scholarly journals Sensitive Blood-Based Detection of Asbestos-Associated Diseases Using Cysteine-Rich Angiogenic Inducer 61 as Circulating Protein Biomarker

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Bartkowiak ◽  
Swaantje Casjens ◽  
Antje Andreas ◽  
Lucija Ačkar ◽  
Simon A Joosse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Immunofluorescent Staining ◽  
Youden Index ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Clinical Sensitivity ◽  
Associated Diseases ◽  
Healthy Control

Abstract Background Detection of asbestos-associated diseases like asbestosis or mesothelioma is still challenging. We sought to improve the diagnosis of benign asbestos-associated disease (BAAD) by detection of the protein cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (Cyr61) in human plasma. Methods Plasma Cyr61 was quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Plasma samples from males diagnosed with BAAD, but without a malignant disease (n = 101), and malignant mesothelioma (n = 21; 15 males, 6 females), as well as nonasbestos-exposed healthy control participants (n = 150; 58 males, 92 females) were analyzed. Clinical sensitivity and specificity of Cyr61 were determined by receiver operating characteristic analysis. Results The median plasma Cyr61 concentration for healthy control participants was 0.27 ng/mL. Cytoplasmic Cyr61 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy control participants was evenly distributed, as detected by immunofluorescent staining. The increase in plasma Cyr61 concentrations in the BAAD study group was statistically significant compared to the healthy control participants (P < 0.0001). For the detection of BAAD vs male healthy control participants, clinical sensitivity was 88% and clinical specificity 95% with an area under the curve of 0.924 at maximal Youden Index. For a predefined clinical specificity of 100%, the clinical sensitivity was 76%. For male mesothelioma patients vs male healthy control participants, the clinical sensitivity at maximal Youden Index was 95% with a clinical specificity of 100% (area under the curve, 0.997) and for a predefined clinical specificity of 100%, the clinical sensitivity was 93%. Conclusions In our study, plasma Cyr61 protein concentrations showed to be a new biomarker for asbestos-associated diseases like BAAD and mesothelioma in men, which deserves further investigation in large-scale cohort studies.

scholarly journals Development of a Clinical Assay To Evaluate Toll-Like Receptor Function

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel P. Deering ◽  
Jordan S. Orange
Keyword(s):  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Genetic Defect ◽  
Recurrent Infection ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Molecular Patterns

ABSTRACT Toll-like receptors (TLRS) recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns to enable innate immune responses. A number of genetic defects influencing the function of these receptors have been identified and are associated with recurrent and/or severe infection. Our goal was to develop a reproducible assay of TLR function in order to evaluate patients with recurrent infection who would be suspected of having a genetic defect affecting TLR signaling. We chose to study peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCS) to avoid potential influences of soluble factors contained in whole blood, and we utilized ligands for TLRS 1/2, 2/6, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 9. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production in PBMC supernatants was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay after TLR ligand stimulation and was dependent on gene transcription and NF-κB activation. Some variables affecting the assay were assessed, including the effects of: blood anticoagulant, serum-containing media, incubation time, ligand storage, blood storage time, and cell cryopreservation. By using optimized assay conditions, effective concentrations of individual ligands and mean responses to those ligands were established for healthy control donors. Finally, three patients with a mutation in the IKBKG gene, encoding the NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO) protein, were evaluated as disease controls and were almost uniformly below the standard deviation of healthy donors for all ligands tested. Although a number of variables influence TLR ligand-induced TNF responses, this assay can be optimized for potential clinical use to screen patients with primary immunodeficiencies affecting TLR function.

scholarly journals Improved Sensitivity of Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Patients in Korea via a Cocktail Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Containing the Abundantly Expressed Antigens of the K Strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 1788-1795 ◽  
Author(s):  
A-Rum Shin ◽  
Sung Jae Shin ◽  
Kil-Soo Lee ◽  
Sun-Ho Eom ◽  
Seung-Sub Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Ionization Time ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Culture Filtrates ◽  
Single Antigen

