Impacts of Ceftriaxone Exposure During Pregnancy on Maternal Gut and Placental Microbiota and Its Influence on Maternal and Offspring Immunity in Mice (OR01-04-19)

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to investigate whether antibiotic exposure during pregnancy could alter maternal gut and placental microbiota, and consequently affect the immunity of both mother and offspring. Methods Pregnant BALB/c mice (n = 24) were gavaged with ceftriaxone from gestation day 13 to delivery. Both dams and pups were then sacrificed immediately after delivery. Spleen, placental, and fecal samples were collected from the tested dams, and blood samples were collected from both the dams and their pups. The microbiota in the feces and placenta of the dams were comprehensively analyzed using16S rRNA sequencing. Furthermore, viable bacteria in the placentas of dams were also isolated by plate cultivation then taxonomically identified in detail by clone sequencing. Serum cytokines collected from dams and pups were quantitatively profiled using Luminex. Results The maternal spleen index was significantly lower and the offspring serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were significantly higher in ceftriaxone-treated mice compared with the control group. The diversity of maternal fecal microbiota was significantly lower in ceftriaxone-treated mice. The relative abundance of Bacteriodetes was significantly lower, while the relative abundance of Tenericutes was significantly higher in ceftriaxone-treated mothers. However, no significant differences in placental microbiota communities or metagenomic activity were found between the control group and the ceftriaxone-treated mice. Conclusions These results indicated that ceftriaxone exposure in pregnancy could dramatically alter maternal intestinal microbiota, which affected the immunity of the mothers and their offspring, characteristically by enhanced pro-inflammatory responses. The results from the present study also indicated that the placenta might harbor its own microbes, which may not be affected by environmental factors, such as oral administration of ceftriaxone during pregnancy. Further studies should be focused on the role of these microbes in the health of the fetus and infants. Funding Sources This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant number 81372982).

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Effect ofLactobacillus reuterion intestinal microflora and immune parameters: involvement of sex differences

10.1101/312678 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jiayi He ◽

Lingyi Wu ◽

Zhen Wu ◽

Daodong Pan ◽

Yuxing Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Relative Abundance ◽

Dose Group ◽

Low Dose ◽

Probiotic Strain ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Shannon Index ◽

Control Group ◽

Immune Parameters

AbstractProbiotic candidateL. reuteriwas screened out forin vivoexperiments based on a relatively higher gastrointestinal tolerance and moderate adhesiveness. As results shown inin-vivoexperiments, a significantly higher level of IL-12 at low-dose group was found both in females and males. Higher levels of T-lymphocytes were also observed in females compared to control group, however, males displayed a reduction expcept for CD8-positive cells in ileum. In comparison to the control group, the relative abundance of phylotypes in the phylumBacteroidetes(genus ofBacteroides,Prevotella) andFirmicutes(genus ofClostridiumIV) exihibited a reserve shift between sexes afterL. reuteriintervened. Meanwhile, the relative abundance of several taxa (Acetobacteroides,Lactobcaillus,bacillus) also differed markedly in sexes at low-dose group, together with microbiota diversity, as indicated by Shannon index.ImportanceSexual dimorphism has triggered researchers’ attention. However, the relationship between immune parameters and gut microbiota caused byLactobacillusat different dosage are not fully elucidated. In present research, the possible probiotic role ofL. reuteriDMSZ 8533 on immunomodulation and effect on fecal microbiota composition were investigated. Our findings demonstrate the importance of L. reuteri DMSZ 8533 as a potential probiotic strain with an immunomodulatory effect, which also alters the microflora composition depending on the sex of the host.

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Exogenous Fecal Microbial Transplantation Alters Fearfulness, Intestinal Morphology, and Gut Microbiota in Broilers

Frontiers in Veterinary Science ◽

10.3389/fvets.2021.706987 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Chao Yan ◽

Jinlong Xiao ◽

Zhiwei Li ◽

Hao Liu ◽

Xinjie Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Behavioral Plasticity ◽

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽

Muscle Layer ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Intestinal Morphology ◽

