties, to better locate possible targets for intervention and treatment.

Sense of clubhouse community belonging and empowerment

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimiko Tanaka ◽  
Larry Davidson ◽  
Thomas J Craig
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Community Belonging

Background: While the neighborhood community literature well documents a link between participation in supportive and effective community groups or activities and empowerment, there is as yet little empirical evidence of this relationship in the context of community mental health programs. Aim: The primary purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between sense of community belonging and empowerment among members of mental health clubhouses. Methods: A secondary analysis using a hierarchical regression model was conducted on cross-sectional structured interview data collected through a self-report questionnaire from 102 clubhouse members from six clubhouses in the United States and Finland. Results: The results indicated that members’ sense of clubhouse community belonging positively contributes to their empowerment. Conclusion: Fostering sense of community belonging appears to be a valid approach to catalyze empowerment. Study limitations and future research agendas were discussed.

Physical Activity, Physical Fitness, and Cognition

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Etnier
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Training Interventions ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Wide Range

There is substantial interest in identifying the behavioral means by which to improve cognitive performance. Recent research and commercial ventures have focused on cognitive training interventions, but evidence suggests that the effects of these programs are small and task-specific. Researchers have also shown interest in exploring the potential benefits of physical activity for cognitive performance. Because the effects of physical activity have been found to be small to moderate and to be more global in nature, interest in physical activity has been growing over the past several decades. Evidence regarding the efficacy of physical activity is provided through cross-sectional studies, longitudinal prospective studies, and randomized controlled trials. When reviewed meta-analytically, small-to-moderate beneficial effects are reported for children, adults, older adults, and cognitively impaired older adults, and these effects are evident for a wide range of cognitive domains, including executive function, memory, and information processing. Researchers are currently focused on identifying the mechanisms of these effects. Most of this research has been conducted using animal models, but there is a growing body of literature with humans. From this evidence, there is support for the role of changes in cerebral structure, hippocampal perfusion, and growth factors in explaining the observed benefits. Thus far, however, the literature is quite sparse, and future research is needed to clarify our understanding of the mechanisms that provide the causal link between physical activity and cognitive performance. Research is also focused on understanding how to increase the benefits by potentially combining cognitive training with physical activity and by identifying the genetic moderators of the effects. These lines of work are designed to elucidate ways of increasing the magnitude of the benefits that can be obtained. At this point in time, the evidence with respect to the potential of physical activity for benefiting cognitive performance is quite promising, but it is critical that funding agencies commit their support to the continued exploration necessary to allow us to ultimately be able to prescribe physical activity to specific individuals with the express purpose of improving cognition.

scholarly journals Global trends on studies with cognitive training: Mapping and bibliometric analysis using CiteSpace

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-340
Author(s):  
Mani Abdul Karim ◽  
◽  
Jonnadula Venkatachalam ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Citation Analysis ◽  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Cognitive Intervention ◽  
Memory Training ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Training Interventions ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Number Of Publications

The widespread utility of cognitive training has gained its value in maintaining cognitive performance, reducing neuropsychiatric illnesses, restoring their abilities, and preventing cognitive decline. The objective of this article is to explore the global trends in cognitive training studies. Publication records were obtained from the Web of Science (WoS) core collection for the period of 25 years from 1996 to 2020. CiteSpace 5.7.R5 (64-bit) W version software was used for mapping and bibliometric analysis. Overall, 4,575 records were retrieved and analyzed using bibliometric approaches such as dual-overlay analysis, author co-citation analysis (ACA), document co-citation analysis (DCA), and keyword analysis. It was found that the publication records were increased steadily in the recent five years (2016-2020). The US academic institutions and journals played the dominant role in the field of cognitive training. However, University College London (UCL) had contributed for the highest publication records (128) with a centrality value of 0.12. Few studies were contributed by the developing countries/territories. Author Spector, A had the highest number of publications (47). However, Author Simons, DT as the top-author based on citation burst value (35.15) focused on brain-training interventions. Through the DCA, it was found that working memory training has to be the predominant trend in this domain. The most recent burst keywords such as ‘cognitive intervention,’ ‘plasticity,’ ‘group cognitive intervention,’ ‘virtual reality,’ and ‘prevention’ were considered to be the indicators of emerging trends.

