scholarly journals To What Extent Does Greater Diversity of the Diet Prevent Cardiovascular Diseases and Related Mortality? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1065-1065
Author(s):  
Hadis Mozaffari ◽  
Zeinab Hosseini ◽  
Jacynthe Lafrenière ◽  
Annalijn Conklin
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
European Populations ◽  
Related Mortality ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Abstract Objectives Dietary diversity is linked to factors associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as improved dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. However, the role of dietary diversity in the risk of CVDs has remained controversial. This meta-analysis assessed whether greater diversity across the diet and within food groups can protect against CVDs and related mortality. Methods A systematic search was done using bibliographic databases of PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science for longitudinal studies published between 2008–2020 from developed countries. Random-effects models pooled risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI); the Cochrane Q test and subgroup analysis assessed heterogeneity and its potential sources. Sensitivity analysis checked for robustness of findings and Egger test assessed publication bias. Results From the 6713 results, 4,950 titles and abstracts were screened for eligibility to provide, respectively, 8 included CVD studies (437,244 participants and 18,820 cases) and 7 included CVD-mortality studies (160,877 participants and 5,631 cases). All studies were assessed as high or moderate quality. There was a small inverse but non-significant association between total dietary diversity and CVDs (RR: 0.93 [95% CI: 0.86, 1.00], I² = 31.7%), which was driven by the effect in non-European populations and the diversity measured by food groups not foods. Moreover, total dietary diversity was inversely but non-significantly associated with mortality from CVDs (RR: 0.83 [95% CI: 0.70, 1.00], I² = 46.1%). This relationship was significant when studies used >3 categories of exposure, FFQ assessment tool, were conducted on non-Europeans, had ≥10,000 participants, and adjusted for energy intake. These subgroup characteristics were sources of heterogeneity. Studies reporting diversity within food groups could only be pooled for the association between vegetables diversity and CVD mortality, which was null. We found no evidence of publication bias or a single study driving the observed associations. Conclusions Findings indicated greater total dietary diversity may benefit CVDs and related mortality in non-European populations. More research is needed regarding within-group diversity. Funding Sources None.

scholarly journals Understanding the Enablers and Barriers to Appropriate Infants and Young Child Feeding Practices in India: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 825
Author(s):  
Mansi Dhami ◽  
Felix Ogbo ◽  
Blessing Akombi-Inyang ◽  
Raphael Torome ◽  
Kingsley Agho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Child ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Young Child Feeding ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
One Year

Despite efforts to promote infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices, there is no collective review of evidence on IYCF enablers and barriers in India. This review was conducted using 2015 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Six computerized bibliographic databases, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Embase, and Ovid MEDLINE, were searched for published studies on factors associated with IYCF practices in India from 1 January 1993, to 30 April 2020. IYCF practices examined were early initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding, continued breastfeeding at one year, introduction to solid semi-solid or soft foods, minimum dietary diversity, minimum meal frequency, minimum acceptable diet, continued breastfeeding at two years, predominant breastfeeding, and bottle feeding. In total, 6968 articles were retrieved, and 46 studies met the inclusion criteria. The common enablers of IYCF were higher maternal socioeconomic status (SES) and more frequent antenatal care visits (ANC) (≥3). Common barriers to IYCF practices were low SES and less frequent ANC. The review showed that the factors associated with IYCF practices in India are largely modifiable and multi-factorial. Improving IYCF practices would require the adoption of both facilities- and community-based policy interventions at the subnational and national levels in India.

Socioeconomic status and occurrence of chronic pain: a meta-analysis

Rheumatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Prego-Domínguez ◽  
Zahra Khazaeipour ◽  
Narmeen Mallah ◽  
Bahi Takkouche
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Case Control Studies

Abstract Objective To examine the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and the occurrence of chronic pain, defined as pain that persists or recurs for >3 months. Methods We performed a structured search in Medline, Embase, WHO Global Index Medicus and Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Science databases to identify cohort and case–control studies on chronic pain and SES and its subgroups (SES combined index, educational level, income and occupational status). We extracted study characteristics, outcome measures and measures of association and their 95% CIs. Literature search, data extraction and risk of bias assessment were conducted by two independent researchers. We performed main and subgroup meta-analyses using random-effects model, and formally assessed heterogeneity and publication bias. Results A total of 45 studies, covering a population of ∼175 000 individuals, were meta-analysed, yielding a pooled Odds Ratio (OR) of 1.32 (95% CI: 1.21, 1.44) and 1.16 (95% CI: 1.09, 1.23) for low and medium SES levels, respectively, compared with high level. We obtained similar results in all the subgroup analyses. Heterogeneity was generally moderate to high across strata, and some evidence of publication bias for low socioeconomic status was found. Conclusion Our results support a moderate increase in the risk of chronic pain for low and medium SES when compared with high SES, a feature that remained constant in all measures of exposure or outcome used. Further prospective research on populations from developing countries are needed to confirm our findings as the studies available for this meta-analysis were carried out exclusively in developed countries.

