Adverse effects of exposure to ambient air pollution on coronary calcification

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Q Huynh ◽  
P Venkataraman ◽  
T.H Marwick ◽  
K Negishi
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Calcium Score ◽  
Coronary Calcification ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Coronary Ct ◽  
Physical Measurements ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Very High

Abstract Background The association of air pollution with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality has been attributed to acute events (atherothrombosis). It is unclear whether air pollution may influence the subclinical stage of coronary artery disease (CAD). This study investigated the relationship between particulate matter <2.5μm (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) with coronary calcium score (CCS). Methods This study included 606 asymptomatic adults (49% men, aged 56±7 years) recruited from the community in two States of Australia (Victoria and Tasmania). Annual PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations were matched with residential address. CCS was measured using coronary CT scan. Medical history, physical measurements, biochemistry, and socioeconomic status were recorded for assessment of confounders. Results Average exposure to PM2.5 and NO2 were 6.7±1.5 (ppm) and 3.6±2.1 (μg/m3), respectively. Of the 606 participants, 17% had high CCS (≥100) and 4% had very high CCS (≥400). Exposure to higher annual PM2.5 was associated with greater odds of high CCS (OR=1.20 [95% CI: 1.02, 1.42]) and very high CCS (OR=1.47 [95% CI: 1.03, 2.11]). Similar adverse associations were also present for NO2 and high CCS (OR=1.13 [95% CI: 1.02, 1.25]) and very high CCS (OR=1.25 [95% CI: 1.06, 1.47]). These findings were independent of age, sex, body size, smoking, comorbidities and socio-economic status. Conclusions Ambient air pollution was associated with degree of coronary calcification, independent of standard risk factors. The link between air pollution and CAD is not limited to acute events but appears to include atherogenesis. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution is associated with coronary artery calcification among asymptomatic adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan Huynh ◽  
Thomas H Marwick ◽  
Prasanna Venkataraman ◽  
Luke D Knibbs ◽  
Fay H Johnston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Artery Calcification ◽  
Calcium Score ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Physical Measurements ◽  
Very High

Abstract Aims We investigated the effects of exposure to very low levels of particulate matter <2.5 µm (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on coronary calcium score (CCS) in asymptomatic adults who are free of coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods and results This study included 606 asymptomatic adults (49% men, aged 56±7 years) recruited from communities in three states of Australia during 2017–2018. CCS was measured using coronary computed tomography scan at recruitment. Annual PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations were estimated on the year before recruitment using statistical exposure models and assigned to each participant’s residential address. Medical history, physical measurements, biochemistry, and sociodemographic and socioeconomic status were also recorded. Median concentrations of PM2.5 and NO2 were 6.9 µg/m3 [interquartile range (IQR) 6.0–7.7)] and 3.1 ppb [IQR 2.2–4.5], respectively. Of the 606 participants, 16% had high CCS (≥100) and 4% had very high CCS (≥400). Exposure to higher PM2.5 (per µg/m3) was significantly associated with greater odds of having high CCS (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.02–1.43) and very high CCS (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.05–2.29). Similar associations were observed for NO2 and high CCS (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.02–1.27) and very high CCS (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.07–1.51). These findings were robust to adjustment for sociodemographic factors, traditional cardiovascular risk factors, renal function, education, and socio-economic status. Conclusions Ambient air pollution even at low concentration was associated with degree of coronary artery calcification among asymptomatic low cardiovascular risk adults, independent of other risk factors. These findings suggest that air pollution is one of the residual risk factors of CAD.

Particulate matter air pollution exposure promotes recruitment of monocytes into atherosclerotic plaques

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (2) ◽  
pp. H944-H953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Yatera ◽  
Joanne Hsieh ◽  
James C. Hogg ◽  
Erin Tranfield ◽  
Hisashi Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Intratracheal Instillation ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Vessel Walls ◽  
Progression Of Atherosclerosis

