scholarly journals Hatha Yoga Practices: Energy Expenditure, Respiratory Changes and Intensity of Exercise

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uday Sankar Ray ◽  
Anjana Pathak ◽  
Omveer Singh Tomer
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Lactate Threshold ◽  
Pulmonary Ventilation ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Practice Session ◽  
Metabolic Equivalents ◽  
Intensity Of Exercise

The aim of this study was to critically observe the energy expenditure, exercise intensity and respiratory changes during a full yoga practice session. Oxygen consumption (), carbon dioxide output (), pulmonary ventilation (E), respiratory rate (Fr) and tidal volume (VT), were measured in 16 physical posture (asanas), five yoga breathing maneuvers (BM) and two types of meditation. Twenty male (age 27.3 ± 3.5 years, height 166.6 ± 5.4 cm and body weight 58.8 ± 9.6 kg) yoga instructors were studied. Their maximal oxygen consumption () was recorded. The exercise intensity in asanas was expressed in percentage . In asanas, exercise intensity varied from 9.9 to 26.5% of . Highest energy cost was 3.02 kcal min-1. In BM highest E was 53.7 ± 15.5 l min-1. VT was 0.97 ± 0.59, 1.41 ± 1.27 and 1.28 ± l/breath with corresponding Fr of 14.0 ± 5.3, 10.0 ± 6.35, 10.0 ± 5.8 breaths/min. Average energy expenditure in asanas, BM and meditation were 2.29, 1.91 and 1.37 kcal min-1, respectively. Metabolic rate was generally in the range of 1-2 metabolic equivalents (MET) except in three asanas where it was >2 MET. was 0.27 ± 0.05 and 0.24 ± 0.04 l min-1in meditation and Shavasana, respectively. Although yogic practices are low intensity exercises within lactate threshold, physical performance improvement is possible owing to both better economy of breathing by BM and also by improvement in cardiovascular reserve. Other factors such as psycho-physiological and better relaxation may contribute to it.

Effect of exercise intensity on 24-h energy expenditure and nutrient oxidation

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 1045-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward L. Melanson ◽  
Teresa A. Sharp ◽  
Helen M. Seagle ◽  
Tracy J. Horton ◽  
William T. Donahoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Carbohydrate Oxidation ◽  
Con A ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Enzymatic Profile ◽  
Low Intensity Exercise

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of exercise at different intensities on 24-h energy expenditure (EE) and substrate oxidation. Sixteen adults (8 men and 8 women) were studied on three occasions [sedentary day (Con), a low-intensity exercise day (LI; 400 kcal at 40% of maximal oxygen consumption) and a high-intensity exercise day (HI; 400 kcal at 70% of maximal oxygen consumption)] by using whole room indirect calorimetry. Both 24-h EE and carbohydrate oxidation were significantly elevated on the exercise days (Con < LI = HI), but 24-h fat oxidation was not different across conditions. Muscle enzymatic profile was not consistently related to 24-h fat or carbohydrate oxidation. With further analysis, it was found that, compared with men, women sustained slightly higher rates of 24-h fat oxidation (mg · kg FFM−1· min−1) and had a muscle enzymatic profile favoring fat oxidation. It is concluded that exercise intensity has no effect on 24-h EE or nutrient oxidation. Additionally, it appears that women may sustain slightly greater 24-h fat oxidation rates during waking and active periods of the day.

scholarly journals Assessment of exercise intensity during amateur running competitions in the Sudety mountains

Turyzm ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-103
Author(s):  
Tomasz Sarzała ◽  
Ewa Szczepanowska
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Sudety Mountains ◽  
Intensity Of Exercise

The aim of the study is to determine the intensity of exercise during amateur running competitions taking place in the Sudeten Mountains, based on results of measurements of energy expenditure. The study covered those participating in 2015-17 and included details on themselves and their preparation. Their energy consumption was measured using a CALTRACTM device. Routes are described by distance (km) and altitude (m). Average energy output values for 19.2 km and 613.8 m were calculated from measurements taken which was characterized as ‘unduly heavy’. In women this value was 11.6 kcal/1 min/55 kg and in men - 12.7 kcal/1 min/65 kg.

