STUDIES ON SALIVA IN MENSTRUATING, PREGNANT AND POST-MENOPAUSAL WOMEN

1965 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kullander ◽  
B. Sonesson
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Excretory Duct ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Menstruating Women ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Spontaneous Secretion ◽  
Fertile Women

ABSTRACT Saliva from normally menstruating, pregnant and post-menopausal women was collected by catheterizing the excretory duct of the submandibular gland. The saliva was studied for rate of secretion, water content and the crystallization pattern. In addition the spontaneous secretion of saliva as well as the secretion stimulated by histamine and by pilocarpine were studied. The observations can be summarized as follows: Histamine had no effect on the rate of secretion, while pilocarpine increased the secretion considerably. In fertile women, the rate of spontaneous and histamine-stimulated secretion was somewhat higher during the secretion phase of the menstrual cycle than during the proliferation phase. No significant difference was found between the water content of the saliva in the two phases. In pregnant women there was a decrease in the rate of secretion as compared with normally menstruating women. In the post-menopausal women the decrease in secretion of saliva was still more marked. In pregnant women the crystallization pattern of the saliva was coarser than in menstruating women. After the menopause the crystallization pattern was still coarser and in one case no crystallization occurred at all. No constant differences were observed between the patterns during the proliferation and secretion phases, respectively.

CHOROIDAL THICKNESS, MACULAR THICKNESS, RETINAL NERVE FIBER LAYER THICKNESS BY OCT IN NON-PREGNANT, PREGNANT AND POST MENOPAUSAL WOMEN

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherif Zaki ◽  
Thanaa Helmy ◽  
Hisham Samy ◽  
Nariman Fathy
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Rnfl Thickness ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ophthalmologic Examination ◽  
Post Menopausal

Abstract PURPOSE To evaluate the macular, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and choroidal thickness alterations by using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in postmenopausal, pregnant and non-pregnant women. PATIENTS AND METHODS A comparative study included a total of 42 eyes (Right eye) of 42 healthy females in the period from march 2019 to September 2019 divided into 3 groups: a) Non pregnant women. b) Pregnant women.c) Postmenopausal women. Each subject underwent a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination. Following this detailed ophthalmologic examination, the Rs 3000 Nidek Japan OCT device was used for the assessment choroidal, macular and RNFL Thickness. RESULTS The mean age of non-pregnant females was 29.64 ±3.13, mean age of pregnant females was 28.93 ±3.89 and of postmenopausal women was 53.86 ± 1.75. There was no significant difference in all macular quadrants in the 3 study groups. Choroidal thickness was statistically significant thicker in healthy pregnant females (333.36 ±44.42) than in healthy non pregnant (326.93±31.50) and significantly thinner in healthy post-menopausal women (282.64±28.04) than healthy non pregnant females. There was no significant difference in RNFL thickness between the 3 study groups. CONCLUSION Oct has evolved over the past decade as one of the most important ancillary tests in ophthalmic practice. Pregnancy hormones may lead to an increase in fluid volume in many tissues of the body. There was no statistically significant difference in macular thickness and RNFL thickness between the 3 study groups. Choroidal thickness was statistically significant thicker in healthy pregnant than in healthy non pregnant and significant thinner in healthy post-menopausal women than healthy non pregnant.

scholarly journals An overview of the phytoestrogen effect on vaginal health and dyspareunia in peri- and post-menopausal women

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh R Dizavandi ◽  
Masoumeh Ghazanfarpour ◽  
Nasibeh Roozbeh ◽  
Leila Kargarfard ◽  
Talat Khadivzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Similar Efficacy ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Vaginal Atrophy ◽  
Pueraria Mirifica ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vaginal Health ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Intermediate Cells ◽  
Conjugated Estrogen

Objective The aim of this overview was to evaluate the effectiveness of phytoestrogens on vaginal health and dyspareunia in peri- and post-menopausal women. Material and methods Three databases including MEDLINE, Scopus and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were from inception to August 2017. Result Two systematic reviews and 11 RCTs were included in the overview. According to the findings, isoflavones increased the maturation value and attenuated the vaginal atrophy in the post-menopausal women. Topical isoflavones had beneficial effects on the vaginal atrophy. Similar efficacy was found in Pueraria mirifica and conjugated estrogen cream on dryness ( p = 0.277), soreness ( p = 0.124) and irritation ( p = 0.469), as well as discharge ( p = 0.225) and dyspareunia ( p = 0.089). However, the conjugated estrogen cream was more effective compared to Pueraria mirifica ( p > 0.005) regarding maturation index improvement. Comparison of fennel 5% vaginal cream and placebo gel showed significant difference in superficial cells ( p < 0.01), parabasal cells ( p < 0.01) and intermediate cells ( p < 0.01), whereas no difference was found between the oral fennel and placebo in terms of superficial, parabasal and intermediate cells as well as Maturation value. Administration of 80 mg red clover oil had a significant effect on superficial ( p < 0.005), intermediate ( p < 0.005) and parabasal and vaginal dryness ( p < 0.005) compared to the placebo. Flaxseed had also a trivial effect on maturation value. Genistein had a more prominent effect on the genital score. The severity of dyspareunia decreased by 27%. Conclusion Phytoestrogens have various effects based on administration route and type on the vaginal atrophy.

