scholarly journals Biomarkers of Inflammation in the Context of Acute Illness Among Children 12–24 Months of Age Living in the Urban Slums of Mumbai

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1534-1534
Author(s):  
Kripa Rajagopalan ◽  
Samantha Huey ◽  
Sudha Venkatramanan ◽  
Shobha Udipi ◽  
Varsha Thakker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Acute Illness ◽  
Urban Slums ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Acute Phase Reactants ◽  
The Past ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Objectives To examine and compare the concentration of acute phase proteins, including nutritional and inflammation biomarkers, by morbidity status among children 12–24 months old living in urban slums of Mumbai. Methods 12–24-month-old children were screened for participation in a randomized controlled trial involving feeding of iron- and zinc-biofortified pearl millet complementary foods. Information on acute illness including fever, respiratory symptoms, and diarrhea on the day of screening, in the past 7 days, and the last 4 weeks was collected along with blood samples for analysis of concentrations of nutritional (ferritin, retinol) and inflammation biomarkers (C-reactive protein, alpha-1-glycoprotein) involved in the acute phase response. Difference in medians were compared by the Kruskal-Wallis Test. Results The mean age of children was 14.9 months; 51% were males. More than half the children (54%) had at least one or more symptoms such as fever, cough, or diarrhea at any timepoint in the 4 weeks prior to the interview. Among those with symptoms, fever and respiratory symptoms, either alone or in combination, were most common (44.8%), while diarrhea (alone or in combination with fever or respiratory symptoms) was present in only 11% of the population. More than a quarter had some illness in the 7 days before the interview (25.8%) with 2.5% having illness (fever and/or respiratory symptoms) on the day of the interview. Among those reporting no morbidity, 7% had elevated CRP. Among those reporting acute illness on the day of interview or in the past 7 days, 13% had elevated CRP. When compared across different kinds of acute illness and having no symptoms, there was no significant difference in the median concentrations of CRP, ferritin, and retinol. Similar results were observed on comparing the concentration of these acute phase reactants across children with no, one, two, or more symptoms. Conclusions Among this pediatric population, we did not observe any significant difference in the concentration of acute phase reactants by illness type or number of concurrent illnesses compared with apparently healthy children. Funding Sources HarvestPlus.

scholarly journals Establishment of peritoneal liquid electrophoretogram from healthy horses and horses submitted to experimentally induced intestinal obstruction

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 665-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.F.S. Nogueira ◽  
P.A. Di Filippo ◽  
L.A. Anai ◽  
M.C. Vieira ◽  
K.M.M.G. Simplício ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Obstruction ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Page Electrophoresis ◽  
Experimentally Induced

The initial inflammatory stages of the colic syndrome include changes known as acute phase response. The aim of this study was to contribute with the establishment of reference values concerning the electrophoretogram of peritoneal liquid from healthy horses and horses submitted to experimentally induced intestinal obstruction. Twenty-one horses were allotted in four groups: duodenal obstruction (DG), ileum obstruction (IG), left-dorsal colon obstruction (MG), and control group (CG). Peritoneal liquid was sampled before obtruction (T0), with 3 hours of obstruction (T3) and 6, 30, 102 and 174 hours after desobstructing (T6, T30, T102 and T174, respectively). Total protein levels were determined by the biuret method and protein fractions were obtained by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. The acute phase proteins (APP) identified were Immunoglobulin-A, ceruloplasmin, transferrin, albumin, α1-antitrypsin, heavy and light chains of immunoglobulin-G, haptoglobin, α1-acid glycoprotein and a still unnamed protein, which was called P24. There was no difference (P>0.3) in protein levels among groups, although a significant difference (P>0.05) was observed between distinct experimental moments in each group evidencing a higher response of the APP in the obstructed groups. The APP fractioning of the peritoneal liquid was standardized to establish a standard curve for healthy equines and those submitted to induced intestinal obstruction. Moreover, it was verified that the SDS-PAGE electrophoresis was sensitive and effective to help diagnose abdominal inflammatory processes.

