DOZ047.108: Utilizing dynamic CT imaging to map tissue regeneration in a porcine model of esophageal loss

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Jensen ◽  
I Sharma ◽  
W Fodor ◽  
S Sundaram ◽  
T Roffidal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Regenerative Process ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Tubular Scaffold ◽  
Fully Connected ◽  
Very High ◽  
Correct Structure

Abstract Esophageal atresia (EA) is a congenital defect in which the esophagus is not fully connected. Current treatments to bring together long gaps between the esophagus have very high complication rates and the replacement tissue does not possess the correct structure or physiologic properties. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have been suggested as a new patient-specific treatment for EA utilizing the patient's own cells and a tubular scaffold. Our group recently published on the successful regeneration of an esophagus using a retrievable scaffold seeded with amniotic derived MSCsFurther evaluation with dynamic computed tomography has suggested that the regenerative process entails ingrowth of native esophageal cells from both proximal and distal ends including robust vascular ingrowth. This confirms our gene expression findings and lends support to our hypothesis that the regenerative process is driven by vascular ingrowth. The role of the cells seeded on esophageal scaffolds and how this affects the regenerative process is the focus of current investigation with animal studies that are ongoing.

scholarly journals Making Patient-Specific Treatment Decisions Using Prognostic Variables and Utilities of Clinical Outcomes

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2741
Author(s):  
Pavlos Msaouel ◽  
Juhee Lee ◽  
Peter F. Thall
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Prognostic Information ◽  
Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Patient Heterogeneity ◽  
Informed Patient

We argue that well-informed patient-specific decision-making may be carried out as three consecutive tasks: (1) estimating key parameters of a statistical model, (2) using prognostic information to convert these parameters into clinically interpretable values, and (3) specifying joint utility functions to quantify risk–benefit trade-offs between clinical outcomes. Using the management of metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma as our motivating example, we explain the role of prognostic covariates that characterize between-patient heterogeneity in clinical outcomes. We show that explicitly specifying the joint utility of clinical outcomes provides a coherent basis for patient-specific decision-making.

THE ROLE OF GRASSLAND IN MANAGEMENT

1968 ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
B.K. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Average Annual Rainfall ◽  
Very High ◽  
Wilting Point

THE PROPERTY to be discussed is a mixed sheep and cropping unit, situated ei ht a miles east of Ashburton and midway between the Ra aia and the Ashburton rivers. Average annual rainfall is 27 in., evenly spread, but there is very high summer evaporation and therefore frequent droughts. On average, the soil is below wilting point for 40 to 50 days each summer. Winters are cold with the soil temperature being below 48°F for about four months each year. The soil is a Lismore stony silt loam averaging 9 in. in depth over gravel.

Role of Vasavaleha in the management of Covid19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 259-261
Author(s):  
Aamir Khan ◽  
Rajni K. Gurmule
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Spreading Rate ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Antitussive Effect ◽  
Corona Viruses ◽  
Very High

Vasavaleha is one of the best medicine given for respiratory diseases. Corona viruses typically affect the respiratory system, causing symptoms such as coughing, fever and shortness of breath. It also affects host immune system of human body. Spreading rate of this disease is very high. Whole world is seeking for the treatment which can uproots this diseases. There in no vaccine available till date against this pandemic disease. Ayurveda mainly focuses on prevention of diseases alongwith its total cure. Rajyakshma Vyadhi is MadhyamMarga Roga as per Ayurveda. It shows many symptoms such as Kasa, Shwasa etc. By overall view of Covid 19, shows its resemblance with Rajyakshma Vyadhi described in Ayurveda. Vasavaleha is a Kalpa which is described in Rogadhikara of Rajyakshma. It shows Kasahara, Shwashara properties. It consists of Vasa, Pipalli, Madhu and Goghrita. These components shows actions like bronchodilation, antitussive effect and many more other actions. Pipalli shows important Rasayana effect. So in present review, we have tried to focus on role of Vasavaleha in the management of Covid 19. This can be used as preventive as well as adjuvant medication in treating Covid 19. There is need of further clinical research to rule of exact action of Vasavaleha against Covid 19.

