scholarly journals Socio-Economic Standing and Social Status in Contemporary Japan: Scale Constructions and Their Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 548-561
Author(s):  
Sho Fujihara
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Occupational Prestige ◽  
Asian Society ◽  
Culturally Different ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Class And Status ◽  
Status Index

Abstract Current debates on the conceptualization and measurement of social stratification are finding increasing value in Weber’s distinction between class and status for empirical analysis. However, aspects of Weber’s theory have yet to be sufficiently investigated. Indeed, it remains unclear whether Weber’s theory can be applied to temporally and culturally different circumstances, or whether social status is preferred to other occupational scales such as prestige or socio-economic standing. To address this gap, this study constructed a Japanese Socio-Economic Index (JSEI) and a Japanese Social Status Index (JSSI), using data from the Employment Status Survey conducted in 2007 and 2012. We applied these two indexes to analyses of social stratification in Japan, finding that the JSEI and JSSI worked better in the intergenerational inheritance of occupational status than the Japanese occupational prestige scale. We also found that the JSSI was useful for predicting the cultural activities of individuals—as Weber predicted. The JSEI and JSSI showed results similar to those found in European societies and so demonstrated their validity and usefulness for investigating social stratification in Japan, thereby extending European findings on social stratification into an Asian society.

Happiness and social stratification: A layered perspective on occupational status

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 1879-1888
Author(s):  
Yanhui Xiang ◽  
Hao Wu ◽  
Xiaomei Chao ◽  
Lei Mo
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Occupational Prestige ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Occupational Characteristics ◽  
Chinese Labor ◽  
Using Data

We investigated whether or not occupational status influences happiness and how overt and covert occupational characteristics lead to a hierarchy of happiness. Using data obtained from a subsample (N = 9,940) of a 2012 Chinese labor force survey, we found that higher occupational status corresponded to greater happiness. Results of regression analysis confirmed the objectivity of the happiness hierarchy. Overt occupational characteristics of power and occupational prestige were significant as objective social factors promoting happiness. Covert characteristics of justice, self-confidence, and mental health influenced happiness in a different occupational hierarchy. Our results further confirm that happiness can be stratified on the basis of occupational status, and our findings add to understanding of the mechanism behind how occupational status affects happiness.

Social Class, Occupational Conditions, and Efficacy-Based Self-Esteem

1984 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford L. Staples ◽  
Michael L. Schwalbe ◽  
Viktor Gecas
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Multiple Processes ◽  
Class And Status ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Developments

This study examines the relationship between social stratification and self-esteem by focusing on aspects of stratification and self-esteem formation processes ignored in previous research. An analysis of theoretical developments and empirical research reveals that the exclusive focus on occupational status and self-esteem derived from interpersonal comparison processes ignores an entire dimension of the relationship between social stratification and self-esteem—that between social class (in the Marxian sense) and self-esteem derived from the experience of self-efficacy. We provide evidence here that supports a hypothesized relationship between social class and occupational conditions that constrain or enable the experience of self-efficacy and self-esteem. Our findings suggest that carefully distinguishing between class and status, and recognizing the multiple processes of self-esteem formation, can improve our explanation of variation in self-esteem with reference to social stratification.

Choosing to stop consuming meat for environmental reasons: exploring the influence of gender and social status variables in Chile

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Giacoman ◽  
Pamela Ayala Arancibia ◽  
Juan Alfaro
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Social ◽  
Using Data

PurposeGlobal meat consumption has increased rapidly, which is of concern, given its contribution to environmental destruction. Within this framework, this article aims to analyse the social determinants in relation to stopping red meat consumption for environmental reasons in Chile, with a focus on gender and social status.Design/methodology/approachUsing data from a representative national survey, we estimated six logistic regression models to analyse the social determinants that reduce red meat consumption in Chile.FindingsThe results show that social stratification variables (gender, social class, household income and education) are closely linked with choosing to stop eating red meat for environmental reasons. A possible interpretation of these results is the ambiguous status of red meat in contemporary Chilean society and its symbolic link with masculinity.Research limitations/implicationsThe analysis may be complemented by future research that distinguishes the environmental aspects, which encourage individuals to stop eating red meat. In addition, asking about meat consumption in an environmental survey, may generate social desirability.Originality/valueThe results contribute to understanding which social factors help stop meat consumption within a strong carnism culture. This is relevant since South America is well known for high meat consumption, and few studies have explored the issue of consumption in these countries.

Does Mestizaje Matter in the US? Economic Stratification of Mexican Immigrants

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 593-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Dávila ◽  
Marie T Mora ◽  
Sue K Stockly
Keyword(s):  
Social Stratification ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Mexican Immigrants ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Economic Stratification ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Us ◽  
Employment Probabilities ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Migration Experiences

Using data from the 2003 New Immigrant Survey, this paper examines whether stratification as reflected by skin shade exists among newly legalized Mexican immigrants in the US. While we do not find evidence that skin color directly related to employment probabilities, complexion appeared to play a role in the likelihood of owning a home, having a bank account, and occupational status. As these outcomes partly reflect immigrants' pre-migration experiences, our findings suggest that the social stratification structure in Mexico might be sustained in the US among Mexican-origin populations.