SERUM THYROTROPHIN, PROLACTIN AND GROWTH HORMONE, RESPONSE TO TRH DURING OESTROGEN TREATMENT

1977 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Rutlin ◽  
E. Haug ◽  
P. A. Torjesen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Oestrogen Treatment ◽  
Thyrotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Basal Serum ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Menstruating Women ◽  
Post Menopausal

ABSTRACT The serum levels of thyrotrophin (TSH), prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) and the response of these hormones to 500 μg thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) iv were studied in menstruating women. in post-menopausal women before and after 2 mg oestradiol valerate for 5 consecutive days, and in men on long term oestrogen treatment. Oestrogen treatment had no effect on basal serum TSH levels, which were within the normal range in all groups. The TSH response to TRH was not different in menstruating and post-menopausal women and was not changed in the latter group after oestrogen treatment. In men treated chronically with oestrogens, the TSH response to TRH was similar to that found in normal male subjects. There was no difference in basal levels of serum PRL between males and menstruating females. In the post-menopausal women, however, basal levels of serum PRL was significantly decreased, but rose during oestrogen treatment to serum levels normally found in menstruating women. In the oestrogen treated males basal serum PRL levels were significantly higher than in untreated men. The PRL response to TRH was significantly greater in females than in males, but in the oestrogen treated males the PRL response to TRH was greatly increased and almost of the same magnitude as the response in females. There was no difference in PRL response between menstruating and post-menopausal women, and oestrogen treatment of the latter group had no significant effect on the PRL response. Basal levels of serum GH did not differ between the groups. In the group of 9 post-menopausal women one subject showed a small GH response to TRH prior to oestrogen treatment, while 7 subjects showed GH responses to TRH after oestrogen treatment. In the group of 5 chronically oestrogen treated men, 2 subjects had increased serum levels of GH after TRH. Thus our data show that oestrogen administration may induce PRL release in human subjects, while oestrogens seem to play a far less important role in the regulation of GH and TSH secretion.

scholarly journals Assessment of effectiveness of spinal exercises and body mechanics on low back pain among post menopausal women

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel Rajakumari G ◽  
Soli T. K. ◽  
Malathy D
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Equivalent Control ◽  
Post Menopausal

Aim: To assessment of effectiveness of spinal exercises and body mechanics on low back pain among post menopausal women.Participants and setting: A quasi experimental non equivalent control group pretest post test design was adapted. The study was conducted in the urban area of suryapet. 40 post menopausal women who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected by nonprobability purposive sampling technique.Intervention: The intervention such as spinal exercises and body mechanics were performed to overcome the level of low back pain among post menopausal women. The pre and post assessment was done by using a combined numerical and categorical pain scale.Measurement and findings: The women completed the demographic and obstetrical information and pain was measured by 0- 10 Modified combined numerical categorical pain intensity scale. This study revealed that there was high significant difference found in low back pain at p<0.001level between study group.Conclusion: The overall findings in the present study revealed that the spinal exercises and body mechanics was effectives and had brought about significant change in the reduction of low back pain among post menopausal women compared to pre test level of low back pain.

Effects of Hormone Replacement Therapy on Muscle Performance and Balance in Post-Menopausal Women

1996 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 685-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison L. Armstrong ◽  
Janet Oborne ◽  
Carol A. C. Coupland ◽  
Marion B. MacPherson ◽  
E. Joan Bassey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Leg Extensor Power

1. A randomized controlled trial of the effect of oral hormone replacement therapy plus calcium compared with calcium alone on balance, muscle performance and falls was conducted over 48 weeks in 116 post-menopausal women (aged 45–70 years), all of whom had suffered a distal radial fracture during the previous 3 months. Treatment was with Prempak C or Premarin 0.625 mg in the test group with 1 g calcium daily (Sandocal) in both groups. Measurements were made of balance, assessed as sway, leg extensor power and self-paced walking speed, at 12-week intervals over 24 weeks. Hand grip strength was measured every 12 weeks for 48 weeks, and falls in the preceding 12 weeks were recorded at each visit. 2. There was no relation between initial levels of oestradiol and any other variable assessed, except body mass. Levels of follicle-stimulating hormone in the test group were in the premenopausal range. There was no significant change attributable to hormone replacement therapy at any time point in any of the outcome variables. The only significant difference was an increase of 4.2% (95% confidence interval 0.7–7.6%) in leg extensor power in the control group (calcium alone) compared with the group treated with hormone replacement therapy. 3. Of the total group, 37% fell again during the year, with three patients suffering a further fracture. Frequent fallers swayed significantly more often than the others, but there was no evidence that their muscle strength was poorer or that the group treated with hormone replacement therapy fell less frequently. 4. Hormone replacement therapy did not increase muscle performance, improve balance or reduce falls over a year in middle-aged women.