scholarly journals Body mass index and the risk of disability retirement: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahman Shiri ◽  
Kobra Falah-Hassani ◽  
Tea Lallukka
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Disability Retirement

The aim of this study was to determine the associations of body mass index (BMI) with all-cause and cause-specific disability retirement. Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase and Web of Science from their inception to May 2019. A total of 27 (25 prospective cohort and 2 nested case-control) studies consisting of 2 199 632 individuals qualified for a meta-analysis. Two reviewers independently assessed the methodological quality of the included studies. We used a random effects meta-analysis, assessed heterogeneity and publication bias, and performed sensitivity analyses. There were a large number of participants and the majority of studies were rated at low or moderate risk of bias. There was a J-shaped relationship between BMI and disability retirement. Underweight (hazard ratio (HR)/risk ratio (RR)=1.20, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.41), overweight (HR/RR=1.13, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.19) and obese individuals (HR/RR=1.52, 95% CI 1.36 to 1.71) were more commonly granted all-cause disability retirement than normal-weight individuals. Moreover, overweight increased the risk of disability retirement due to musculoskeletal disorders (HR/RR=1.26, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.39) and cardiovascular diseases (HR=1.73, 95% CI 1.24 to 2.41), and obesity increased the risk of disability retirement due to musculoskeletal disorders (HR/RR=1.66, 95% CI 1.42 to 1.94), mental disorders (HR=1.29, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.61) and cardiovascular diseases (HR=2.80, 95% CI 1.85 to 4.24). The association between excess body mass and all-cause disability retirement did not differ between men and women and was independent of selection bias, performance bias, confounding and adjustment for publication bias. Obesity markedly increases the risk of disability retirement due to musculoskeletal disorders, cardiovascular diseases and mental disorders. Since the prevalence of obesity is increasing globally, disease burden associated with excess body mass and disability retirement consequently are projected to increase. Reviewregistrationnumber: CRD42018103110.

scholarly journals „Der Club bringt mich noch ins Grab“ – oder doch nicht?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Rau ◽  
Marcus Ebeling ◽  
Bernhard Köppen
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Emotional Stress ◽  
Soccer Match ◽  
The Past ◽  
Death Experience ◽  
The City ◽  
Related Mortality ◽  
Rule Out ◽  
Near Death Experience

Sudden emotional stress can lead to cardiovascular diseases and, potentially, to death. Some studies argued that even watching a stressful soccer match could be such a trigger for mortality. The results from the literature are ambiguous, though. Our analysis focuses on the second leg of the relegation matches between Nuremberg and Ingolstadt in July 2020. 1. FC Nuremberg, which has a reputation of losing in the very last second, won in the last minute of overtime. The stress of watching the match was supposedly so intense for supporters of 1. FC Nuremberg that a well-known journalist wrote a book "Fußball als Nahtoderfahrung" (soccer as a near death experience).Two days after the match the number of male deaths in Nuremberg was, indeed, extremely high: The number of deaths was only once higher on comparable days during the past 20 years. But the city of Nuremberg also experienced a large increase in temperature in the preceding days which may have caused some heat-related mortality. Thus, we can only speculate that the stress of the soccer match may have been instrumental for the relatively large number of deaths but we can not rule out other factors (e.g. temperature) either.Despite the lack of unambiguous results we are convinced that our results are worth reporting to counteract the well-known publication bias in favor of significant results.

scholarly journals Paracetamol Intake and Hematologic Malignancies: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2429
Author(s):  
Jesús Prego-Domínguez ◽  
Bahi Takkouche
Keyword(s):  
Publication Bias ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
World Health ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Chemopreventive Agents ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Dose Response Effect

Hematologic malignancies cause more than half a million deaths every year worldwide. Analgesics were suggested as chemopreventive agents for several cancers but so far, results from individual studies about the relationship between paracetamol (acetaminophen) use and hematologic malignancies are conflicting. Therefore, we decided to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis. We retrieved studies published in any language by systematically searching Medline, Embase, Conference Proceedings Citation Index, Open Access Theses and Dissertations, and the five regional bibliographic databases of the World Health Organization until December 2020. Pooled odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated according to the inverse of their variances. We performed separate analyses by histologic type. We also evaluated publication bias and assessed quality. A total of 17 study units met our inclusion criteria. The results show an association of hematologic malignancies with any paracetamol intake (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.23–1.80) and with high paracetamol intake (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.45–2.16). By subtype, risk was higher for multiple myeloma (OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.54–2.94) for any use and OR 3.16, 95% CI 1.96–5.10 for high intake, while risk was lower and non-significant for non-Hodgkin lymphoma. This meta-analysis provides evidence that paracetamol intake may be associated with hematologic malignancies and suggests that a dose–response effect is plausible. These results are unlikely to be due to publication bias or low quality of studies. Future research should focus on assessing the dose–response relationship.

