scholarly journals Improvements in Parental Emotional Well-Being During Home Visiting Support: What Works for Whom?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nell Warner
Keyword(s):  
Home Visiting ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Home Visitors ◽  
What Works ◽  
Multiple Risks ◽  
Large Families ◽  
Low Levels

Abstract Home visitors can support parents who have low levels of emotional well-being. While support may be effective for some families, the circumstances in which it is effective are less well understood. Longitudinal administrative data from Home-Start UK were analysed to identify how the nature of support was related to changes in parental emotional well-being, and whether these effects were the same for families with different risk factors. Sub-groups were identified of people experiencing problems with various aspects of emotional well-being: mental ill health (n = 1,289), social isolation (n = 1,413) and low self-esteem (n = 1,400). Multiple linear regression models were used to explore the relationships between the nature of support and the rate of improvement. These effects were considered in subgroups of families with domestic violence problems, disabled parents, a disabled child, large family sizes or multiple risks. More frequent visits and support being provided by paid workers, as opposed to volunteers were related to faster improvements. Paid worker support was particularly related to faster improvements in families with domestic abuse, disabled parents and multiple risks. However, volunteer support seemed just as effective for large families and those with disabled children. These findings have implications for those providing and commissioning home visiting services.

scholarly journals Understanding the Occupational Adaptation Process and Well-Being of Older Adults in Magallanes (Chile): A Qualitative Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (19) ◽  
pp. 3640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palma ­Candia ◽  
Hueso­Montoro ◽  
Martí-García ◽  
Fernández-Alcántara ◽  
Campos-Calderón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Adaptation Process ◽  
Occupational Adaptation ◽  
Use Of Time ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Interpretative Approach ◽  
Depth Interviews

Background: Aging and longevity are important topics nowadays. Purpose: To describe how older adults perform the occupational adaptation process in the extreme region of Magallanes (Chile), and to identify the factors that might contribute to successful occupational adaptation and well-being. Method: Qualitative study, with a phenomenological interpretative approach. In-depth interviews were carried out with 16 older adults, with high or low levels of well-being, assessed with the Ryff Scale. An inductive content analysis according to Elo and Kyngäs was performed. Findings: Resilience, self-esteem and interdependence with significant others are key elements that promote well-being. Participants develop strategies to minimize the effects of environmental factors. The occupation’s function in terms of socialization, use of time, and social participation is revealed as a conditioning factor of occupational adaptation. Implications: Interventions with older people to achieve a successful occupational adaptation process must take into consideration the commitment to meaningful activities.

Self‐esteem and suicide rates in 55 Nations

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armand Chatard ◽  
Leila Selimbegović ◽  
Paul N'Dri Konan
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Relevant Factors

Using recent data from the International Sexuality Description Project (ISDP), we examined whether national differences in self‐esteem across 55 nations are reflected in suicide rates. Results indicate that suicide is especially common in nations with relatively low levels of self‐esteem. This relation is consistent across sex lines, age of suicide and independent from several other relevant factors such as economic affluence, transition, individualism, subjective well‐being, and neuroticism. These findings provide support for the predictive validity of self‐esteem scores as assessed in the ISDP survey. They also contribute to a growing body of research documenting negative consequences associated with low self‐esteem. Possible implications for suicide prevention strategies are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

scholarly journals Relationship between 12–16-Year-Old Athletes’ Self-Esteem, Self-Confidence and Bullying

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (85) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilona Tilindienė ◽  
Giedrė Judita Rastauskienė ◽  
Aida Gaižauskienė ◽  
Tomas Stupuris
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Adolescent Athletes ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Confidence Levels ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sports Activities