Physiological and Metabolic Responses to Exercise on Treadmill, Elliptical Trainer, and Stepper: Practical Implications for Training

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Andrew N. Bosch ◽  
Kirsten C. Flanagan ◽  
Maaike M. Eken ◽  
Adrian Withers ◽  
Jana Burger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Fuel Utilization ◽  
Trained Runners ◽  
Practical Implications

Elliptical trainers and steppers are proposed as useful exercise modalities in the rehabilitation of injured runners due to the reduced stress on muscles and joints when compared to running. This study compared the physiological responses to submaximal running (treadmill) with exercise on the elliptical trainer and stepper devices at three submaximal but identical workloads. Authors had 18 trained runners (male/female: N = 9/9, age: mean ± SD = 23 ± 3 years) complete randomized maximal oxygen consumption tests on all three modalities. Submaximal tests of 3 min were performed at 60%, 70%, and 80% of peak workload individually established for each modality. Breath-by-breath oxygen consumption, heart rate, fuel utilization, and energy expenditure were determined. The value of maximal oxygen consumption was not different between treadmill, elliptical, and stepper (49.3 ± 5.3, 48.0 ± 6.6, and 46.7 ± 6.2 ml·min−1·kg−1, respectively). Both physiological measures (oxygen consumption and heart rate) as well as carbohydrate and fat oxidation differed significantly between the different exercise intensities (60%, 70%, and 80%) but did not differ between the treadmill, elliptical trainer, and stepper. Therefore, the elliptical trainer and stepper are suitable substitutes for running during periods when a reduced running load is required, such as during rehabilitation from running-induced injury.

scholarly journals Objective and subjective measures of exercise intensity during thermo-neutral and hot yoga

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne N. Boyd ◽  
Stephanie M. Lannan ◽  
Micah N. Zuhl ◽  
Ricardo Mora-Rodriguez ◽  
Rachael K. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Subjective Measures ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Constant Intensity

While hot yoga has gained enormous popularity in recent years, owing in part to increased environmental challenge associated with exercise in the heat, it is not clear whether hot yoga is more vigorous than thermo-neutral yoga. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine objective and subjective measures of exercise intensity during constant intensity yoga in a hot and thermo-neutral environment. Using a randomized, crossover design, 14 participants completed 2 identical ∼20-min yoga sessions in a hot (35.3 ± 0.8 °C; humidity: 20.5% ± 1.4%) and thermo-neutral (22.1 ± 0.2 °C; humidity: 27.8% ± 1.6%) environment. Oxygen consumption and heart rate (HR) were recorded as objective measures (percentage of maximal oxygen consumption and percentage of maximal HR (%HRmax)) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was recorded as a subjective measure of exercise intensity. There was no difference in exercise intensity based on percentage of maximal oxygen consumption during hot versus thermo-neutral yoga (30.9% ± 2.3% vs. 30.5% ± 1.8%, p = 0.68). However, exercise intensity was significantly higher during hot versus thermo-neutral yoga based on %HRmax (67.0% ± 2.3% vs. 60.8% ± 1.9%, p = 0.01) and RPE (12 ± 1 vs. 11 ± 1, p = 0.04). According to established exercise intensities, hot yoga was classified as light-intensity exercise based on percentage of maximal oxygen consumption but moderate-intensity exercise based on %HRmax and RPE while thermo-neutral yoga was classified as light-intensity exercise based on percentage of maximal oxygen uptake, %HRmax, and RPE. Despite the added hemodynamic stress and perception that yoga is more strenuous in a hot environment, we observed similar oxygen consumption during hot versus thermo-neutral yoga, classifying both exercise modalities as light-intensity exercise.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF EPOC AND RECOVERY ENERGY EXPENDITURE BETWEEN HIIT AND CONTINUOUS AEROBIC EXERCISE TRAINING

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateus Ahlert ◽  
Fernando Matzenbacher ◽  
José Carlos dos Santos Albarello ◽  
Gustavo Henrique Halmenschlager
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Intensity Interval

ABSTRACT Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare EPOC - excess post-exercise oxygen consumption and recovery energy expenditure between high intensity interval aerobic exercise (HIIT) and continuous aerobic exercise in adult amateur runners. Methods: The study included 10 runners, with a mean age of 35.7 ± 5.87 years, height 1.69 ± 0.11 m; body mass 74.13 ± 11.26 kg; fat percentage 19.31 ± 4.27% and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) of 3.50 ± 0.64 l/kg/min-1. The continuous aerobic exercise protocol consisted of 20 minutes of running with intensity of 70-75% HRmax. Two 20-second cycles of 8 sprints were performed for HIIT at the highest possible speed, with 10 seconds of rest and a 3-minute interval between cycles. The sample group performed the two protocols at least 48 hours and at most one week apart. EPOC was observed using ergospirometry after the running protocols, and mean consumption was analyzed between 25-30 minutes after exercise. Oxygen consumption at 9-10 minutes was used for resting consumption. The study has a cross-sectional experimental design. Results: Oxygen consumption of 0.57 ± 0.29l/kg/min1 and energy expenditure of 2.84 ± 1.44 kcal/min were observed for continuous aerobic exercise, with values of 0.61 ± 0.62 l/kg/min−1 and 3.06 ± 1.10 kcal/min respectively (p <0.05) for HIIT. Conclusion: The protocols performed did not show a statistically significant difference in terms of EPOC and energy expenditure, but the performance of HIIT increased lipid metabolism for exercise recovery, which may favor the weight loss process. Moreover, this activity model takes up less time. Level of evidence I, randomized clinical trial.