Epidemiologic studies have shown an association between exposure to ambient particulate air pollution <10 μm in diameter (PM10) and increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We previously showed that PM10 exposure causes progression of atherosclerosis in coronary arteries. We postulate that the recruitment of monocytes from the circulation into atherosclerotic lesions is a key step in this PM10-induced acceleration of atherosclerosis. The study objective was to quantify the recruitment of circulating monocytes into vessel walls and the progression of atherosclerotic plaques induced by exposure to PM10. Female Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits, which naturally develop systemic atherosclerosis, were exposed to PM10 (EHC-93) or vehicle by intratracheal instillation twice a week for 4 wk. Monocytes, labeled with 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) in donors, were transfused to recipient rabbits as whole blood, and the recruitment of BrdU-labeled cells into vessel walls and plaques in recipients was measured by quantitative histological methodology. Exposure to PM10 caused progression of atherosclerotic lesions in thoracic and abdominal aorta. It also decreased circulating monocyte counts, decreased circulating monocytes expressing high levels of CD31 (platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1) and CD49d (very late antigen-4 α-chain), and increased expression of CD54 (ICAM-1) and CD106 (VCAM-1) in plaques. Exposure to PM10 increased the number of BrdU-labeled monocytes adherent to endothelium over plaques and increased the migration of BrdU-labeled monocytes into plaques and smooth muscle underneath plaques. We conclude that exposure to ambient air pollution particles promotes the recruitment of circulating monocytes into atherosclerotic plaques and speculate that this is a critically important step in the PM10-induced progression of atherosclerosis.

Cardiovascular Effects of Air Pollution: Current Evidence from Animal and Human Studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes Maria Lederer ◽  
Per Morten Fredriksen ◽  
Benedicta Ngwenchi Nkeh-Chungag ◽  
Frans Everson ◽  
Hans Strijdom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality

Background: Air pollution is a global health concern. PM2.5, a component of ambient air pollution, has been identified by the World Health Organization as one of the pollutants that poses the greatest threat to public health.Cardiovascular health effects have been extensively documented and these effects are still researched. Aims: To provide an overview of recent literature regarding air pollution-associated cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in humans. Additionally, potential mechanisms through which air pollutants affect the cardiovascular system are discussed based on human, and additional animal studies. Methodology: We used the strategy of a narrative review to summarize the scientific literature of studies that were published in the last 7 years. Searches were carried out on PubMed and Web of Science using predefined search queries. Results and discussion: We obtained an initial set of 800 publications that were filtered to 78 publications that were relevant to include in this review. Analysis of the literature showed significant associations between air pollution, especially PM2.5, and the risk of elevated blood pressure (BP), acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac arrhythmia and heart failure (HF), respectively. Prominent mechanisms that underlie the adverse effects of air pollution include oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, autonomic imbalance and thrombogenicity. Conclusions: The current review underscores the relevance of air pollution as a global health concern that affects cardiovascular health. More rigorous standardsare needed to reduce the cardiovascular disease burden imposed by air pollution. Continued research on the health impact of air pollution is needed to provide further insight.

scholarly journals Historic and Modern Air Pollution Studies Conducted in Utah

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1094
Author(s):  
Judy Ou ◽  
Cheryl S. Pirozzi ◽  
Benjamin D. Horne ◽  
Heidi A. Hanson ◽  
Anne C. Kirchhoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk

Utah’s low-smoking population and high population density concentrated in mountain valleys, with intermittent industrial activity and frequent temperature inversions, have yielded unique opportunities to study air pollution. These studies have contributed to the understanding of the human health impacts of air pollution. The populated mountain valleys of Utah experience considerable variability in concentrations of ambient air pollution because of local emission sources that change over time and episodic atmospheric conditions that result in elevated concentrations of air pollution. Evidence from Utah studies indicates that air pollution, especially combustion-related fine particulate matter air pollution and ozone, contributes to various adverse health outcomes, including respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and increased risk of lung cancer. The evidence suggests that air pollution may also contribute to risk of pre-term birth, pregnancy loss, school absences, and other adverse health outcomes.

STATISTICAL METHODS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF AIR POLLUTION OF JHANSI CITY, UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. CHAUHAN ◽  
BHANUMATI SINGH ◽  
SHREE GANESH ◽  
JAMSHED ZAIDI
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Status

Studies on air pollution in large cities of India showed that ambient air pollution concentrations are at such levels where serious health effects are possible. This paper presents overview on the status of air quality index (AQI) of Jhansi city by using multivariate statistical techniques. This base line data can help governmental and non-governmental organizations for the management of air pollution.

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