TP8.2.2 Surgical Escape Rooms: A Novel Approach to identifying and addressing Resilience and Academic Buoyancy

Abstract Introduction Traditional Simulation is useful practice for real life scenarios whilst Surgical Escape Rooms (ER) assess other elements. Resilience contributes to physical and emotional wellbeing as well as the development of coping strategies. Consistent short-term Academic Buoyancy levels can have an impact on long-term levels of Resilience. Method Two groups of 4th year medical students were given the validated Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) and the Academic Buoyancy Scale (ABS) before and after. The first group completed the Surgical ER whilst the second group completed a Surgical Simulation. During the ER session, participants were assessed by multiple, independent assessors on 4 parameters - participation, objective display of frustration/stress, interaction with the team and definitive decisions taken. These were then correlated with their initial self-assessments scores. Result The ER group ABS Scores improved (3.45 to 3.8; Range 0-4) whilst BRS scores decreased (4.5 to 3.9; Range 0-5). The Simulation group ABS scores decreased (3.4 to 2.9) whilst BRS scores improved (2.9 to 3.2). Scores became more polarised across all groups. Participants who scored low on the BRS/ABS displayed lower levels of participation, team interaction and fewer definitive actions taken but also displayed fewer indicators of overt stress in comparison to their higher scoring counterparts. Conclusion Escape Rooms are useful in challenging individuals to improve problem solving skills and encourage lateral thinking. It would be useful to incorporate ER’s in the early stages of training to build confidence and reduce the immediate negative impact of Simulation at later stages.

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The Effect of Rumen Microbiota in The Susceptibility of Subacute Ruminal Acidosis in Dairy Cows

10.21203/rs.3.rs-250349/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaoyu Hu ◽

Ruiying Mu ◽

Tuniyazi. Maimaiti ◽

Jian Gao ◽

Caijun Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Sequencing Analysis ◽

High Concentration ◽

Subacute Ruminal Acidosis ◽

Rumen Microbiota ◽

Ruminal Acidosis ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Before And After ◽

The Difference

Abstract Background: Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is a well-recognized metabolic disease that has negative impact on the animal performance and health. SARA in cows is mainly caused by long-term high-concentration diet (HCD) feeding, however, some cows are so well adapted to the HCD that do not develop such condition while others are more susceptible. We speculated the difference may be associated with the rumen microbiota community. Here, we analyzed the rumen bacterial and fungal microbiota from SARA-resistance and SARA-prone cows before and after feeding with HCD for six weeks. Results: The 16S rRNA sequencing analysis showed that the rumen bacterial community in SARA-prone cows had lower bacterial diversity and higher relative abundance of unidentified_Spirochaetaceae and Anaeroplasma comparing to those of SARA-resistance cow. Moreover, the abundance of Stenotrophomonas were increased in SARA-positive compared to SARA-negative cows. In addition, the ITS1-IF sequencing analysis indicated that the abundance of Fusarium_oxysporum and Papiliotrema_laurentii were different in SARA-prone and SARA-resistance cows. Furthermore, feeding with HCD significantly increased the Sarocladium_zea, Meyerozyma_caribbica, and Fusarium_oxysporum, while decreaed Wallemia_sebi in rumen microbiota. These results suggested that the abundance of unidentified_Spirochaetaceae, Anaeroplasma, Fusarium_oxysporum, and Papiliotrema_laurentii in rumen maybe connected to the susceptibility of SARA in dairy cows. In addition, SARA provocation was increased the pathogenic Stenotrophomonas, Sarocladium_zea, Meyerozyma_caribbica, and Fusarium_oxysporum in rumen. Conclusions: This study suggested that manipulating rumen microbiota will serve as a novel approach for preventing the development of SARA in dairy cows in future studies.