ABSTRACT Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent in Korea. In this study, we compared the proteins present in culture filtrates from Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain K, which is the dominant clinical isolate in Korea, with those present in culture filtrates from M. tuberculosis H37Rv. Several differences in expression were detected between the two strains for those proteins with a molecular mass of <20 kDa. ESAT-6, HSP-X, and CFP-10 were found to be abundantly expressed in the strain K culture filtrates by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. The serodiagnostic potentials of recombinant antigens rESAT-6, rHSP-X, and rCFP-10 and two native antigens (Ag85 and PstS1) were evaluated by Western blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using sera collected from 46 TB patients with active disease and 46 healthy controls. As for our ELISA results, HSP-X was superior to the other antigens in terms of sensitivity when a single antigen was employed. The results of a receiver operator characteristic analysis revealed that a cocktail ELISA using all five antigens was significantly more sensitive (77.8%) than the use of a single antigen and offered equivalent specificity; moreover, it produced the largest area under the curve (0.91 versus 0.55 to 0.87). Therefore, a cocktail ELISA containing abundantly expressed antigens enhances the sensitivity of a single antigen and can be a useful diagnostic tool for the detection of active TB.

scholarly journals Regulation of JAK/STAT signal pathway by miR-21 in the pathogenesis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 502-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Wei Li ◽  
Hua-Song Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Signal Pathway ◽  
Janus Kinase ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract Background Overexpression of the components of the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signalling pathway is the key factor of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA). The study aims to investigate the association between miR-21 and the JAK/STAT signal pathway in JIA. Methods Total RNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in active JIA patients. The relative expressions of miR-21, STAT3 and suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 in PBMCs were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction and their expressions were measured by western blotting and dual-luciferase reported assay. Rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synovial cell (RASF) was stimulated to become to osteoclasts using macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and factors that can impact on their differentiation ability were identified through the transfection of LV3-miR-21. The expression of STAT3/p-STAT3 was measured by western blot, and the levels of interleukin (IL)-17A, p65, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-3, MMP-4 and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB after the LV3-miR-21 transfection were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Finally, the miR-21 targeted STAT3 gene was detected by the dual-luciferase reported assay. Results The expression of miR-21 was significantly lower in JIA patients than in healthy control (P < 0.05). The level of STAT3 was increased in PBMCs of JIA group compared with control group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the expression levels of miR-21 in sJIA and polyarticular JIA groups were negatively correlated with STAT3 (r = − 0.5854/r = − 0.6134, P < 0.05). The expression of STAT3 changed little in PBMCS after the stimulation of IL-6 and not in RASFs with transfection of LV3-miR-21. The expression of p-STAT3 decreased after the stimulation of IL-6 in RASFs transfected by LV3-miR-21 (P < 0.05). RASFs were induced into osteoclasts using M-CSF. The number of osteoclasts as determined by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining was significantly lower in group miR-21 mimics as compared with the negative control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions We showed that expression of miR-21 was significantly lower in JIA patients compared with healthy control. MiR-21 might affect the JAK/STAT signal pathway by suppressing the expression of STAT3 and phosphorylation of STAT3. MiR-21 could inhibit the production of osteoclasts induced from RASFs by M-CSF.

scholarly journals Expression and Significance of MMPs in Synovial Fluid, Serum and PBMC Culture Supernatant Stimulated by LPS in Osteoarthritis Patients With or Without Diabetes

2017 ◽  
Vol 127 (04) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simin Luo ◽  
Qiping Shi ◽  
Junyuan Chen ◽  
Huajun Wang ◽  
Wenrui Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Culture Supernatant ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Pbmc Culture ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
And Function