Doing Bodhisattva’s Work

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-32
Author(s):  
Le Hoang Anh Thu
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
The State ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Class Identity ◽  
The Social

This paper explores the charitable work of Buddhist women who work as petty traders in Hồ Chí Minh City. By focusing on the social interaction between givers and recipients, it examines the traders’ class identity, their perception of social stratification, and their relationship with the state. Charitable work reveals the petty traders’ negotiations with the state and with other social groups to define their moral and social status in Vietnam’s society. These negotiations contribute to their self-identification as a moral social class and to their perception of trade as ethical labor.

scholarly journals The Structural Dilemma of Citizen Participation: The Interactive Influence of Social Status and Subjective Social Mobility

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 183449092110031
Author(s):  
Xuyun Tan ◽  
Xuejiao Dou ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Cai Xing ◽  
Baoyu Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Analysis Framework ◽  
Stratification Structure ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
High Social Status

In the context of rapid social change, the perception of social stratification has far-reaching and complex influences on human psychology and behavior, including citizen participation. The current research explored the interactive influence of social status and subjective social mobility on citizen participation. Two studies used experimental methods to manipulate subjective social mobility and social status, respectively, to examine the interactive effect. Taken together, the results of both studies revealed that the interaction between social status and subjective social mobility had a significant influence on citizen participation: whereas citizen participation with high social status was not affected by subjective social mobility, citizen participation with low social status decreased with increases in subjective social mobility. This research established a combined dynamic and static analysis framework of social stratification structure, elucidating the current status of citizen participation under the influence of the interaction between social status and subjective social mobility, and providing a countermeasure reference for effectively promoting citizen participation.

scholarly journals Gains in employment status following antidepressant medication or cognitive therapy for depression

2015 ◽  
Vol 206 (4) ◽  
pp. 332-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay C. Fournier ◽  
Robert J. DeRubeis ◽  
Jay Amsterdam ◽  
Richard C. Shelton ◽  
Steven D. Hollon
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Antidepressant Medication ◽  
Relative Advantage ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Treatment Interaction ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Using Data ◽  
A Site ◽  
Full Time Employment

BackgroundDepression can adversely affect employment status.AimsTo examine whether there is a relative advantage of cognitive therapy or antidepressant medication in improving employment status following treatment, using data from a previously reported trial.MethodRandom assignment to cognitive therapy (n = 48) or the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor paroxetine (n = 93) for 4 months; treatment responders were followed for up to 24 months. Differential effects of treatment on employment status were examined.ResultsAt the end of 28 months, cognitive therapy led to higher rates of full-time employment (88.9%) than did antidepressant medication among treatment responders (70.8%), χ21 = 5.78, P = 0.02, odds ratio (OR) = 5.66, 95% CI 1.16–27.69. In the shorter-term, the main effect of treatment on employment status was not significant following acute treatment (χ21 = 1.74, P = 0.19, OR = 1.77, 95% CI 0.75–4.17); however, we observed a site×treatment interaction (χ21 = 6.87, P = 0.009) whereby cognitive therapy led to a higher rate of full-time employment at one site but not at the other.ConclusionsCognitive therapy may produce greater improvements in employment v. medication, particularly over the longer term.

scholarly journals Isotopic investigation of skeletal remains at the Imdang tombs reveals high consumption of game birds and social stratification in ancient Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyungcheol Choy ◽  
Hee Young Yun ◽  
Seung Hee Kim ◽  
Sangsoo Jung ◽  
Benjamin T. Fuller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Korean Peninsula ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Dietary Adaptation ◽  
Early States ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Animal Remains ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Game Birds

AbstractUnderstanding the development of early states on the Korean Peninsula is an important topic in Korean archaeology. However, it is not clear how social structure was organized by these early states and what natural resources were utilized from their surrounding environments. To investigate dietary adaptation and social status in ancient Korea, stable isotope ratios and radiocarbon dates were measured from humans and animals from the Imdang cemetery, Gyeongsan city, South Korea. The results indicate that the Imdang diet was mainly based on C3 plants and terrestrial animals. Animal remains in the graves were directly consumed as daily food items as well as for ritual offerings. MixSIAR modeling results revealed that the dietary sources for the humans were: game birds > C3 plants > terrestrial herbivores > marine fish > C4 plants. The finding that the game birds represented the highest contribution to the whole diet, indicates that game birds must have been intensively hunted. Furthermore, elites consumed more game birds than their retainers and they also consumed seafood as a privileged dietary item in the Imdang society. This study demonstrates that the Apdok was a stratified society having high variations in the consumption of food items available to an individual and provides new insights about the subsistence and social status of the early ancient Apdok state on the Korean Peninsula.

Modernization and Status Change among Aged Men and Women

1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Clark
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Status Change ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigates the differences between the relationship between elderly occupational status and modernization for men and women. Consonant with previous findings [1], it finds that economic development is associated with relative losses of elderly men in professional and technical occupations. Augmenting those findings, however, it finds an even stronger association between development and such losses for women. In accounting for the differences, several explanations are advanced and tested, using data from fifty-one nations.

Social Stratification in the Sahel

2021 ◽  
pp. 630-648
Author(s):  
Cédric Jourde
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Electoral Politics ◽  
Religious Movements ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Islamic Leadership ◽  
Postcolonial States ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Status Differences

This chapter explores the politics of social status hierarchies in the Sahel (freeborn, “castes,” slaves) and the rich literature devoted to this theme. It looks specifically at two themes. First, the paradoxical relationship between Islam and social status stratification. The doctrinal equality of the believers before God has often been negated in practice, as “freeborn” lineages have taken over positions of Islamic leadership. But recently some religious movements (Islamism, Sufism, perhaps some jihadism as well) and social movements have challenged the hierarchy of status differences, some in words only, others in deeds as well. The second theme covers the relationship between the construction of colonial and postcolonial states and status hierarchies. Officially, in postcolonial states all citizens are equal under the law. But informally, little is done to counter practices that perpetuate status discrimination such as slavery. Also, electoral politics can both crystalize social status differences and trigger mobilization against status inequalities.

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