scholarly journals Acute phase proteins in bitches subjected to conventional and minimally invasive ovariohysterectomy

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 2124-2128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M.S. Schmidt ◽  
Camila P. Rubio ◽  
Funmilola Thomas ◽  
João C.P. Ferreira ◽  
David P. Eckersall
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Serum Haptoglobin ◽  
Hemoglobin Binding ◽  
Mixed Breed ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Haptoglobin Concentration

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate and to compare the possible inflammatory changes by screening acute phase proteins concentrations in healthy bitches subjected to ovariohysterectomy. Minimally invasive and conventional (laparotomy) ovariohysterectomies were performed in 17 client-owned adult female mixed breed dogs. Nine animals were subjected to minimally invasive and eight animals to conventional ovariohysterectomy. Blood samples were taken before surgery, 24, 48 hours, and seven days postoperatively. Serum C-reactive concentration was determined by a commercial ELISA kit and serum haptoglobin concentration was measured via hemoglobin binding assay, both previously validated for use in dogs. As the data did not meet the normal distribution criteria, the nonparametric Kruskall-Wallis was performed to compare quantitative variables between groups. One-way ANOVA and the Friedman test were used for multiple comparisons between time points, with a P<0.05 considered significant. C-reactive protein concentration was significantly different (P<0.0001) at 24 hours postoperatively between groups. There was no significant difference in haptoglobin concentration between groups. C-reactive protein and haptoglobin concentrations were significantly different at 24 and 48 hours postoperatively for minimally invasive and conventional ovariohisterectomies. These findings provided an overview of the short-term inflammatory effects produced by minimally invasive and conventional ovariohysterectomies.

scholarly journals Reversible promoter methylation determines fluctuating expression of acute phase proteins

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-Chao Zhang ◽  
Ming-Yu Wang ◽  
Jun-Rui Feng ◽  
Yue Chang ◽  
Shang-Rong Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Promoter Methylation ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Secretory Proteins ◽  
Acute Phase Reactants ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Cytokine Stimulation ◽  
Inducible Genes

Acute phase reactants (APRs) are secretory proteins exhibiting large expression changes in response to proinflammatory cytokines. Here we show that the expression pattern of a major human APR, that is C-reactive protein (CRP), is casually determined by DNMT3A and TET2-tuned promoter methylation status. CRP features a CpG-poor promoter with its CpG motifs located in binding sites of STAT3, C/EBP-β and NF-κB. These motifs are highly methylated at the resting state, but undergo STAT3- and NF-κB-dependent demethylation upon cytokine stimulation, leading to markedly enhanced recruitment of C/EBP-β that boosts CRP expression. Withdrawal of cytokines, by contrast, results in a rapid recovery of promoter methylation and termination of CRP induction. Further analysis suggests that reversible methylation also regulates the expression of highly inducible genes carrying CpG-poor promoters with APRs as representatives. Therefore, these CpG-poor promoters may evolve CpG-containing TF binding sites to harness dynamic methylation for prompt and reversible responses.

scholarly journals Alterations in acute-phase reactants (CRP, rheumatoid factor, complement, Factor B, and immune complexes) following an ultramarathon

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
SJ Semple ◽  
LL Smith ◽  
AJ McKune ◽  
N Neveling ◽  
A Wadee
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Factor ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Immune Complexes ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Complement Factor ◽  
Acute Phase Reactants ◽  
Factor B ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Wide Range

