Enhanced luminescence immunoassay: evaluation of a new, more sensitive thyrotropin assay.

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 2178-2183 ◽  
Author(s):  
R John ◽  
R Henley ◽  
D Chang ◽  
A M McGregor
Keyword(s):  
Detection Limit ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Primary Hypothyroidism ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Enhanced Luminescence ◽  
Thyroidal Status ◽  
Assay Precision ◽  
Post Menopausal

Abstract We measured thyrotropin (TSH) with an enhanced luminometric assay ("Amerlite"; Amersham International). The detection limit of the assay is 0.02 milli-int. unit/L. Within-assay precision was 6.7 and 7.8% at 3.77 and 12.1 milli-int units/L, respectively, and between-assay precision was almost identical, whether singleton or duplicate samples were assayed. TSH measured in 132 euthyroid subjects ranged from 0.06 to 4.13 milli-int. units/L (mean 1.52, SD 0.86). Similar concentrations were found in 20 healthy pregnant women and 19 of 20 healthy post-menopausal women (one of whom had undetectable TSH). In 17 patients with primary hypothyroidism, TSH concentrations ranged from 9.34 to greater than 200 milli-int. units/L; and in 53 of 59 patients with hyperthyroidism, TSH concentrations were undetectable, ranging in the remaining six from 0.03 to 0.06 milli-int. unit/L. Results for TSH in 28 patients stimulated with thyroliberin were consonant with the results of the thyroliberin test in 25 cases. Thus, for most patients, measurement of a basal TSH concentration evidently will predict their thyroidal status and also the response to thyroliberin, but a few will require additional tests of thyroid function.

Recurrent urinary tract infection in women

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 697-702
Author(s):  
Keren E Wales ◽  
Lauren Mecia ◽  
Thomas Gray
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Secondary Care ◽  
Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Recurrent Uti ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal

Recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common, and burdensome, condition that accounts for up to 3% of GP appointments per year. It affects over half of women in their lifetime, disproportionately affecting post-menopausal women. Most presentations of recurrent UTI will be to GPs, so for them to recognise and manage recurrent UTI, and when to refer to secondary care is important. This article outlines the microbial and non-microbial prophylaxis and management options available to GPs for recurrent UTI in non-pregnant women. The article will highlight when to refer patients to secondary care for further management.

The influence of thyroid disorders on bone density and biochemical markers of bone metabolism

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Tsevis ◽  
Eftihios Trakakis ◽  
Vasilios Pergialiotis ◽  
Eleni Alhazidou ◽  
Melpomeni Peppa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Bone Mass Density ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Thyroid dysfunction, predominantly hyperthyroidism, has been previously linked to impaired bone mass density (BMD) and increased risk of fractures. On the other hand, data in the field of hypothyroidism (HT) are missing. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of thyroid disorders on bone density serum and urine calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) as well as serum osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase and urine hydroxyproline in a series of post-menopausal women. Materials and methods The study was conducted in the Reproductive Endocrinology Outpatient Clinic of our hospital. A consecutive series of post-menopausal women was included, after excluding patients under hormone treatment (including levothyroxine supplementation) and those who received raloxifene, tamoxifen or tibolone during the study period as well as those who received treatment during the previous 12 months were excluded from the present study. Results Overall, 188 women were included in the present study. Among them, 143 women had normal thyroid function, 32 women had hyperthyroidism and 13 women had HT. Correlation of thyroid function indices with osteoporosis indices revealed statistically significant correlations between thyroxine (T4) and free triiodothyronine (T3) with T-, Z-scores and BMD. Logistic regression analysis concerning the impact of HT and hyperthyroidism on T-score, Z-score and bone mass density revealed that both pathological entities negatively affect bone health (p < 0.05). Conclusion The findings of our study suggest that not only hyperthyroidism, but also HT negatively affects BMD. Future studies should investigate this association and corroborate our findings.

STUDIES ON SALIVA IN MENSTRUATING, PREGNANT AND POST-MENOPAUSAL WOMEN

1965 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kullander ◽  
B. Sonesson
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Excretory Duct ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Menstruating Women ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Spontaneous Secretion ◽  
Fertile Women

ABSTRACT Saliva from normally menstruating, pregnant and post-menopausal women was collected by catheterizing the excretory duct of the submandibular gland. The saliva was studied for rate of secretion, water content and the crystallization pattern. In addition the spontaneous secretion of saliva as well as the secretion stimulated by histamine and by pilocarpine were studied. The observations can be summarized as follows: Histamine had no effect on the rate of secretion, while pilocarpine increased the secretion considerably. In fertile women, the rate of spontaneous and histamine-stimulated secretion was somewhat higher during the secretion phase of the menstrual cycle than during the proliferation phase. No significant difference was found between the water content of the saliva in the two phases. In pregnant women there was a decrease in the rate of secretion as compared with normally menstruating women. In the post-menopausal women the decrease in secretion of saliva was still more marked. In pregnant women the crystallization pattern of the saliva was coarser than in menstruating women. After the menopause the crystallization pattern was still coarser and in one case no crystallization occurred at all. No constant differences were observed between the patterns during the proliferation and secretion phases, respectively.