Myocardial Noncompaction

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 2209-2212
Author(s):  
Alexandru Radu Mihailovici ◽  
Vlad Padureanu ◽  
Carmen Valeria Albu ◽  
Venera Cristina Dinescu ◽  
Mihai Cristian Pirlog ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ventricular Arrhythmias ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Noncompaction ◽  
Ventricular Noncompaction ◽  
Genetic Transmission ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure

Left ventricular noncompaction is a primary cardiomyopathy with genetic transmission in the vast majority of autosomal dominant cases. It is characterized by the presence of excessive myocardial trabecularities that generally affect the left ventricle. In diagnosing this condition, echocardiography is the gold standard, although this method involves an increased risk of overdiagnosis and underdiagnosis. There are also uncertain cases where echocardiography is inconclusive, a multimodal approach is needed, correlating echocardiographic results with those obtained by magnetic resonance imaging. The clinical picture may range from asymptomatic patients to patients with heart failure, supraventricular or ventricular arrhythmias, thromboembolic events and even sudden cardiac death. There is no specific treatment of left ventricular noncompaction, but the treatment is aimed at preventing and treating the complications of the disease. We will present the case of a young patient with left ventricular noncompactioncardiomyopathy and highlight the essential role of transthoracic echocardiography in diagnosing this rare heart disease.

The Plausible role of Indian Traditional Medicine in combating Corona Virus (SARS-CoV 2): a mini-review

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adithya J ◽  
Bhagyalakshmi Nair ◽  
Aishwarya S ◽  
Lekshmi R. Nath
Keyword(s):  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Asparagus Racemosus ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Contagious Nature ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
Novel Virus

: SARS-CoV 2 is a novel virus strain of Coronavirus, reported in China in late December 2019. Its highly contagious nature in humans has prompted WHO to designate the ongoing pandemic as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. At this moment, there is no specific treatment and the therapeutic strategies to deal with the infection are only supportive, and prevention aimed at reducing community transmission. A permanent solution for the pandemic, which has brought the world economy to the edge of collapse, is the need of the hour. This situation has brought intense research in traditional systems of medicine. Indian Traditional System, Ayurveda has a clear concept of the cause and treatment of pandemics. Through this review, information on the potential antiviral traditional medicines along with their immunomodulatory pathways is discussed. We have covered the seven most important Indian traditional plants with antiviral properties :Withaniasomnifera (L.) Dunal(family: Solanaceae),Tinosporacordifolia(Thunb.)Miers (family:Menispermaceae),Phyllanthusemblica L.(family:Euphorbiaceae),Asparagus racemosus L.(family:Liliaceae), Glycyrrhizaglabra L.(family:Fabaceae), Ocimum sanctum L.(family:Lamiaceae) and Azadirachta indica A.Juss(family:Meliaceae)in this review. An attempt is also made to bring into limelight the importance of dietary polyphenol, Quercetin which is a potential drug candidate in the making against the SARS-CoV2 virus.

Patient-specific treatment allocation for carotid artery disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Marc Bosiers ◽  
Koen Deloose ◽  
Jurgen Verbist ◽  
Patrick Peeters
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Carotid Artery Disease ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Treatment Allocation ◽  
Artery Disease

scholarly journals Hypoxia and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Pregnancy Complications

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-Qun Hu ◽  
Lubo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Causative Role ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Maternal Complications ◽  
Mitochondrial Ros ◽  
Subsequent Risk

Hypoxia is a common and severe stress to an organism’s homeostatic mechanisms, and hypoxia during gestation is associated with significantly increased incidence of maternal complications of preeclampsia, adversely impacting on the fetal development and subsequent risk for cardiovascular and metabolic disease. Human and animal studies have revealed a causative role of increased uterine vascular resistance and placental hypoxia in preeclampsia and fetal/intrauterine growth restriction (FGR/IUGR) associated with gestational hypoxia. Gestational hypoxia has a major effect on mitochondria of uteroplacental cells to overproduce reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress. Excess mitochondrial ROS in turn cause uteroplacental dysfunction by damaging cellular macromolecules, which underlies the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and FGR. In this article, we review the current understanding of hypoxia-induced mitochondrial ROS and their role in placental dysfunction and the pathogenesis of pregnancy complications. In addition, therapeutic approaches selectively targeting mitochondrial ROS in the placental cells are discussed.

scholarly journals F4/80+ Kupffer Cell-Derived Oncostatin M Sustains the Progression Phase of Liver Regeneration through Inhibition of TGF-β2 Pathway

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2231
Author(s):  
Qingjun Lu ◽  
Hao Shen ◽  
Han Yu ◽  
Jing Fu ◽  
Hui Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Regeneration ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Regenerative Process ◽  
Oncostatin M ◽  
Hepatocyte Proliferation ◽  
Initiation Phase ◽  
Distinct Role