scholarly journals Effect of Stretching and Strengthening Protocol on Forward Flexed Posture in Post-Menopausal Women

2021 ◽  
pp. 306-314
Author(s):  
Sharvari Sahasrabuddhe ◽  
Sandeep B. Shinde ◽  
Pradnya P. Ghadage
Keyword(s):  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Exercise Protocol ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Forward Head Posture ◽  
Postural Changes ◽  
Strengthening Exercise ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Craniovertebral Angle

Background: Forward flexed posture is one of the most common structural change which occurs during menopause due to osteoporosis. Stretching and strengthening of cervical and thoracic spine muscles helps to alter the postural changes and maintain COG. This study thus, aims to see the effectiveness of the structured exercise protocol in post-menopausal women. Aims and Objective: To study the effectiveness of supervised and non-supervised stretching and strengthening protocol in post-menopausal women with forward posture. Materials and Methods: A total 40post-menopausal women with forward head posture were selected on the basis of selection criteria. They were randomly allocated in two groups A) Supervised Group= 20, B) Unsupervised Group=20 each. Forward flexed posture was assessed using Occiput to Wall Test and Craniovertebral Angle. Treatment was explained to both the groups. The pre and post measurements of the participants were recorded. Results: Statistical analysis was performed using the unpaired t test. Occiput to wall test and craniovertebral angle were used as the outcome measures for determining the effect of stretching and strengthening on forward neck posture. Comparing the pre-intervention and post-intervention values of occiput to wall test, a significant difference was seen following administration of protocol (p<0.0001). For craniovertebral angle, a significant difference was seen between pre-intervention and post-intervention values (p<0.0001). Also, it was seen that there was a significantly higher difference in the values of craniovertebral angle and occiput to wall test values in the supervised groups as compared to the unsupervised group. Conclusion: The current study demonstrated the effect of stretching and strengthening exercise in improving postural kyphosis in post-menopausal women. In addition, all variables of interest showed statistically significant post-treatment improvements in supervised group than unsupervised group.

Recurrent urinary tract infection in women

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 697-702
Author(s):  
Keren E Wales ◽  
Lauren Mecia ◽  
Thomas Gray
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Secondary Care ◽  
Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Recurrent Uti ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal

Recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common, and burdensome, condition that accounts for up to 3% of GP appointments per year. It affects over half of women in their lifetime, disproportionately affecting post-menopausal women. Most presentations of recurrent UTI will be to GPs, so for them to recognise and manage recurrent UTI, and when to refer to secondary care is important. This article outlines the microbial and non-microbial prophylaxis and management options available to GPs for recurrent UTI in non-pregnant women. The article will highlight when to refer patients to secondary care for further management.

Qualitative and quantitative differences in the isoelectrofocusing profile of biologically active lutropin in the blood of normally menstruating and post-menopausal women

1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Strollo ◽  
J. Harlin ◽  
H. Hernandez-Montes ◽  
D. M. Robertson ◽  
A. A. Zaidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Species ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Menstruating Women ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Alkaline Material