Thyroidal Status in Uremia - Effects of Hemodialysis and CAPD

1982 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 339-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Giordano ◽  
N.G. De Santo ◽  
C. Carella ◽  
V. Mioli ◽  
G. Bazzato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Primary Hypothyroidism ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Thyroidal Status ◽  
Peripheral Cells ◽  
Tsh Levels ◽  
Rule Out

Thyroid function was explored in 27 CAPD patients and 25 HD patients. Dialysis was associated with low T3 and T4 levels, increased rT3 concentrations, normal T4: T3 and reduced T4: rT3 ratios, normal FT3 and Thyroglobulin concentrations. TSH levels increased during dialysis but still fell within normal limits. The data rule out a condition of primary hypothyroidism and point out to increased thyroidal dismission associated with the block T4-T3 in peripheral cells. Also the increased FT4 levels in CAPD patients could be due to de novo dismission of thyroidal T4.

CHOROIDAL THICKNESS, MACULAR THICKNESS, RETINAL NERVE FIBER LAYER THICKNESS BY OCT IN NON-PREGNANT, PREGNANT AND POST MENOPAUSAL WOMEN

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherif Zaki ◽  
Thanaa Helmy ◽  
Hisham Samy ◽  
Nariman Fathy
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Rnfl Thickness ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ophthalmologic Examination ◽  
Post Menopausal

Abstract PURPOSE To evaluate the macular, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and choroidal thickness alterations by using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in postmenopausal, pregnant and non-pregnant women. PATIENTS AND METHODS A comparative study included a total of 42 eyes (Right eye) of 42 healthy females in the period from march 2019 to September 2019 divided into 3 groups: a) Non pregnant women. b) Pregnant women.c) Postmenopausal women. Each subject underwent a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination. Following this detailed ophthalmologic examination, the Rs 3000 Nidek Japan OCT device was used for the assessment choroidal, macular and RNFL Thickness. RESULTS The mean age of non-pregnant females was 29.64 ±3.13, mean age of pregnant females was 28.93 ±3.89 and of postmenopausal women was 53.86 ± 1.75. There was no significant difference in all macular quadrants in the 3 study groups. Choroidal thickness was statistically significant thicker in healthy pregnant females (333.36 ±44.42) than in healthy non pregnant (326.93±31.50) and significantly thinner in healthy post-menopausal women (282.64±28.04) than healthy non pregnant females. There was no significant difference in RNFL thickness between the 3 study groups. CONCLUSION Oct has evolved over the past decade as one of the most important ancillary tests in ophthalmic practice. Pregnancy hormones may lead to an increase in fluid volume in many tissues of the body. There was no statistically significant difference in macular thickness and RNFL thickness between the 3 study groups. Choroidal thickness was statistically significant thicker in healthy pregnant than in healthy non pregnant and significant thinner in healthy post-menopausal women than healthy non pregnant.

The Effects of Therapy with Oestriol Succinate and Ethinyl Oestradiol on the Haemostatic Mechanism in Post-Menopausal Women

1976 ◽  
Vol 35 (02) ◽  
pp. 403-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terence Davies ◽  
Gillian Fieldhouse ◽  
George P. McNicol
Keyword(s):  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Oestrogen Therapy ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Lysis Activity ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Incremental Increase ◽  
Ethinyl Oestradiol

SummaryThe effects on the haemostatic mechanism of oestrogen therapy, given to prevent bone loss in post-menopausal women, have been investigated. Oestriol succinate was given orally to 10 women at a level of 2 mg/day for 1 month and for a further 3 months with incremental increase of 2 mg each month. 6 of the 10 women were subsequently treated with 25 μg/day orally of ethinyl oestradiol. Oestriol succinate therapy resulted in a small increase in the level of factor VII, a decrease in factor VIII concentration and increased sensitivity of platelets to aggregating agents. Ethinyl oestradiol treatment resulted in much more widespread changes with marked increases in coagulation factors VII, VIII, IX and X, decreased levels of antithrombin and dramatic increases in circulating plasminogen levels and euglobulin lysis activity. The data suggested that the nature of oestrogens employed therapeutically is important in determining the qualitative and quantitative effect of oestrogen therapy on components of the haemostatic mechanism.

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