Abstract Objective Patients with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are prone to osteoarthritis (OA). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), an essential modulator in cartilage matrix homeostasis, increase in T2DM and OA. We aimed to ascertain the expression difference of MMPs and function in mononuclear cells after stimulating by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in OA patients with or without diabetes. Methods 30 knee OA patients without T2DM (OA group), 20 knee OA patients with T2DM (DM-OA group) and 5 healthy volunteers recruited as control were enrolled from January 2016 to January 2017. The expression levels of MMPs in both serum and synovial fluid were initially detected in three groups by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). After stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) with LPS, the release of MMPs were determined and evaluated. Results The expression of MMP-1, -7, -8, -9, -10 and -12 in synovial fluid in DM-OA group were significantly higher than in OA group and healthy control. The expression of MMP-1 and -7 in serum were highest in DM-OA group. LPS significantly promotes the production of MMP-1, -8, -9 and -10 in PBMC of each group after 4 h stimulation. It is worth to note that the LPS-stimulated MMP-8 and -9 elevations were more prominent in DM-OA group compared with their counterparts. Conclusion High levels of MMP-1, -7, -8, -9, -10, and -12 in the synovial fluid might be one of important reasons that diabetes patients are more frequently suffered from OA. Inflammation-induced malfunction of mononuclear cells would stimulate MMP-8 and -9 secretion to various extents.

scholarly journals Serum Periostin Levels at Birth as a Predictor for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Premature Infants.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayato Go ◽  
Junya Ono ◽  
Hitoshi Ohto ◽  
Kenneth E. Nollet ◽  
Kenichi Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Median Serum ◽  
Serum Periostin

Abstract Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common morbidity complicating preterm birth and affects long-term respiratory outcomes. Periostin plays an important role in the development of various disease such as allergic and pulmonary diseases. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the perinatal factors affecting serum periostin levels at birth and to establish whether serum periostin at birth, day of life (DOL) 28 and corrected 36 week’s gestational age could be potential biomarkers for BPD.Methods: A total of 139 preterm (n=98) and healthy (n=41) infants were included in this study. Among of them, 98 infants born < 32 weeks were divided into BPD (n=44) and non-BPD infants (n=54). Serum periostin levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The median serum periostin levels at birth in preterm infants born < 32 weeks were significantly higher than those in healthy infants. Furthermore, there were significant inverse correlations between gestational age, birth weight, and serum periostin levels at birth among all 139 preterm and healthy infants. Among preterm infants born < 32 weeks, with BPD and without BPD infants, the median serum periostin levels at birth were higher with BPD than without (345.0 ng/mL vs 278.0 ng/mL, P=0.002). Multivariate analysis revealed that serum periostin levels at birth was significantly associated with BPD (P=0.032). Receiver operating characteristic analysis for serum periostin levels at birth in infants with and without BPD revealed that the area under the curve were 0.725 (95% CI 0.627- 0.822, P=0.0001). Serum periostin levels at birth with moderate/severe BPD were significantly higher than those with non-BPD/mild BPD (338.5 ng/mL vs 283.5 ng/mL, P=0.0032).Conclusions: Serum periostin levels at birth were significantly correlated with BW and GA. Furthermore, serum periostin levels at birth could serve as a biomarker for predicting BPD.

scholarly journals Comparison of Three Antigenic Extracts of Eurotium amstelodami in Serological Diagnosis of Farmer's Lung Disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandrine Roussel ◽  
Gabriel Reboux ◽  
Bénédicte Rognon ◽  
Michel Monod ◽  
Frédéric Grenouillet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Disease ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Serological Diagnosis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Farmer’S Lung ◽  
Farmer's Lung ◽  
Fungal Particles

ABSTRACT In France and Finland, farmer's lung disease (FLD), a hypersensitivity pneumonitis common in agricultural areas, is mainly caused by Eurotium species. The presence of antibodies in patients' serum is an important criterion for diagnosis. Our study aimed to improve the serological diagnosis of FLD by using common fungal particles that pollute the farm environment as antigens. Fungal particles of the Eurotium species were observed in handled hay. A strain of Eurotium amstelodami was grown in vitro using selected culture media; and antigen extracts from sexual (ascospores), asexual (conidia), and vegetative (hyphae) forms were made. Antigens were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which was used to test for immunoglobulin G antibodies from the sera of 17 FLD patients, 40 healthy exposed farmers, and 20 nonexposed controls. The antigens were compared by receiver operating characteristic analysis, and a threshold was then established. The ascospores contained in asci enclosed within cleistothecia were present in 38% of the hay blades observed; conidial heads of aspergillus were less prevalent. The same protocol was followed to make the three antigen extracts. A comparison of the results for FLD patients and exposed controls showed the area under the curve to be 0.850 for the ascospore antigen, 0.731 for the conidia, and 0.690 for the hyphae. The cutoffs that we determined, with the standard deviation for measures being taken into account, showed 67% for sensitivity and 92% for specificity with the ascospore antigen. In conclusion, the serological diagnosis of FLD by ELISA was improved by the adjunction of ascospore antigen.