scholarly journals Mortality from cardiovascular diseases and life expectancy in Russia

2017 ◽  
pp. 45-70
Author(s):  
Anatoly Vishnevsky ◽  
Evgeny Andreev ◽  
Sergey Timonin
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Negative Contribution ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Cvd Mortality

High premature mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its long-term negative trends are one of the main reasons for Russia's lag behind the developed countries in life expectancy, especially of its female population. Despite the decline in mortality since 2003, CVD mortality rates at particular ages (30-74 years for males and 30-49 for females) are still higher than in 1970. Decomposition of long-term changes in life expectancy in Russia shows a negative contribution of changes in CVD mortality for men (-1.0 years in 1972-2010) and a small positive contribution for women (+0.7 years from 1972 to 2010). The mortality structure within the full class of cardiovascular diseases in Russia is significantly different from that observed in the countries with the lowest level of CVD mortality. Ischemic heart disease constitutes more than half of all deaths, and this share, in contrast to Western countries, is tending to rise. Second place belongs to deaths from cerebrovascular diseases, the share of which is declining, but remains significantly higher than in Western countries. The share of deaths from other cardiovascular diseases accounts for about 50% of all CVD mortality in Western countries, while in Russia it is only about 15%, but these are characterized by a very low age at death. Regional patterns of CVD mortality in Russia are discussed, as well as the quality of statistics on causes of death and changes in the coding practices in the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals DMFT status in 12 years old Iranian population: A systematic review and meta-analysis study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Amini ◽  
Rahmatollah Moradzadeh ◽  
Zohreh Anbari ◽  
Javad Nazari ◽  
Mostafa Alimehr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Forest Plot ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Funnel Plot ◽  
Study Results

Abstract Background: Twelve years old, because of the ending eruption permanent teethes, has encountered with a great importance. The aim of this is to determine DMFT status of this age group using systematic review and meta-analysis method. Methods: Internal and external databases were searched on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria using the considered keywords. Heterogeneity and the quality of studies were assessed using I2 index and STROBE checklist. Forest plot was plotted using Random Effects Model. Funnel plot and Eggers’ test were used to indicate publication bias. Results: 95 studies with 12145 total persons, on average 393 person in each study, were entered to the final step of meta-analysis. Using Random Effects model, total mean DMFT of 12 years olds was estimated 2.01 (1.83-2.19) and separately for girls and boys was estimated 2.10 (1.95-2.26) and 2.16 (1.94-2.38), respectively. Funnel plot and Eggers’ test were insignificant which indicate reliability of the study results and low publication bias. Conclusion: DMFT status in Iranian 12 years old population is higher than the region and most developed countries. Dental health policy makers must take to account the important of permanent teethes and perform reforms in provision of the services.

Self-efficacy and quality of life among people with cardiovascular diseases: A meta-analysis.

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Banik ◽  
Ralf Schwarzer ◽  
Nina Knoll ◽  
Katarzyna Czekierda ◽  
Aleksandra Luszczynska
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Meta Analysis

Effects of Cancer, Coronary Artery Disease and other Comorbidities on COVID-19 Related Mortality: A Meta-analysis and Meta-regression

2020 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shon Shmushkevich ◽  
Massimo Baudo ◽  
Nagla Abdel Karim ◽  
Mahmoud Morsi ◽  
Mariam Khobsa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Related Mortality

Identification of and Correction for Publication Bias: Comment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Kvarven ◽  
Eirik Strømland ◽  
Magnus Johannesson
Keyword(s):  
Publication Bias ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Replication Studies ◽  
Moderate Reduction ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Meta Analyses

Andrews & Kasy (2019) propose an approach for adjusting effect sizes in meta-analysis for publication bias. We use the Andrews-Kasy estimator to adjust the result of 15 meta-analyses and compare the adjusted results to 15 large-scale multiple labs replication studies estimating the same effects. The pre-registered replications provide precisely estimated effect sizes, which do not suffer from publication bias. The Andrews-Kasy approach leads to a moderate reduction of the inflated effect sizes in the meta-analyses. However, the approach still overestimates effect sizes by a factor of about two or more and has an estimated false positive rate of between 57% and 100%.

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