Research  background  and  hypothesis.  Previous  research  has  proved  that  children  engaged  in  sports  easier integrate into the society and their psychological well-being is much higher,  sports activities can help them resist to the harmful influence of their peers and prevent them from engaging into delinquent behavior. However, there still is a lack of a studies providing evidence about factors that determine the expression of compulsion. Hypothesis: The level of self-esteem and self-confidence of adolescent athletes influences the occurrence of bullying and the initiation of it.  Research  aim  was  to  disclose  the  relationship  between  the  level  of  adolescent  athletes’  self-esteem,  self-confidence and the occurrence of bullying.Research methods. The study applied I. Shostrom’s modified self-esteem scale questionnaire and the adapted Bullying Scale for Schoolchildren. Research  results.  Results  showed  a  weak  correlation  between  bullying  and  self-esteem  levels  (γ =  0.24; p > 0.05). We found a weak adverse relationship between initiating bullying and self-assessment levels (γ = –0.16; p > 0.05), weak adverse correlation between experienced bullying and self-confidence levels (γ = –0.15; p > 0.05) and a weak linear relationship between initiating bullying and self-confidence (γ = 0.20; p > 0.05).Discussion and conclusions. Contrary to what we expected, we observed that athlete adolescents with the high levels of self-esteem suffered from bullying sometimes and often. Research findings suggest that adolescents who tend to initiate bullying demonstrated moderate and low levels of self-esteem. Most of athlete adolescents admitted that that did not initiate bullying or if they did, that was done only occasionally. It was found that adolescents with high and moderate self-confidence levels experienced bullying occasionally or not at all. Some athletes with low self-confidence levels professed that they suffered from bullying more often, and they also admitted that they often initiated bullying themselves. In our research we were unable failed to provide evidence which would prove that sports activities impacted or influenced adolescents’ bullying initiatives or experiences; therefore further research is needed to determine whether self-esteem and other internal personality qualities could affect the expression of bullying among non-athlete adolescents.Keywords: aggression, adolescents’ self- assessment, self-confidence.

scholarly journals Evaluating needs-based home visiting support: Can administrative data help?

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nell Warner
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Home Visiting ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Linear Regression Models

Objective Home visiting is a form of family support which can help families with different problems in different ways. Previous evaluations have utilised either experimental or qualitative designs. However, the needs-based nature of support presents a challenge for evaluation using experimental designs. Main Aim This paper illustrates the unique contribution that administrative data can make to understanding these problems and how it can be used to explore what support works for families in different situations. Methods The analysis of administrative data from one UK home visiting organisation, Home-Start, is presented. Exploratory analysis considers measures describing how well parents are coping with a range of issues and how this changes over the course of support. This highlights problems with evaluation because of the variety of issues Home-Start is supporting parents to cope with and the fact that the duration of support is needs-based. Methodological solutions are proposed for these problems using the administrative data. These include using subgroups to study families with different problems and considering the rate at which improvements occur as an outcome variable. Linear regression models are presented to demonstrate how these methods can identify aspects of support related to improvements in parental self-esteem. Results The methods used are able to demonstrate that the frequency of support and who the support is provided by are related to faster improvements in parental self-esteem. The analysis of sub-groups in the data shows that the frequency of support is important for all parents, but there are differences between parents in different situations, depending on whether volunteers or paid staff provide support. Conclusion The analysis of administrative data is able to make a unique contribution to the evaluation of needs-based home visiting support.

Demographic policies for large families in Greece: an opinion survey and implications for the social administration

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-722
Author(s):  
Dimitrios S. Stamoulis ◽  
Dimitrios N. Lambrou
Keyword(s):  
Large Family ◽  
Policy Formation ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Family Policies ◽  
Fiscal Constraints ◽  
Cascading Effect ◽  
What Works ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Large Families

Opinion surveys as a tool for policy formation and effectiveness testing in the area of demographic / family policies is rather neglected, although it may reveal significant perceived effectiveness and preference rankings by the recipients of these policies, giving a strong indication of what works best for families who are thinking of or have already been accredited the status of a large family. In an era of demographic decline and fiscal constraints, demographic / family policies need to be focused on what parents consider as important in order to affect their decisions. Given that the demographic decline has a negative cascading effect on several aspects of economy, society and personal life, selecting the policies that work best according to parents’ views who are the decision makers in these policy field, should be an imperative for governments nowadays.

scholarly journals The Impact on Child Developmental Status at 12 Months of Volunteer Home-Visiting Support

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Home Visiting ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Professional Services ◽  
Home Visitors ◽  
Vulnerable Families ◽  
Volunteer Support ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Home-visiting support during pregnancy or soon after the birth of an infant can be advantageous for maternal well-being and infant development. The best results have been identified when home visitors are professionals, especially nurses, and if a theoretically driven curriculum is followed with fidelity. Some suggest that disadvantaged families, who may avoid professional services, respond well to support from community volunteers, but there is less evidence about their impact. This study identified potentially vulnerable mothers during pregnancy in randomly allocated neighbourhoods where local volunteer home-visiting schemes agreed to offer proactive volunteer support and control areas where the local home-visiting schemes did not offer this proactive service. Taking demographic, child, and family factors into account, there were no significant differences in infant cognitive development at 12 months of age between families who had been supported by a volunteer and those who had not. Better cognitive development was predicted by less reported parenting stress when infants were 2 months and a more stimulating and responsive home environment at 12 months. The results suggest that unstructured proactive volunteer support for potentially vulnerable families is not likely to enhance infant development. Limitations of the cluster-randomised design are discussed.