scholarly journals Quantitative Analysis of Levels of Serum Immunoglobulin G against Botulinum Neurotoxin Type D and Association with Protection in Natural Outbreaks of Cattle Botulism

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 862-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Steinman ◽  
M. Chaffer ◽  
D. Elad ◽  
N. Y. Shpigel
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Elisa System ◽  
Type D ◽  
Vaccination History ◽  
Study Population ◽  
High Doses

ABSTRACT The recent outbreaks of cattle botulism in vaccinated Israeli dairy cattle prompted us to determine vaccine efficacy and reasons for vaccine failure. Analysis of clinical signs, feeding practice, vaccination history, and epidemic curves enabled us to define a study population in two outbreaks, where high doses of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin type D (BoNT/D) were evenly consumed by the affected animal groups. Attack rates among unvaccinated 6- to 24-month-old heifers were 96% (55/57) and 85% (53/62). The attack rates in vaccinated parity 1, 2, and ≥3 cows were 40.4% (21/52), 14.3% (4/28), and 5.6% (3/54), respectively. Vaccine efficacies for these cow groups were 52.5%, 83.2%, and 93.4%, respectively. In younger, unvaccinated 2- to 6-month-old calves, presumably protected by maternal antibodies, the attack rate was 24% (17/71). These differences correlated with significant differences in levels of specific anti-BoNT/D antibody in serum by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The ELISA performance for predicting protection was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic analysis and was found to be highly significant, with an area under the curve of 0.941 (standard error, 0.034; 95% confidence interval, 0.875 to 1.008; P < 0.000). No animals with serum ELISA unit levels above 0.33 were affected in these exposed groups. At this cutoff level, the specificity of the ELISA was 100%, sensitivity was 67%, and accuracy was 92%. We concluded that botulinum toxoids can confer adequate protection against natural exposure to lethal doses of BoNT/D; however, the vaccination protocols should be optimized. Our in-house ELISA system will enable us to optimize vaccination protocols in the animal population.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the automated LIAISON® SARS-CoV-2 TrimericS IgG assay for the detection of circulating antibodies

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Bonelli ◽  
Frank A. Blocki ◽  
Tina Bunnell ◽  
Edward Chu ◽  
Arriel De La O ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Youden Index ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Highly Sensitive

Abstract Objectives COVID-19 has brought about tests from many manufacturers. While molecular and rapid antigen tests are targeted for early diagnosis, immunoassays have a larger role in epidemiological studies, understanding longitudinal immunity, and in vaccine development and response. Methods The performance of the LIAISON® SARS-CoV-2 TrimericS IgG assay was evaluated against the Beckman ACCESS SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay in New Mexico, and against the Siemens ADVIA Centaur COV2G assay in New York. Discordant samples were parsed using a microneutralization assay. Results A SARS-CoV-2 antibody positivity rate of 23.8% was observed in the samples tested in New York (September 2020), while in the same month the positivity rate was 1.5% in New Mexico. Positive and negative agreement were 67.6% (95% CI 49.5–82.6%) and 99.8% (95% CI 99.5–99.9%), respectively, with the Beckman test, and 98.0% (95% CI 95.7–99.3%) and 94.8% (95% CI 93.4–96.0%), respectively, with the Siemens test. Receiver operating characteristic analysis for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies discloses an AUC, area under the curve, of 0.996 (95% CI 0.992–0.999) for the LIAISON® SARS-CoV-2 TrimericS IgG assay. The criterion associated to the Youden Index was determined to be >12.9 kAU/L with a sensitivity of 99.44% and a specificity of 99.82%. Conclusions The LIAISON® SARS-CoV-2 TrimericS IgG assay is highly sensitive and specific. The balance of these parameters, without emphasis on high specificity alone, is particularly important when applied to high prevalence populations, where a highly sensitive assay will result in reporting a lower number of false negative subjects.