Control Group ◽

Muscularis Mucosa

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) documented transplanting a donor fecal sample to a receipt individual for a desired physiologic effect. However, whether the gut microbiota construction, intestinal maturation, and behavioral plasticity are modulated by FMT during the early life of broilers is waiting for verification. To evaluate the role of transfer of fecal microbiota from aged broilers donor (BD) to another individual, 96 birds were equally divided into a check (CK, control) group and a broiler recipient (BR) group. FMT was conducted daily from 5 to 12 days of age to determine the future impact on body weight, behavior, intestinal development, and gut microbiota. Results indicated that fearfulness in the CK group was higher than the BR group in both the behavioral tests (p < 0.05). The muscularis mucosa, thickness of muscle layer, and thickness of serous membrane layer in the BR group were higher compared with those of the CK group in the jejunum (p < 0.05). In the gut microbiota, Shannon diversity showed no difference, while beta diversity presented a difference in principal coordination analysis (PCoA) between the CK and BR groups. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Lentisphaerae in the CK group was lower than the BR (p = 0.052) and BD (p = 0.054) groups. The relative abundance of Tenericutes in the BD group was higher than that in the CK and BR groups (p < 0.05). At the genus level, Megamonas in the CK group was higher than the BR (p = 0.06) and BD (p < 0.05) groups. In the BR group, the functional capabilities of microbial communities analyzed by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway were increased in the glutamatergic synapse and N-glycan biosynthesis pathways in comparison with the CK and BD groups (p < 0.05). Some characteristics of gut microbiota in the donor chickens could be transferred to recipient chickens by FMT. In conclusion, exogenous FMT as a probiotic-like administration might be an efficient way to improve the physiology and behavior of chickens. Notably, the role of microbiota for various individuals and periods remains undefined, and the mechanism of microbiota on behaviors still needs further investigation.

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The Immunomodulatory Role of G2013 (α-L-Guluronic Acid) on the Expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in HT29 cell line

Current Drug Discovery Technologies ◽

10.2174/1570163815666180226093711 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 91-95 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hamid Farhang ◽

Laleh Sharifi ◽

Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal ◽

Mona Moshiri ◽

Zahra Norouzbabaie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Rna Extraction ◽

Cell Plate ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Control Group ◽

Ht29 Cells ◽

Guluronic Acid ◽

Tlr4 Mrna

Background: The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) play crucial role in the controlling of inflammatory diseases. Due to the vast side effects of NSAIDs, its use is limited. G2013 or &#945;-L-Guluronic Acid is a new NSAID with immunomodulatory features. Objectives: Considering the leading role of TLRs in inflammatory responses, in this study, we aimed to evaluate G2013 cytotoxicity and its effect on the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 molecules. Methods: HEK293-TLR2 and HEK293-TLR4 cells were cultured and seeded on 96-well cell plate, and MTT assay was performed for detecting the viability of the cells after treatment with different concentrations of G2013. HT29 cells were grown and treated with low and high doses of G2013. After total RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, quantitative real-time PCR were performed to assess the TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA synthesis. Results: We found that concentrations of ≤125 &#181;g/ml of G2013 had no apparent cytotoxicity effect on the HEK293-TLR2 and -TLR4 cells. Our results indicated that after G2013 treatment (5 &#181;g/ml) in HT29 cells, TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA expression decreased significantly compared with the untreated control group (p=0.02 and p=0.001 respectively). Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that G2013 can down regulate the TLR2 and TLR4 gene expression and exerts its inhibitory effect. Our findings are parallel to our previous finding which showed G2013 ability to down regulate the signaling pathway of TLRs. However, further studies are needed to identify the molecular mechanism of G2013.<p>

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Crosstalk between Gut and Brain in Alzheimer’s Disease: The Role of Gut Microbiota Modulation Strategies

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13020690 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 690

Author(s):

Umair Shabbir ◽

Muhammad Sajid Arshad ◽

Aysha Sameen ◽

Deog-Hwan Oh

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Gut Dysbiosis ◽

Dynamic Population

The gut microbiota (GM) represents a diverse and dynamic population of microorganisms and about 100 trillion symbiotic microbial cells that dwell in the gastrointestinal tract. Studies suggest that the GM can influence the health of the host, and several factors can modify the GM composition, such as diet, drug intake, lifestyle, and geographical locations. Gut dysbiosis can affect brain immune homeostasis through the microbiota–gut–brain axis and can play a key role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The relationship between gut dysbiosis and AD is still elusive, but emerging evidence suggests that it can enhance the secretion of lipopolysaccharides and amyloids that may disturb intestinal permeability and the blood–brain barrier. In addition, it can promote the hallmarks of AD, such as oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, amyloid-beta formation, insulin resistance, and ultimately the causation of neural death. Poor dietary habits and aging, along with inflammatory responses due to dysbiosis, may contribute to the pathogenesis of AD. Thus, GM modulation through diet, probiotics, or fecal microbiota transplantation could represent potential therapeutics in AD. In this review, we discuss the role of GM dysbiosis in AD and potential therapeutic strategies to modulate GM in AD.