scholarly journals Retirement Confidence: Development of an Index

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 004695802110357
Author(s):  
Eraj Ghafoori ◽  
Fernanda Mata ◽  
Kim Borg ◽  
Liam Smith ◽  
Debora Ralston
Keyword(s):  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Linear Aggregation ◽  
Confidence Index ◽  
Financial Awareness

Older workers who are confident about the changes accompanying retirement report higher well-being. We have developed an index to measure retirement confidence – the Retirement Confidence Index (RCI). A six-stage approach was used to develop the index items, including (i) a literature review to catalogue retirement confidence components; (ii) a consultation with a panel of experts to review the proposed indicators and combine components according to their meaning; (iii) normalisation of the selected components to make them comparable; (iv) weighting of the top-level dimensions using experts’ judgement; (v) linear aggregation of the dimension scores according to their corresponding relative weight; and (vi) correlation of the composite score with a self-report measure of retirement confidence. Based on the review of the literature, a list of nine sub-components (financial literacy, financial attitude and behaviour, financial control, financial anxiety, physical health, mental health, social connectedness, goal setting for retirement and future uncertainties) was compiled. Subsequently, these components were grouped into four broad dimensions. Correlations between these dimensions (social, financial awareness and skills, health and well-being, and retirement awareness and planning dimensions) and the corresponding self-reported measures were as high as r = 0.555, r = 0.603, r = 0.591 and r = 0.569, reflecting 30.8%, 36.3%, 34.9% and 32.3% shared variance with the corresponding self-reported indices, respectively. The Retirement Confidence Index provides the foundation for future research to measure retirement confidence, with the aim of identifying deficient RCI dimensions and directing efforts to targeted policies to ensure older workers are confident about retirement.

scholarly journals The Impact of Three Cognitive Training Interventions on Older Adults’ Physical Functioning Across 5 Years

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley A. Ross ◽  
Briana N. Sprague ◽  
Christine B. Phillips ◽  
Melissa L. O’Connor ◽  
Joan E. Dodson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Training Transfer ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Transfer Effects ◽  
Training Interventions ◽  
Intention To Treat ◽  
The Impact

Objective: Physical functioning is closely associated with cognition. The current study assessed the impact of three cognitive training programs on objective measures of physical functioning across 5 years. Method: Older adults randomized to a processing speed ( n = 702), reasoning ( n = 694), or memory ( n = 703) training intervention were compared with those randomized to a no-contact control condition ( n = 698). Intention-to-treat (ITT) and treatment-received/dosage (time-varying number of training sessions) analyses were conducted. Results: There were no transfer effects in the ITT analyses. Treatment-received models demonstrated that training sessions (i.e., higher dosage) across all intervention arms transferred to better maintained Digit Symbol Copy and Turn 360 performance relative to the control group. More reasoning training transferred to better grip strength. Discussion: This is the first study to demonstrate differential longitudinal cognitive training transfer effects to three performance-based physical functioning measures. Future research should investigate mechanisms of far-transfer effects.

Problem-Solving Appraisal and Psychological Adjustment

2009 ◽  
pp. 344-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Paul Heppner ◽  
Dong-Gwi Lee ◽  
Lu Tian
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Psychological Adjustment ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Applied Problem ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Problem Solving Skills ◽  
Training Interventions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Many

How people typically respond to life's problems is of critical importance, particularly how they appraise their problem-solving skills and whether they generally approach or avoid the many problems of life. A critical strength or resource for coping with life's demands is a person's appraisal of his or her problem-solving skills and style. This chapter focuses on how problem-solving appraisal has been empirically demonstrated to be an important asset in living and an important component of positive psychology. Specifically, it begins with a brief history of applied problem-solving appraisal, followed by how it is measured. The Problem Solving Inventory (PSI) has been one of the most widely used self-report inventories in applied problem solving; the PSI has a strong empirical base, and it is strongly linked to a wide range of indices of psychological adjustment, physical health, a wide array of coping activities, and vocational adjustment. The chapter also provides a brief overview of problem-solving training interventions, and finally future research directions and conclusions. Because problem-solving appraisal is learned, this implies that it is amenable to change; this provides hope for millions of people to bring positive change to their lives through the integration of problem solving and positive psychology.