Objectives. The human body initiates an acute phase response (APR) in response to a wide range of homeostatic disturbances. This complex series of reactions serves to activate repair processes and prevent ongoing tissue damage. An important aspect of the APR is the de novo synthesis of acute phase proteins (APP), many of which have not been thoroughly investigated. Main outcome measures. Alterations in CRP (C-reactive protein), C1est, C3, C4, C6, rheumatoid factor (RF) and Factor B were determined before and after an ultramarathon. Data were analysed using a one-way analysis of variance comparing values to pre-exercise levels. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Design. Venepunctures were performed on athletes participating in an ultramarathon (90 km) 24 hours before, immediately post-exercise (IPE), and 3h, 24h and 72h after the race. Serum was stored at –80°C until analysed. CRP levels in serum were assessed using the N Latex CRP kit. The levels of circulating immune complexes (CIC) were determined using particle-enhanced nephelometry. Complement proteins C1est, C3, C4 and RF were measured using laser nephelometry. C6 and Factor B were determined by radial immunodiffusion. Results. CRP was significantly elevated IPE (58%), 3h post (77%), 24h post (87%) and 72h post (69%). Pre-race CRP levels were above the normative range (5.10 ± 3.08 mg/l), C6 was significantly elevated (p < 0.05) at 24h post (7.8%) and 72h post (8.8%) exercise. Factor B was significantly elevated (p < 0.05) at 72h post exercise (12.8%). RF was significantly elevated at 72h post exercise (6.7%). Conclusion. Significant increases in selected acutephase reactants occur several days after the exercise event. In addition, as indicated by elevated resting levels of CRP, the athletes began the race with some degree of inflammation, presumably as a result of the cumulative training and racing mileage in preparation for the ultramarathon. SA Sports Medicine Vol.16(2) 2004: 17-21

scholarly journals The diagnostic accuracy of acute phase proteins and proinflammatory cytokines in sheep with pneumonic pasteurellosis

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wael M. El-Deeb ◽  
Ahmed M. Elmoslemany
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Pneumonic Pasteurellosis ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Significant Difference

The goal of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of acute phase proteins and proinflammatory cytokines in sheep with pneumonic pasteurellosis. Blood samples were collected from 56 sheep (36 naturally infected withPasteurella multocidaand 20 healthy controls) belonging to one farm in Eastern region, Saudi Arabia. Serum samples were evaluated for acute phase proteins (Haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA) and fibrinogen (Fb)), and the proinflammatory cytokines (interleukins (IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interferon-gamma (IFN-ϒ)). Additionally, nasopharyngeal swabs and bronchoalveolar lavages were collected from all animals for bacteriological examinations. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to assess the diagnostic performance of each parameter. All parameters showed moderate to high degree of positive correlation with case-control status. There was no significant difference in the area under the curve (AUC) among acute phase proteins; however, both Hp and SAA showed better sensitivity and specificity than Fb. The proinflammatory cytokines (IL1-α, IL1-β, and IL6) showed similar and highly accurate diagnostic performance (AUC> 0.9), whereas IFN-ϒ was moderately accurate (AUC= 0.79). In conclusion, this study confirms the value of acute phase proteins and cytokines as diagnostic biomarkers of naturally occuring pneumonic pasteurellosis in sheep.

Plasma and Breast Milk Vitamin A as Indicators of Vitamin A Status in Pregnant Women

2000 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 271-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Semba ◽  
Newton Kumwenda ◽  
Taha Taha ◽  
Laban Mtimavalye ◽  
Robin Broadhead ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
Plasma Retinol

Breast milk vitamin A is not well characterized as an indicator of vitamin A status in women with infections. A controlled trial of vitamin A, 3 mg retinol equivalent/day, was conducted among 697 pregnant women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Malawi which allowed comparison of plasma versus breast milk vitamin A as indicators of vitamin A status. Retinol concentrations were measured in plasma at baseline (18–28 weeks) and 38 weeks gestation and breast milk at 6 weeks post-partum. Plasam a1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured at baseline. Plasma retinol (geometric mean, SD) at 38 weeks was 0.72 (0.44, 1.18) and 0.61 (0,38, 0.98) mmol/L (P < 0.0002) and breast milk retinol was 1.32 (0.71, 2.43) and 0.95 (0.49, 1.82) mmol/L (P < 0.0001) in vitamin A and placebo groups, respectively. Women with elevated acute phase protein (AGP > 1 gm/L and/or CRP > 5 mg/L) at baseline who received vitamin A had significantly higher plasma and breast milk vitamin A at follow-up compared with placebo, Elevated acute phase proteins did not distinguish women with low body stores of vitamin A. Breast rnilk retinol appears to be a better indicator of vitamin A status than plasma retinol in women with infections.