scholarly journals Elevated serum levels of malondialdehyde and cortisol are associated with major depressive disorder: A case-control study

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 205031211877395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Rabiul Islam ◽  
Md Reazul Islam ◽  
Imtiaz Ahmed ◽  
Abdullah Al Moktadir ◽  
Zabun Nahar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Major Depressive

Objectives: Major depressive disorder is diagnosed on the basis of patient’s self-reported experiences, behavior reported by relatives, and a mental status examination, and yet we do not have any reliable biomarker for this. Mood-regulating pathways are affected by oxidative injury to lipids and cortisol is released into the blood due to stimulation of corticotrophin receptors in the adrenal cortex. Here, we aimed to determine serum levels of malondialdehyde and cortisol in major depressive disorder patients and controls. Methods: We collected blood samples from 247 major depressive disorder patients and 248 controls. Serum levels of malondialdehyde and cortisol were measured by ultraviolet spectrophotometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit, respectively. Results: We found malondialdehyde levels were significantly higher in patients than controls, with mean ± standard deviation at 4.49 ± 1.37 and 2.87 ± 0.82 µmol/L, respectively, p < 0.001. Cortisol levels were also found significantly higher in patients than controls, with mean ± SD at 19.22 ± 1.64 and 17.37 ± 1.34 µg/dL, respectively, p < 0.001. Significant negative correlation was observed between serum levels of malondialdehyde and cortisol in patients ( r =−0.170, p = 0.021). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed good diagnostic value for malondialdehyde and cortisol, with the area under the curve at 0.853 and 0.819, respectively. Conclusion: The present study suggests that increased serum levels of malondialdehyde and cortisol are strongly associated with major depressive disorder. We believe elevations of malondialdehyde and cortisol in serum level arise independently and they could serve as biomarkers for major depressive disorder.

scholarly journals High Interleukin-6 Plasma Concentration upon Admission Is Predictive of Massive Transfusion in Severely Injured Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2268
Author(s):  
Nadja Weichselbaum ◽  
Daniel Oberladstätter ◽  
Christoph J. Schlimp ◽  
Johannes Zipperle ◽  
Wolfgang Voelckel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Massive Transfusion ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Youden Index ◽  
Severe Bleeding ◽  
Fibrinogen Concentration ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Severely Injured

Severe bleeding remains a prominent cause of early in-hospital mortality in major trauma patients. Thus, prompt prediction of patients at risk of massive transfusion (MT) is crucial. We investigated the ability of the inflammatory marker interleukin (IL)-6 to forecast MT in severely injured trauma patients. IL-6 plasma levels were measured upon admission. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROCs) were calculated, and sensitivity and specificity were determined. In this retrospective study, a total of 468 predominantly male (77.8%) patients, with a median injury severity score (ISS) of 25 (17–34), were included. The Youden index for the prediction of MT within 6 and 24 h was 351 pg/mL. Patients were dichotomized into two groups: (i) low-IL-6 < 350 pg/mL and (ii) high-IL-6 ≥ 350 pg/mL. IL-6 ≥ 350 pg/mL was associated with a lower prothrombin time index, a higher activated partial thromboplastin time, and a lower fibrinogen concentration compared with IL-6 < 350 pg/mL (p <0.0001 for all). Thromboelastometric parameters were significantly different between groups (p <0.03 in all). More patients in the high-IL-6 group received MT (p <0.0001). The ROCs revealed an area under the curve of 0.76 vs. 0.82 for the high-IL-6 group for receiving MT in the first 6 and 24 h. IL-6 ≥ 350 pg/mL predicted MT within 6 and 24 h with a sensitivity of 45% and 58%, respectively, and a specificity of 89%. IL-6 ≥ 350 pg/mL appears to be a reasonable early predictor for coagulopathy and MT within the first 6 and 24 h intervals. Large-scale prospective studies are warranted to confirm these findings.

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