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Weekly Exercise Consistently Reinstates Positive Mood

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027/1016-9040.3.4.271 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 271-280 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Hannah Steinberg ◽

Briony R. Nicholls ◽

Elizabeth A. Sykes ◽

N. LeBoutillier ◽

Nerina Ramlakhan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Exercise ◽

Negative Mood ◽

Real Life ◽

Positive Mood ◽

Field Investigation ◽

Single Bout ◽

Before And After ◽

Exercise Class ◽

Negative Feelings ◽

Over Time

Mood improvement immediately after a single bout of exercise is well documented, but less is known about successive and longer term effects. In a “real-life” field investigation, four kinds of exercise class (Beginners, Advanced, Body Funk and Callanetics) met once a week for up to 7 weeks. Before and after each class the members assessed how they felt by completing a questionnaire listing equal numbers of “positive” and “negative” mood words. Subjects who had attended at least five times were included in the analysis, which led to groups consisting of 18, 20, 16, and 16 subjects, respectively. All four kinds of exercise significantly increased positive and decreased negative feelings, and this result was surprisingly consistent in successive weeks. However, exercise seemed to have a much greater effect on positive than on negative moods. The favorable moods induced by each class seemed to have worn off by the following week, to be reinstated by the class itself. In the Callanetics class, positive mood also improved significantly over time. The Callanetics class involved “slower,” more demanding exercises, not always done to music. The Callanetics and Advanced classes also showed significantly greater preexercise negative moods in the first three sessions. However, these differences disappeared following exercise. Possibly, these two groups had become more “tolerant” to the mood-enhancing effects of physical exercise; this may be in part have been due to “exercise addiction.”

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Real-life Field Studies of the NOx Removing Properties of Photocatalytic Surfaces in Roskilde and Copenhagen Airport, Denmark

Journal of Photocatalysis ◽

10.2174/2665976x01999200811155905 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 01 ◽

Author(s):

Henrik Jensen ◽

Pernille D. Pedersen

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

High Stability ◽

Reference Site ◽

Real Life ◽

Field Studies ◽

The Real ◽

Before And After ◽

Parking Lot ◽

Photocatalytic Concrete

Aims: To evaluate the real-life effect of photocatalytic surfaces on the air quality at two test-sites in Denmark. Background: Poor air quality is today one of the largest environmental issues, due to the adverse effects on human health associated with high levels of air pollution, including respiratory issues, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and lung cancer. NOx removal by TiO2 based photocatalysis is a tool to improve air quality locally in areas where people are exposed. Methods: Two test sites were constructed in Roskilde and Copenhage airport. In Roskilde, the existing asphalt at two parking lots was treated with TiO2 containing liquid and an in-situ ISO 22197-1 test setup was developed to enable in-situ evaluation of the activity of the asphalt. In CPH airport, photocatalytic concrete tiles were installed at the "kiss and fly" parking lot, and NOx levels were continuously monitored in 0.5 m by CLD at the active site and a comparable reference site before and after installation for a period of 2 years. Results: The Roskilde showed high stability of the photocatalytic coating with the activity being largely unchanged over a period of 2 years. The CPH airport study showed that the average NOx levels were decreased by 12 % comparing the before and after NOx concentrations at the active and reference site. Conclusion: The joined results of the two Danish demonstration projects illustrate a high stability of the photocatalytic coating as well as a high potential for improvements of the real-life air quality in polluted areas.

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Migration Patterns and Labor Market Outcomes

10.1093/oso/9780198799863.003.0010 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anda David ◽

Mohamed Ali Marouani

Keyword(s):

Labor Market ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Labor Market Outcomes ◽

Wealth Index ◽

Transition Matrices ◽

Market Outcomes ◽

Migration Patterns ◽

Depth Analysis ◽

Before And After ◽

Spatial Composition

This chapter focuses on the external effects of emigration on non-migrants, and particularly on the interactions with labor market outcomes in Tunisia before and after the revolution. Using the new Tunisia Labor Market Panel Survey (TLMPS), we conduct an in-depth analysis of the structure and dynamics of migration, including the profile of migrants and their origin households, mainly in terms of skills and spatial composition. We investigate transition matrices, employment status, income for current migrants and returnees, and the evolution of remittances. Our analysis confirms the role of emigration as a safety valve for the Tunisian labor market. Moreover, origin households of migrants have a significantly higher wealth index. Our analysis also tends to confirm the effects of remittances on labor supply of non-migrants, which can have a negative impact on Tunisia’s unemployment rate when a crisis in destination countries affects the remittance rate negatively.