Plasma free and sulfoconjugated catecholamine responses to varying exercise intensity

1987 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 654-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Sothmann ◽  
A. B. Gustafson ◽  
M. Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Circulating Levels

Plasma free catecholamines rise during exercise, but sulfoconjugated catecholamines reportedly fall. This study examined the relationship between exercise intensity and circulating levels of sulfoconjugated norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine. Seven exercise-trained men biked at approximately 30, 60, and 90% of their individual maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) for 8 min. The 90% VO2max period resulted in significantly increased plasma free norepinephrine (rest, 219 +/- 85; exercise, 2,738 +/- 1,149 pg/ml; P less than or equal to 0.01) and epinephrine (rest, 49 +/- 49; exercise, 555 +/- 516 pg/ml; P less than or equal to 0.05). These changes were accompanied by consistent increases in sulfoconjugated norepinephrine at both the 60% (rest, 852 +/- 292; exercise, 1,431 +/- 639; P less than or equal to 0.05) and 90% (rest, 859 +/- 311; exercise, 2,223 +/- 1,015; P less than or equal to 0.05) VO2max periods. Plasma sulfoconjugated epinephrine and dopamine displayed erratic changes at the three exercise intensities. These findings suggest that sulfoconjugated norepinephrine rises during high-intensity exercise.

Urea kinetics in humans at two levels of exercise intensity

1993 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 1180-1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Carraro ◽  
T. D. Kimbrough ◽  
R. R. Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Constant Infusion ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Urea Production ◽  
Urea Kinetics

A primed constant infusion of [15N2]urea was used to quantify the response of urea production to exercise at 40 and 70% maximal oxygen consumption on a treadmill. Total urea production, urea production from recycled N, urea production from nonrecycled N, and urea N recycled back into body protein were calculated. Most components of urea kinetics were unaffected by exercise at either intensity. The rate of urea reincorporated into protein was significantly increased during exercise and recovery at both levels of exercise. We conclude that exercise does not stimulate urea production but that there may be an accelerated reincorporation of urea N back into body protein.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Heart Rate, Oxygen Consumption, and Energy Expenditure in Futsal

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrique Santos da Silva ◽  
Fabio Yuzo Nakamura ◽  
Marcelo Papoti ◽  
Alexsandro Santos da Silva ◽  
Julio Wilson Dos-Santos
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Concordance Correlation ◽  
Altman Plot ◽  
Metabolic Equivalents ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Continuous Test ◽  
Good Individual

The primary aim of this study was to compare the measured oxygen consumption (Measured-VO2) in a simulated futsal game (S-Game) with the estimated oxygen consumption (Estimated-VO2) through a regression equation between heart rate (HR) and oxygen consumption (VO2) (HR-VO2) in treadmill running, and a secondary aim was to calculate the total energy expenditure (EE) in S-Game. Ten professional players (22.20 ± 3.22 years) were evaluated. HR-VO2 was determined individually in the continuous test on the treadmill (ContTest). The Measured-VO2 in S-Game was compared with the Estimated-VO2 in the ContTest. Alactic and lactic pathways were estimated by VO2. The Estimated-VO2 presented no statistically significant difference with the Measured-VO2, using the paired t-test (p = 0.38). However, the correlation between Estimated- and Measured-VO2 was very weak (r = −0.05), and it presented poor agreement (concordance correlation coefficient = −0.04). In addition, a Bland–Altman plot presented bias of −2.8 ml/kg/min and individual difference as large as 19 ml/kg/min. The HR-VO2 determined by the ContTest was not a good individual predictor of VO2. The high intensity and intermittent nature of the futsal game possibly caused dissociation in the HR-VO2 relationship. ContTest is not recommended for estimating VO2 and calculating individual EE in the futsal game. This is recommended only for the group mean. The total EE in S-Game was 13.10 ± 1.25 kcal.min−1 (10.81 ± 1.57 metabolic equivalents). The contributions from the metabolic pathways were as follows: aerobic (93%), alactic (5%), and lactic (2%).

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