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Amelioratory Effect of Nanoconjugated Vancomycin on Spleen during VRSA-Induced Oxidative Stress

Pathology Research International ◽

10.4061/2011/420198 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Subhankari Prasad Chakraborty ◽

Santanu KarMahapatra ◽

Sumanta Kumar Sahu ◽

Panchanan Pramanik ◽

Somenath Roy

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Reduced Glutathione ◽

Treated Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Myeloperoxidase Activity ◽

Viable Bacteria ◽

Antioxidant Effects ◽

Potential Use

Objective. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible antioxidant effects of nanoconjugated vancomycin against VRSA infection on select makers of oxidative damage and antioxidant status in spleen. Methods. A coagulase-positive VRSA strain was used for this study. VRSA infection was developed in Swiss mice by intraperitoneal injection of 5 × 106 CFU/mL bacterial solutions. VRSA-infected mice were treated with nanoconjugated vancomycin at its effective dose for 10 days. After decapitation, blood was used for determination of viable bacteria count and spleen was excised from control and experimental groups, homogenized and used for different biochemical estimations. Results. Nitrate level, myeloperoxidase activity, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, oxidized glutathione, and DNA fragmentation level were increased significantly (P<0.05) in spleen of VRSA-infected group as compared to control group, and reduced glutathione level, activity of SOD, CAT, GPx, GR, and GST were decreased significantly (P<0.05); which were increased or decreased significantly (P<0.05) near to normal in nanoconjugated vancomycin-treated group. Conclusion. These findings suggest the potential use and beneficial role of nanoconjugated vancomycin against VRSA-infection-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in spleen.

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Role of Pulmonary Alveolar Macrophages in Defense of the Lung against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.68.8.4585-4592.2000 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 68 (8) ◽

pp. 4585-4592 ◽

Cited By ~ 70

Author(s):

Dorothy O. Y. Cheung ◽

Keith Halsey ◽

David P. Speert

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Alveolar Macrophages ◽

Sublethal Dose ◽

Control Group ◽

High Dose ◽

Microbial Invasion ◽

Latex Beads ◽

Viable Bacteria

ABSTRACT Alveolar macrophages (AM) provide one of the first lines of defense against microbial invasion in the lower airways. The role of AM in the clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in mice after intrapulmonary challenge was evaluated. AM were depleted by intranasal administration of liposome-encapsulated dichloromethylene diphosphonate. At 24 h following the instillation of liposomes, a sublethal dose of P. aeruginosa was inoculated intranasally. Spleen, liver, and lung tissue was then evaluated for viable bacteria and for histopathology. AM depletion of 78 to 88% did not affect the survival rate of infected mice or clearance of P. aeruginosa from the spleen, liver, or lung, compared to the control group, but the mice's susceptibility to Klebsiella pneumoniae was greatly enhanced. The recruitment of neutrophils to the lung was also not affected. Freshly explanted AM were not competent to phagocytose unopsonized P. aeruginosa but were able to phagocytose zymosan particles. Further studies were conducted to assess the in situ phagocytic activities of AM. Three hours after the intranasal instillation of P. aeruginosa or other particles, bronchoalveolar lavage was performed. AM phagocytosis of zymosan particles and latex beads exceeded that of P. aeruginosa. Neutrophils were recruited to the lung in response to a high-dose bacterial challenge. These results suggest that AM do not play an important role in defense of the lung against P. aeruginosa.

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The Leptin Level in Development of Knee Osteoarthritis Disease

Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology ◽

10.51201/jusst/21/05405 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (06) ◽

pp. 1102-1105

Author(s):

Dr. Mustafa Saleam Khalaf ◽

Keyword(s):

Knee Osteoarthritis ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Concentration Level ◽

Control Group ◽

Fatty Tissue ◽

Cell Disease ◽

Serum Leptin ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Degenerative Cartilage

Subject: Knee Osteoarthritis (HOA) is known as degenerative cartilage cell disease in joint association with generation various inflammatory responses. This disease is more common in geriatrics and affected by many factors such as obesity. Leptin is hormones secreted by fatty tissue involve as a mediator in many pathophysiology processes, and supports inflammation at the cartilage of the knee joint. The objective of the Study: Role of the leptin concentration level in the progression of knee Osteoarthritis. Materials and Methods: This study was done on 60 patients with KOA disease and 60 healthy persons (control ), the all subject’s age within this study was more than 60 years of both genders. After obtained serum, immediately used quantity method (immunoassay) for the measured level of leptin concentration. Results: This study shows elevation of serum leptin concentration level in the KOA group compared with the healthy control group. Conclusion: This study confirms that serum leptin concentration level can act as support KOA disease progression.