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Otoskills training during covid-19 pandemic: a before-after study

BMC Medical Education ◽

10.1186/s12909-021-02706-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Maxime Fieux ◽

Antoine Gavoille ◽

Fabien Subtil ◽

Sophie Bartier ◽

Stéphane Tringali

Keyword(s):

Surgical Training ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Surgical Simulation ◽

Global Rating Scale ◽

Middle Ear Surgery ◽

Global Rating ◽

Training Requirements ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Total Performance

Abstract Background The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the surgical training of residents. There is a real concern that trainees will not be able to meet their training requirements. Low-fidelity surgical simulation appears to be an alternative for surgical training. The educational benefits of repeating ossiculoplasty simulations under a microscope have never been evaluated. With this study we aimed to evaluate the differences in performance scores and on a global rating scale before and after training on an ossiculoplasty simulator. Methods In this quasi-experimental, prospective, single-centre, before-after study with blinded rater evaluation, residents performed five microscopic ossiculoplasty tasks with a difficulty gradient (sliding beads onto rods, the insertion of a partial prosthesis, the insertion of a total prosthesis, and the insertion of a stapedotomy piston under microscopic or endoscopic surgery) before and after training on the same simulator. Performance scores were defined for each task, and total performance scores (score/min) were calculated. All data were collected prospectively. Results Six out of seven intermediate residents and 8/9 novices strongly agreed that the simulator was an effective training device and should be included in the ENT residency program. The mean effect of training was a significant increase in the total performance score (+ 0.52 points/min, [95 % CI, 0.40–0.64], p < 0.001), without a significant difference between novice and intermediate residents. Conclusions This preliminary study shows that techniques for middle-ear surgery can be acquired using a simulator, avoiding any risk for patients, even under lockdown measures.

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Changes in the Soundscape of the Public Space Close to a Highway by a Noise Control Intervention

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13095284 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 5284

Author(s):

Timothy Van Renterghem ◽

Francesco Aletta ◽

Dick Botteldooren

Keyword(s):

Public Space ◽

Real Life ◽

Noise Abatement ◽

Acoustic Environment ◽

The Public ◽

Control Intervention ◽

Before And After ◽

Noise Shielding ◽

Visual Preferences ◽

The Impact

The deployment of measures to mitigate sound during propagation outdoors is most often a compromise between the acoustic design, practical limitations, and visual preferences regarding the landscape. The current study of a raised berm next to a highway shows a number of common issues like the impact of the limited length of the noise shielding device, initially non-dominant sounds becoming noticeable, local drops in efficiency when the barrier is not fully continuous, and overall limited abatement efficiencies. Detailed assessments of both the objective and subjective effect of the intervention, both before and after the intervention was deployed, using the same methodology, showed that especially the more noise sensitive persons benefit from the noise abatement. Reducing the highest exposure levels did not result anymore in a different perception compared to more noise insensitive persons. People do react to spatial variation in exposure and abatement efficiency. Although level reductions might not be excessive in many real-life complex multi-source situations, they do improve the perception of the acoustic environment in the public space.

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Modular Breath Analyzer (MBA): Introduction of a Breath Analyzer Platform Based on an Innovative and Unique, Modular eNose Concept for Breath Diagnostics and Utilization of Calibration Transfer Methods in Breath Analysis Studies

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26123776 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (12) ◽

pp. 3776

Author(s):

Carsten Jaeschke ◽

Marta Padilla ◽

Johannes Glöckler ◽

Inese Polaka ◽

Martins Leja ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real Life ◽

Sensor Arrays ◽

Breath Analysis ◽

Exhaled Breath ◽

Calibration Transfer ◽

Early Disease Detection ◽

Exhaled Breath Analysis ◽

Breath Analyzer ◽

Analysis Experiment ◽

Before And After

Exhaled breath analysis for early disease detection may provide a convenient method for painless and non-invasive diagnosis. In this work, a novel, compact and easy-to-use breath analyzer platform with a modular sensing chamber and direct breath sampling unit is presented. The developed analyzer system comprises a compact, low volume, temperature-controlled sensing chamber in three modules that can host any type of resistive gas sensor arrays. Furthermore, in this study three modular breath analyzers are explicitly tested for reproducibility in a real-life breath analysis experiment with several calibration transfer (CT) techniques using transfer samples from the experiment. The experiment consists of classifying breath samples from 15 subjects before and after eating a specific meal using three instruments. We investigate the possibility to transfer calibration models across instruments using transfer samples from the experiment under study, since representative samples of human breath at some conditions are difficult to simulate in a laboratory. For example, exhaled breath from subjects suffering from a disease for which the biomarkers are mostly unknown. Results show that many transfer samples of all the classes under study (in our case meal/no meal) are needed, although some CT methods present reasonably good results with only one class.