Abstract. A single bolus of 100 μg of gonadoliberin (LRH) was administered intravenously to 8 post-menopausal and 9 normally menstruating women and blood was withdrawn before and 30, 60, 120 and 240 min after LRH stimulation. The plasma samples obtained at different time intervals from women showing a sufficiently high response to LRH (menopausal: 8, menstruating: 3) were combined and 2 ml samples of each pool were fractionated in triplicate by electrofocusing on sucrose density gradient. In addition, two plasma pools, obtained 30 min following LRH stimulation, one from 4 normally menstruating women (exhibiting a relatively low LH-response) and the other from 2 normally menstruating women aged 40, were analyzed in the same way in duplicate electrofocusing experiments. The hLH activity was determined in each electrofocusing fraction by an in vitro bioassay method following elution and purification by gel filtration. The LH activity was distributed as four major peaks at pI values of 7.10 ± 0.05, 7.58 ± 0.06, 8.10 ± 0.04 and 8.54 ± 0.05 and a broad area of activity comprising a number of peaks in the pH range of 8.69–9.50. The analysis of the data revealed marked differences in the relative distribution of the various molecular species present in the blood of menopausal women and of normally menstruating women. A molecular species exhibiting a pI value of 7.10 was invariably present (10 – 15% of the total) in all samples of post-menopausal plasma (PMP) but was consistently absent from all samples of midcycle plasma (MCP). The amount of relatively 'less alkaline' material (eluted from pH range 7.37–8.32) was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in the PMP samples compared to MCP samples. On the other hand, in the MCP samples the amount of relatively 'more alkaline' material eluted from the pH range 8.33–9.50 was significantly (P < 0.001) higher (about 60% of the total recovered activity) compared to the PMP samples (about 30% of the total). Following LRH stimulation significant temporal changes were observed in the relative contribution of various molecular species to the hLH profile. A gradual increase, up to 60 min, in the material eluted in the pH range 6.87–7.36 in the post-menopausal plasma samples was accompanied by a gradual decrease in the material eluted in the pH range 7.84–8.32. Two hours after LRH stimulation a significant drop was found in the material collected from pH range 8.33–8.68, with a concomitant rise in the material eluted in the pH range 8.69–9.50. This last mentioned shift was also observed in the plasma of normally menstruating women. It is concluded that major differences exist in the composition of biologically active hLH species present in the peripheral blood of post-menopausal and normally menstruating women. Moreover, significant temporal changes occur in the composition of circulating hLH species following stimulation by LRH both in post-menopausal and in normally menstruating women.

scholarly journals Comparison of risk profile in pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women with acute coronary syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1612
Author(s):  
Sandeep Chhabra ◽  
Harmeet Pal S. Dhooria ◽  
Avantika Garg ◽  
Gurdeep S. Dhooria
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Risk Factor Profile ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Menopausal

Background: The physiological changes associated with menopause are responsible for increase in cardiovascular disease after menopause. BMI, physical inactivity, metabolic syndrome, hypertension and diabetes mellitus increase in post-menopausal women which are all powerful predictors of cardiovascular events. The risk factor profile between pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women presenting with acute coronary syndrome was thus studied.Methods: This study was a prospective cross-sectional hospital based study and was conducted in the Department of Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana wherein 50 pre-menopausal women and 50 post- menopausal women who presented with acute coronary syndrome were enrolled. The risk factor profile and angiography findings amongst the 2 groups were compared.Results: There was no difference in the incidence of Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension among the pre & post-menopausal groups. The prevalence of family history of cardiovascular disease was higher in the pre-menopausal group. The post-menopausal women showed a significant decrease in physical activity due to sedentary lifestyle. Both the groups had high BMI and increased waist circumference. Lipid parameters did not show any significant difference between the two groups. However, pre-menopausal women had higher LDL-C and triglyceride levels and lower HDL-C levels. On analysis of the angiographic findings in diabetics and non-diabetics, of both the groups diabetes mellitus was much higher in subjects presenting with triple vessel disease suggesting extensive atherosclerosis.Conclusions: study showed physical inactivity as an important cardiovascular risk factor in post-menopausal women. Obesity is an important risk factor for coronary artery disease in both pre- and post-menopausal women.

Enhanced luminescence immunoassay: evaluation of a new, more sensitive thyrotropin assay.

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 2178-2183 ◽  
Author(s):  
R John ◽  
R Henley ◽  
D Chang ◽  
A M McGregor
Keyword(s):  
Detection Limit ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Primary Hypothyroidism ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Enhanced Luminescence ◽  
Thyroidal Status ◽  
Assay Precision ◽  
Post Menopausal

Abstract We measured thyrotropin (TSH) with an enhanced luminometric assay ("Amerlite"; Amersham International). The detection limit of the assay is 0.02 milli-int. unit/L. Within-assay precision was 6.7 and 7.8% at 3.77 and 12.1 milli-int units/L, respectively, and between-assay precision was almost identical, whether singleton or duplicate samples were assayed. TSH measured in 132 euthyroid subjects ranged from 0.06 to 4.13 milli-int. units/L (mean 1.52, SD 0.86). Similar concentrations were found in 20 healthy pregnant women and 19 of 20 healthy post-menopausal women (one of whom had undetectable TSH). In 17 patients with primary hypothyroidism, TSH concentrations ranged from 9.34 to greater than 200 milli-int. units/L; and in 53 of 59 patients with hyperthyroidism, TSH concentrations were undetectable, ranging in the remaining six from 0.03 to 0.06 milli-int. unit/L. Results for TSH in 28 patients stimulated with thyroliberin were consonant with the results of the thyroliberin test in 25 cases. Thus, for most patients, measurement of a basal TSH concentration evidently will predict their thyroidal status and also the response to thyroliberin, but a few will require additional tests of thyroid function.

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