Psychometrics of the Psychological Wellbeing and Distress Screener: A Brief Measure of Youth’s Bidimensional Mental Health

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 160-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler L. Renshaw ◽  
Sarah J. Bolognino
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychological Wellbeing ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Behavior Rating ◽  
Behavior Rating Scale ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Two Phases

The present study reports on the psychometric defensibility of the Psychological Wellbeing and Distress Screener (PWDS), which is a 10-item self-report behavior rating scale for measuring youth’s bidimensional (also known as dual-factor or two-continua) mental health. The PWDS was developed using preexisting items within the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) self-report survey, and the present study used the 2009–2010 HBSC sample of U.S. youth in Grades 5 to 10 ( N = 12,642). Findings from two phases of data analyses, using random split-half subsamples, identified and confirmed a two-factor latent structure for the PWDS, with one scale measuring psychological wellbeing and the other psychological distress. Results also showed that the wellbeing and distress factors were invariant across grade, race/ethnicity, and residence classifications but not across gender. Implications for future research and potential practice are discussed.

scholarly journals Do Social Connections Buffer Loneliness Associated With Living Alone?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 461-461
Author(s):  
Markus Schafer ◽  
Haosen Sun ◽  
Jin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Later Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Living Alone ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Abstract The growth of solo living has important implications for the rising “loneliness epidemic” among older adults. This study considers whether two forms of social connectedness—extra-household core discussion networks and formal social participation—buffer the loneliness associated with living alone. Our study uses data from two surveys (National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project; Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe) encompassing 20 developed Western countries in 2009/2010 and 2015/2016 (n = 110,817). Harmonizing measures across data sets, we estimate survey-specific and pooled linear regression models with interaction terms. Results indicated that high levels of social connectedness only moderately buffer the loneliness associated with living alone in later life. Findings were largely consistent across regions of Europe and the United States, though the buffering patterns were most robustly identified for widowed solo dwellers. Taken together, the results suggest that extra-household connections are partial compensators, but do not seem to fully replace the ready companionship afforded by residential co-presence in later life. Future research is needed to understand whether the efficacy of compensatory connections differs by gender, race/ethnicity, and across more diverse global regions.

scholarly journals Social network sites and obsessive-compulsive disorder: An investigation with suppression analyses

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soon Li Lee
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
The Relationship

This research examined the relationship between social network site (SNS) intensity, SNS addiction, and the severity of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), alongside its factors of obsession and compulsion. The overlap of SNS intensity and SNS addiction was controlled in the study to predict the measured severity of OCD. In this study, 204 Malaysian undergraduate students were recruited to complete the revised Facebook Intensity Scale, the revised Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale, and the self-report version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. The overlap of SNS intensity and SNS addiction was supported by their significant positive correlation. Furthermore, SNS addiction significantly correlated with the measured OCD and its corresponding factors. The hierarchical regression analysis revealed that the entry of SNS intensity enhanced the facilitative effect of SNS addiction on OCD and its factors. Therefore, the role of SNS intensity as a suppressor was supported. In the same regression model, SNS intensity predicted the severity of OCD and its compulsion subscale negatively. Implications and directions for future research were also discussed in this manuscript.

Self-Compassion and Quality of Life in Adults Who Stutter

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 2097-2108
Author(s):  
Robyn L. Croft ◽  
Courtney T. Byrd
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
The Self ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Adults Who Stutter ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify levels of self-compassion in adults who do and do not stutter and to determine whether self-compassion predicts the impact of stuttering on quality of life in adults who stutter. Method Participants included 140 adults who do and do not stutter matched for age and gender. All participants completed the Self-Compassion Scale. Adults who stutter also completed the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering. Data were analyzed for self-compassion differences between and within adults who do and do not stutter and to predict self-compassion on quality of life in adults who stutter. Results Adults who do and do not stutter exhibited no significant differences in total self-compassion, regardless of participant gender. A simple linear regression of the total self-compassion score and total Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering score showed a significant, negative linear relationship of self-compassion predicting the impact of stuttering on quality of life. Conclusions Data suggest that higher levels of self-kindness, mindfulness, and social connectedness (i.e., self-compassion) are related to reduced negative reactions to stuttering, an increased participation in daily communication situations, and an improved overall quality of life. Future research should replicate current findings and identify moderators of the self-compassion–quality of life relationship.

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