scholarly journals Glucocorticoids and catecholamines as mediators of acute-phase proteins, especially rat α-macrofoetoprotein

1984 ◽  
Vol 220 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
J van Gool ◽  
W Boers ◽  
M Sala ◽  
N C J J Ladiges
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Acute Phase Protein ◽  
Phase Reaction ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Acute Phase Reactants ◽  
Adrenal Hormones ◽  
Crossed Immunoelectrophoresis ◽  
Very High

Adrenal hormones were studied as possible triggering substances of the synthesis of acute-phase reactants in rats. alpha-Macrofoetoprotein, which rises sharply in concentration during inflammation, was used to monitor the acute-phase reaction. In normal rats glucocorticoids and catecholamines induce alpha-macrofoetoprotein synthesis; glucocorticoids only increase alpha-macrofoetoprotein to moderate levels in plasma, but catecholamines enhance alpha-macrofoetoprotein synthesis to very high levels, comparable with those observed in the post-injury phase. However, catecholamines in vivo also activate the adrenal cortex, suggesting a synergistic effect of both kinds of adrenal hormones. Our study showed that in adrenalectomized rats, the effect of catecholamines on alpha-macrofoetoprotein synthesis is greatly diminished, whereas the moderate effect of glucocorticoids remains. Combination of glucocorticoids and catecholamines induces extremely high alpha-macrofoetoprotein levels in both adrenalectomized and normal rats. With crossed immunoelectrophoresis it was shown that other acute-phase reactants, such as haptoglobin and alpha 1-major acute-phase protein, are affected differently by the hormones. Contrary to glucocorticoids, catecholamines give a pattern comparable with that found after surgical injury.

scholarly journals Serum Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 in Comparison with Acute Phase Proteins as a Marker of Disease Activity and Radiographic Damage in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmood M. T. M. Ally ◽  
Bridget Hodkinson ◽  
Pieter W. A. Meyer ◽  
Eustasius Musenge ◽  
Mohammed Tikly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Acute Phase Reactants ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 ◽  
Early Ra ◽  
Potential Biomarker

Matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) is involved in the immunopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but little is known about its relationship to genetic susceptibility and biomarkers of disease activity, especially acute phase reactants in early RA. MMP-3 was measured by ELISA in serum samples of 128 disease-modifying, drug-naïve patients and analysed in relation to shared epitope genotype, a range of circulating chemokines/cytokines, acute phase reactants, autoantibodies, cartilage oligomeric protein (COMP), and the simplified disease activity index (SDAI). MMP-3 was elevated >1.86 ng/ml in 56.25% of patients (P<0.0001), correlated with several biomarkers, notably IL-8, IL-6, IFNγ, VEGF and COMP (rvalues = 0.22–0.33,P<0.014–0.0001) and with CRP and SAA levels (r=0.40and 0.41, resp.,P<0.0000) and SDAI (r=0.29,P<0.0001), but not with erosions or nodulosis. However, the correlations of CRP and SAA with SDAI were stronger (respective values of 0.63 and 0.54,P<0.001for both). COMP correlated with smoking, RF, and MMP-3. MMP-3 is significantly associated with disease activity, inflammatory mediators and cartilage breakdown, making it a potential biomarker of disease severity, but seemingly less useful than CRP and SAA as a biomarker of disease activity in early RA.