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New fractional approaches for n-polynomial P-convexity with applications in special function theory

Advances in Difference Equations ◽

10.1186/s13662-020-03000-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shu-Bo Chen ◽

Saima Rashid ◽

Muhammad Aslam Noor ◽

Zakia Hammouch ◽

Yu-Ming Chu

Keyword(s):

Fractional Calculus ◽

Convex Functions ◽

Special Functions ◽

Real Life ◽

Fractional Integrals ◽

Digamma Function ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Inequality Theory ◽

New Strategy ◽

Significant Mechanism

Abstract Inequality theory provides a significant mechanism for managing symmetrical aspects in real-life circumstances. The renowned distinguishing feature of integral inequalities and fractional calculus has a solid possibility to regulate continuous issues with high proficiency. This manuscript contributes to a captivating association of fractional calculus, special functions and convex functions. The authors develop a novel approach for investigating a new class of convex functions which is known as an n-polynomial $\mathcal{P}$ P -convex function. Meanwhile, considering two identities via generalized fractional integrals, provide several generalizations of the Hermite–Hadamard and Ostrowski type inequalities by employing the better approaches of Hölder and power-mean inequalities. By this new strategy, using the concept of n-polynomial $\mathcal{P}$ P -convexity we can evaluate several other classes of n-polynomial harmonically convex, n-polynomial convex, classical harmonically convex and classical convex functions as particular cases. In order to investigate the efficiency and supremacy of the suggested scheme regarding the fractional calculus, special functions and n-polynomial $\mathcal{P}$ P -convexity, we present two applications for the modified Bessel function and $\mathfrak{q}$ q -digamma function. Finally, these outcomes can evaluate the possible symmetric roles of the criterion that express the real phenomena of the problem.

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New Multi-View Classification Method with Uncertain Data

ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data ◽

10.1145/3458282 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 1-23

Author(s):

Bo Liu ◽

Haowen Zhong ◽

Yanshan Xiao

Keyword(s):

Learning Strategy ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Uncertain Data ◽

Real Life ◽

Support Vector ◽

Classification Methods ◽

Complementary Information ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Svm Model ◽

Iterative Framework

Multi-view classification aims at designing a multi-view learning strategy to train a classifier from multi-view data, which are easily collected in practice. Most of the existing works focus on multi-view classification by assuming the multi-view data are collected with precise information. However, we always collect the uncertain multi-view data due to the collection process is corrupted with noise in real-life application. In this case, this article proposes a novel approach, called uncertain multi-view learning with support vector machine (UMV-SVM) to cope with the problem of multi-view learning with uncertain data. The method first enforces the agreement among all the views to seek complementary information of multi-view data and takes the uncertainty of the multi-view data into consideration by modeling reachability area of the noise. Then it proposes an iterative framework to solve the proposed UMV-SVM model such that we can obtain the multi-view classifier for prediction. Extensive experiments on real-life datasets have shown that the proposed UMV-SVM can achieve a better performance for uncertain multi-view classification in comparison to the state-of-the-art multi-view classification methods.

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Impact of Dividend Tax Change on the Payout Policy of Indian Companies

Global Business Review ◽

10.1177/0972150919846814 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (5) ◽

pp. 1282-1291

Author(s):

Sanjay Dhamija ◽

Ravinder Kumar Arora

Keyword(s):

Negative Impact ◽

Payout Policy ◽

Tax Law ◽

Dividend Payout ◽

Inside Ownership ◽

Regulatory Changes ◽

Before And After ◽

The Government ◽

The Impact ◽

Dividend Tax

The article examines the impact of regulatory changes in the tax on dividends on the payout policy of Indian companies. The tax law was recently amended to levy tax on dividends received by large shareholders. As the promoters group is the largest shareholder, this is expected to have a negative impact on the payout policy of companies. Furthermore, companies with larger promoter holdings have a higher motivation to reduce their payout. The study covers 370 companies present in the BSE 500 Index and compares the dividend payout of the companies before and after the introduction of tax levy. The study finds that the newly introduced tax indeed caused a shift in the dividend policy of companies, particularly those companies which have high levels of inside ownership. The findings have significant implications for companies, investors and the government.

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