scholarly journals The Cognitive-Affective Component of the Formation of a Social Work Specialist

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentyna Balakhtar
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Professional Help ◽  
Affective Component ◽  
The Social ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
High Level ◽  
Basic Beliefs

professional development of the social work personality. The purpose of the study is to determine the socio-psychological characteristics and the level of formation of the cognitive-affective sphere of social work specialists. According to the results of the research, there is an insufficient level of awareness and understanding of the peculiarities of the formation in the field of social work: most social work specialists understand the formation in the field of social work as a professional help to different categories of the population. Insufficient awareness of the system of indicators of formation of a specialist (professionally important qualities) has been established. The basic beliefs of specialists, the creative potential and its indicators, which turned out to be quite underdeveloped in social work specialists, are investigated. A high level of positive self-esteem was found in only about half of the subjects; less than half of those surveyed have low levels of psychological well-being, resulting in low levels of empathy.

Social Motives Predict Loneliness During a Developmental Transition

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Nikitin ◽  
Alexandra M. Freund
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Avoidance ◽  
Social Approach ◽  
Social Motives ◽  
Developmental Transitions ◽  
Avoidance Motivation ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Low Levels

Abstract. Establishing new social relationships is important for mastering developmental transitions in young adulthood. In a 2-year longitudinal study with four measurement occasions (T1: n = 245, T2: n = 96, T3: n = 103, T4: n = 85), we investigated the role of social motives in college students’ mastery of the transition of moving out of the parental home, using loneliness as an indicator of poor adjustment to the transition. Students with strong social approach motivation reported stable and low levels of loneliness. In contrast, students with strong social avoidance motivation reported high levels of loneliness. However, this effect dissipated relatively quickly as most of the young adults adapted to the transition over a period of several weeks. The present study also provides evidence for an interaction between social approach and social avoidance motives: Social approach motives buffered the negative effect on social well-being of social avoidance motives. These results illustrate the importance of social approach and social avoidance motives and their interplay during developmental transitions.

Social and Temporal Comparisons as Moderators of Psychological Resources Associations With Wellbeing

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasida Ben-Zur
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Subjective Wellbeing ◽  
Social Comparisons ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Psychological Resources ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Age Range ◽  
General Wellbeing

Abstract. The current study investigated the associations of psychological resources, social comparisons, and temporal comparisons with general wellbeing. The sample included 142 community participants (47.9% men; age range 23–83 years), who compared themselves with others, and with their younger selves, on eight dimensions (e.g., physical health, resilience). They also completed questionnaires assessing psychological resources of mastery and self-esteem, and three components of subjective wellbeing: life satisfaction and negative and positive affect. The main results showed that high levels of psychological resources contributed to wellbeing, with self-enhancing social and temporal comparisons moderating the effects of resources on certain wellbeing components. Specifically, under low levels of mastery or self-esteem self-enhancing social or temporal comparisons were related to either higher life satisfaction or positive affect. The results highlight the role of resources and comparisons in promoting people’s wellbeing, and suggest that self-enhancing comparisons function as cognitive coping mechanisms when psychological resources are low.

Analysis of Self-Concept in Older Adults in Different Contexts

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 262-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel de Gracia Blanco ◽  
Josep Garre Olmo ◽  
María Marcó Arbonès ◽  
Pilar Monreal Bosch
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Nursing Home ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Discriminatory Capacity

Summary: Self-concept is a construct consisting of a group of specific self-perceptions that are hierarchically organized. Age-associated changes of self-concept are related to the individual's perception of the changes occurring throughout the aging process. The authors examined external validity and internal consistency of an instrument that has been developed to assess self-concept in older adults and examined self-concept's characteristics in two different contexts. Results confirm the multidimensionality of the scale and show a satisfactory external validity, indicating good discriminatory capacity. Findings support the hypothesis that older people who live in a nursing home have a poor self-esteem, self-concept, and psychological well-being and have a greater presence of depressive symptoms than people who live in their own home.

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