The effect of flaxseed on physical and mental fatigue in children and adolescents with overweight/obesity: a randomised controlled trial

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Zohreh Gholami ◽  
Masoumeh Akhlaghi
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Mental Fatigue ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Remarkable Change ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Intention To Treat ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Anti-inflammatory agents such as long-chain n-3 fatty acids have been recognised to improve disease-related fatigue. We hypothesised that α-linolenic acid may also benefit in reduction of fatigue in low-grade inflammation such as overweight/obesity. Seventy-two healthy children and adolescents with BMI > 25 kg/m2 were randomised to flaxseed (n 38) and puffed wheat (n 34) groups. Participants consumed isoenergetic amounts of either 20 g/d flaxseed or 25 g/d puffed wheat for 4 weeks. Fatigue, mood feelings (depression, anxiety and stress), appetite, energy intake, weight, height and waist circumference were measured. Analysis was performed based on per-protocol and intention-to-treat (ITT) approaches. Consumption of flaxseed decreased mental fatigue and caused a significant between-group difference (P < 0·001). Although no significant change in physical and total score of fatigue was observed in either group, a significant between-group difference occurred due to a more remarkable change in these parameters in the flaxseed group. General fatigue, motivation, activity and mood feelings did not change significantly between groups. Flaxseed showed less benefit than puffed wheat on anthropometric measures as it caused a smaller increase in height (0·53 (sd 0·89) v. 1·09 (sd 0·87) cm, P = 0·03) and reduction in BMI (–0·25 (sd 0·63) v. −0·67 (sd 0·56) kg/m2, P = 0·01) than puffed wheat. Appetite and waist circumference decreased in both groups, but no significant difference was observed between groups. In ITT analysis, only alteration in mental fatigue was significant. In conclusion, consumption of flaxseed may improve mental fatigue in children with overweight/obesity. However, because of smaller increase in height, it is better to hinder administration of flaxseed during periods of growth.

scholarly journals Lowered Serum Testosterone Concentration Is Associated With Enhanced Inflammation and Worsened Lipid Profile in Men

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Grandys ◽  
Joanna Majerczak ◽  
Justyna Zapart-Bukowska ◽  
Krzysztof Duda ◽  
Jan K. Kulpa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Acute Phase Reactants ◽  
Aging Men ◽  
Lowered Serum

The negative relationship between testosterone and inflammatory cytokines has been reported for decades, although the exact mechanisms of their interactions are still not clear. At the same time, little is known about the relation between androgens and acute phase proteins. Therefore, in this investigation, we aimed to study the relationship between androgen status and inflammatory acute phase reactants in a group of men using multi-linear regression analysis. Venous blood samples were taken from 149 men ranging in age from 18 to 77 years. Gonadal androgens [testosterone (T) and free testosterone (fT)], acute phase reactants [C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin (FER), alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AAG), and interleukin-6 (IL-6)], cortisol (C), and lipid profile concentrations were determined. It was demonstrated that the markers of T and fT were negatively correlated with all acute phase proteins (CRP, FER, and AAG; p &lt; 0.02) and the blood lipid profile [total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides (TG); p &lt; 0.03]. Multivariate analysis showed that T, fT, and the fT/C ratio were inversely correlated with the CRP, AAG, and FER concentrations independently of age and blood lipids. When adjustment for BMI was made, T, fT, and the fT/C ratio were negatively correlated with the AAG concentrations only. In addition, it was demonstrated that gonadal androgens were positively correlated with physical activity level (p &lt; 0.01). We have concluded that a lowered serum T concentration may promote inflammatory processes independently of adipose tissue and age through a reduced inhibition of inflammatory cytokine synthesis, which leads to enhanced acute phase protein production. Therefore, a low serum T concentration appears to be an independent risk factor in the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, the positive correlation between testosterone and physical activity level suggests that exercise training attenuates the age-related decrease in gonadal androgens and, in this way, may reduce the enhancement of systemic low-grade inflammation in aging men.

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