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Effect of Coix Seed Extracts on Growth and Metabolism of Limosilactobacillus reuteri

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods11020187 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 187

Author(s):

Zhoujie Yang ◽

Anyan Wen ◽

Likang Qin ◽

Yi Zhu

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Nucleotide Metabolism ◽

Bioactive Metabolites ◽

Control Group ◽

Bioactive Constituents ◽

Coix Seed ◽

Viable Bacteria ◽

Scientific Attention ◽

Seed Extracts

Coix seed (Coix lachryma-jobi L.) is an important nourishing food and traditional Chinese medicine. The role of their bioactive constituents in physiology and pharmacology has received considerable scientific attention. However, very little is known about the role of coix seed bioactive components in the growth of Limosilactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of coix seed extract (CSE) on the growth, acidifying activity, and metabolism of L. reuteri. The results showed that CSE can increase the growth and acidifying activity of L. reuteri compared with the control group. During the stationary phase, the viable bacteria in the medium supplemented with coix seed oil (CSO, 13.72 Log10 CFU/mL), coix polysaccharide (CPO, 12.24 Log10 CFU/mL), and coix protein (CPR, 11.91 Log10 CFU/mL) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the control group (MRS, 9.16 Log10 CFU/mL). CSE also enhanced the biosynthesis of lactic acid and acetic acid of L. reuteri. Untargeted metabolomics results indicated that the carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and nucleotide metabolism activities of L. reuteri were increased after adding CSE. Furthermore, CSE increased the accumulation of bioactive metabolites, such as phenyl lactic acid, vitamins, and biotin. Overall, CSE may have prebiotic potential and can be used to culture L. reuteri with high viable bacteria.

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Formulation of traditional Chinese medicine and its application on intestinal flora of constipated rats

Microbial Cell Factories ◽

10.1186/s12934-020-01473-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sihan Li ◽

Youcheng He ◽

Haiou Zhang ◽

Rong Zheng ◽

Ruoying Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chinese Medicine ◽

Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Intestinal Flora ◽

Intestinal Bacteria ◽

Symbiotic Relationships ◽

Study Results ◽

Rrna Sequencing ◽

Pcr Technology

AbstractIn this study, the self-extracted constipation treatment of traditional Chinese medicine extracts was applied to constipated rats. To explore the mechanism and role of the Chinese medicine for the treatment of constipation, the 16S rRNA sequencing and qRT-PCR technology were used to analyze the intestinal flora. We found that the relative abundance of Firmicutes with constipation was significantly higher accounted for 86.7%, while the gut microbiota was significantly changed after taking a certain dose of Chinese medicine, greatly increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus accounted for 23.1%, enhanced the symbiotic relationships of Lactobacillus with other intestinal flora. The total copies of intestinal bacteria in the constipated rats decreased after taking the traditional Chinese medicine. Finally, this study results provides a theoretical basis for the treatment and understand the mechanism and effect of traditional Chinese medicine on rate constipation.

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Long-term efficacy and safety of monotherapy with a single fresh fecal microbiota transplant for recurrent active ulcerative colitis: a prospective randomized pilot study

Microbial Cell Factories ◽

10.1186/s12934-021-01513-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Haiming Fang ◽

Lian Fu ◽

Xuejun Li ◽

Chunxia Lu ◽

Yuan Su ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Control Group ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Fecal Microbiota Transplant ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

Abstract Background To assess the long-term safety and efficacy of monotherapy with a single fresh fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) for recurrent ulcerative colitis (UC). Results Twenty-six eligible patients were enrolled, and 6 patients were excluded. Ultimately, 20 patients were randomized to the FMT group (n = 10) and the control group (n = 10); 80% were females (F/M = 16/4), the mean age was 48 ± 14 years, and the mean duration was 6.4 ± 8.2 years. The mean length of post-FMT follow-up was 19.1 ± 10.1 months (6–38). No statistically significant differences in baseline demographic or clinical characteristics were found between the groups. Ninety percent of patients in the FMT group and 50% of patients in the control group met the primary endpoint at week 8. The Mayo score was significantly decreased compared with that of the control group (n = 10) when reassessed at week 4 (P = 0.001) and week 8 (P = 0.019) after FMT; there was no significant difference 6 months after treatment. The median remission time was 24 months (95% CI 68.26–131.7%) in both the FMT (range 6–38 months) and control groups (range 7–35 months), with no significant difference (P = 0.895). Participants tolerated FMT treatment, and no adverse events occurred during long-term follow-up, with one treatment-related significant adverse event (EBV infection) occurring within 2 weeks after FMT. Stool microbiota composition analysis indicated improved gut microbiota diversity after FMT, with expansion of stool-donor taxa. Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the dominant bacterial phyla of the gut microbiota in active UC patients. The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes decreased and that of Proteobacteria increased significantly in active UC patients compared with donors, while Firmicutes showed no significant changes. A single fresh FMT could effectively reconstruct the gut microbiota composition in patients with active UC and maintain stability, with increased Bacteroidetes and decreased Proteobacteria abundance. FMT significantly reduced the relative abundance of Escherichia and increased the relative abundance of Prevotella at the genus level. Pyruvate metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, and pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis showed significant differences after transplantation. Conclusions Monotherapy with a single fresh FMT is an effective and safe strategy to induce long-term remission without drugs in patients with active UC and may be an alternative induction therapy for recurrent UC or even primary UC.

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