The role of Kupffer cells (KCs) in liver regeneration is complicated and controversial. To investigate the distinct role of F4/80+ KCs at the different stages of the regeneration process, two-thirds partial hepatectomy (PHx) was performed in mice to induce physiological liver regeneration. In pre- or post-PHx, the clearance of KCs by intraperitoneal injection of the anti-F4/80 antibody (α-F4/80) was performed to study the distinct role of F4/80+ KCs during the regenerative process. In RNA sequencing of isolated F4/80+ KCs, the initiation phase was compared with the progression phase. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining of Ki67, HNF-4α, CD-31, and F4/80 and Western blot of the TGF-β2 pathway were performed. Depletion of F4/80+ KCs in pre-PHx delayed the peak of hepatocyte proliferation from 48 h to 120 h, whereas depletion in post-PHx unexpectedly led to persistent inhibition of hepatocyte proliferation, indicating the distinct role of F4/80+ KCs in the initiation and progression phases of liver regeneration. F4/80+ KC depletion in post-PHx could significantly increase TGF-β2 serum levels, while TGF-βRI partially rescued the impaired proliferation of hepatocytes. Additionally, F4/80+ KC depletion in post-PHx significantly lowered the expression of oncostatin M (OSM), a key downstream mediator of interleukin-6, which is required for hepatocyte proliferation during liver regeneration. In vivo, recombinant OSM (r-OSM) treatment alleviated the inhibitory effect of α-F4/80 on the regenerative progression. Collectively, F4/80+ KCs release OSM to inhibit TGF-β2 activation, sustaining hepatocyte proliferation by releasing a proliferative brake.

scholarly journals The effect of beta-blockers on hemodynamic parameters in patient-specific blood flow simulations of type-B aortic dissection: a virtual study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Amin Abazari ◽  
Deniz Rafieianzab ◽  
M. Soltani ◽  
Mona Alimohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Dissection ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
False Lumen ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Type B ◽  
Windkessel Model ◽  
Computed Tomography Images

AbstractAortic dissection (AD) is one of the fatal and complex conditions. Since there is a lack of a specific treatment guideline for type-B AD, a better understanding of patient-specific hemodynamics and therapy outcomes can potentially control the progression of the disease and aid in the clinical decision-making process. In this work, a patient-specific geometry of type-B AD is reconstructed from computed tomography images, and a numerical simulation using personalised computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with three-element Windkessel model boundary condition at each outlet is implemented. According to the physiological response of beta-blockers to the reduction of left ventricular contractions, three case studies with different heart rates are created. Several hemodynamic features, including time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS), highly oscillatory, low magnitude shear (HOLMES), and flow pattern are investigated and compared between each case. Results show that decreasing TAWSS, which is caused by the reduction of the velocity gradient, prevents vessel wall at entry tear from rupture. Additionally, with the increase in HOLMES value at distal false lumen, calcification and plaque formation in the moderate and regular-heart rate cases are successfully controlled. This work demonstrates how CFD methods with non-invasive hemodynamic metrics can be developed to predict the hemodynamic changes before medication or other invasive operations. These consequences can be a powerful framework for clinicians and surgical communities to improve their diagnostic and pre-procedural planning.

scholarly journals Cardiac regeneration: epicardial mediated repair

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1821) ◽  
pp. 20152147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Kennedy-Lydon ◽  
Nadia Rosenthal
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Cardiac Fibroblasts ◽  
Cardiac Regeneration ◽  
Repair Process ◽  
Regenerative Process ◽  
Cardiac Stem Cell ◽  
Cardiomyocyte Proliferation ◽  
Lower Vertebrates

The hearts of lower vertebrates such as fish and salamanders display scarless regeneration following injury, although this feature is lost in adult mammals. The remarkable capacity of the neonatal mammalian heart to regenerate suggests that the underlying machinery required for the regenerative process is evolutionarily retained. Recent studies highlight the epicardial covering of the heart as an important source of the signalling factors required for the repair process. The developing epicardium is also a major source of cardiac fibroblasts, smooth muscle, endothelial cells and stem cells. Here, we examine animal models that are capable of scarless regeneration, the role of the epicardium as a source of cells, signalling mechanisms implicated in the regenerative process and how these mechanisms influence cardiomyocyte proliferation. We also discuss recent advances in cardiac stem cell research and potential therapeutic targets arising from these studies.

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