scholarly journals The physical activity paradox in cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: the contemporary Copenhagen General Population Study with 104 046 adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (15) ◽  
pp. 1499-1511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Holtermann ◽  
Peter Schnohr ◽  
Børge Grønne Nordestgaard ◽  
Jacob Louis Marott
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
General Population ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Occupational Physical Activity ◽  
General Population Study ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Abstract Aims  Leisure time physical activity associates with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality, while these relationships for occupational physical activity are unclear. We tested the hypothesis that leisure time physical activity associates with reduced major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and all-cause mortality risk, while occupational physical activity associates with increased risks. Methods and results  We studied 104 046 women and men aged 20–100 years in the Copenhagen General Population Study with baseline measurements in 2003–2014 and median 10-year follow-up. Both leisure and occupational physical activity were based on self-report with four response categories. We observed 7913 (7.6%) MACE and 9846 (9.5%) deaths from all causes. Compared to low leisure time physical activity, multivariable adjusted (for lifestyle, health, living conditions, and socioeconomic factors) hazard ratios for MACE were 0.86 (0.78–0.96) for moderate, 0.77 (0.69–0.86) for high, and 0.85 (0.73–0.98) for very high activity; corresponding values for higher occupational physical activity were 1.04 (0.95–1.14), 1.15 (1.04–1.28), and 1.35 (1.14–1.59), respectively. For all-cause mortality, corresponding hazard ratios for higher leisure time physical activity were 0.74 (0.68–0.81), 0.59 (0.54–0.64), and 0.60 (0.52–0.69), and for higher occupational physical activity 1.06 (0.96–1.16), 1.13 (1.01–1.27), and 1.27 (1.05–1.54), respectively. Similar results were found within strata on lifestyle, health, living conditions, and socioeconomic factors, and when excluding individuals dying within the first 5 years of follow-up. Levels of the two domains of physical activity did not interact on risk of MACE (P = 0.40) or all-cause mortality (P = 0.31). Conclusion  Higher leisure time physical activity associates with reduced MACE and all-cause mortality risk, while higher occupational physical activity associates with increased risks, independent of each other.

scholarly journals Leisure time and occupational physical activity, resting heart rate and mortality in the Arctic region of Norway: The Finnmark Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 1636-1644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rune Hermansen ◽  
Bjarne K Jacobsen ◽  
Maja-Lisa Løchen ◽  
Bente Morseth
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Occupational Physical Activity ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Mortality ◽  
Disease Mortality ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Aims This study examined the association of leisure time physical activity, occupational physical activity, and resting heart rate with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in Sami and non-Sami populations. Study design This was a longitudinal, observational population-based study. Methods The Finnmark 3 study cohort was examined in 1987–1988 and followed for all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality for 26 years. The cohort included 17,697 men and women with a mean age of 47.2 years at baseline. Leisure time physical activity and occupational physical activity were assessed with a validated questionnaire at baseline, whereas cause of death was obtained from the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry. Results A total of 1983 women and 3147 men died during follow-up. Leisure time physical activity was linearly and inversely associated with all-cause mortality, but not coronary heart disease mortality. Compared to inactive subjects, all-cause mortality was significantly reduced by 16% in the active leisure time physical activity group (hazard ratio 0.84; 95% confidence interval 0.76–0.92). Both for all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality, we observed a U-shaped relationship with occupational physical activity, as participants in the walking and lifting group had significantly lower mortality than both the mostly sedentary and the heavy manual labour group ( p < 0.05). An increase in resting heart rate by one beat per minute was associated with a 1.1% increase in all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 1.011; 95% confidence interval 1.009–1.013). The associations were similar in Sami and non-Sami subjects. Conclusion In this population-based study, leisure time physical activity was inversely associated with all-cause mortality, whereas resting heart rate was positively associated with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. There was a U-shaped association between occupational physical activity and cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality.

scholarly journals Do highly physically active workers die early? A systematic review with meta-analysis of data from 193 696 participants

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (20) ◽  
pp. 1320-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter Coenen ◽  
Maaike A Huysmans ◽  
Andreas Holtermann ◽  
Niklas Krause ◽  
Willem van Mechelen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Occupational Physical Activity ◽  
Low Level ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
High Level

ObjectiveRecent evidence suggests the existence of a physical activity paradox, with beneficial health outcomes associated with leisure time physical activity, but detrimental health outcomes for those engaging in high level occupational physical activity. This is the first quantitative systematic review of evidence regarding the association between occupational physical activity and all-cause mortality.DesignSystematic review with meta-analysis.Data sourceA literature search was performed in electronic databases PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Cochrane.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesWe screened for peer reviewed articles from prospective studies assessing the association of occupational physical activity with all-cause mortality. A meta-analysis assessed the association of high (compared with low) level occupational physical activity with all-cause mortality, estimating pooled hazard ratios (HR) (with 95% CI).Results2490 unique articles were screened and 33 (from 26 studies) were included. Data from 17 studies (with 193 696 participants) were used in a meta-analysis, showing that men with high level occupational physical activity had an 18% increased risk of early mortality compared with those engaging in low level occupational physical activity (HR 1.18, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.34). No such association was observed among women, for whom instead a tendency for an inverse association was found (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.80 to 1.01).ConclusionsThe results of this review indicate detrimental health consequences associated with high level occupational physical activity in men, even when adjusting for relevant factors (such as leisure time physical activity). These findings suggest that research and physical activity guidelines may differentiate between occupational and leisure time physical activity.

scholarly journals Demographic, lifestyle and comorbid risk factors for all-cause mortality in a Danish cohort of middle-aged adults with incident asthma

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. e049243
Author(s):  
Oliver Djurhuus Tupper ◽  
Zorana Jovanovic Andersen ◽  
Charlotte Suppli Ulrik
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Incident Asthma ◽  
First Time

ObjectiveWe aimed to identify factors associated with all-cause mortality in adults with incident asthma.Design and settingCross-sectional cohort study, in the metropolitan areas of Copenhagen and Aarhus, Denmark.ParticipantsAdults aged 50–64 years enrolled in the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health cohort were followed up from baseline (1993–1997) in the National Patients Registry for first-time admissions for asthma and vital status. We defined incident asthma as at least one first-time hospital admission with asthma as the primary registered diagnosis between baseline and end of follow-up (2013) in participants without previously known asthma. Among the cohort comprising 57 053 individuals, we identified 785 adults (aged 50—64) with incident asthma, of whom 76 died during follow-up.Primary and secondary outcome measuresBaseline reported socioeconomic and lifestyle traits, and comorbidities associated with all-cause mortality.ResultsSelf-reported leisure-time physical activity was associated with a substantial reduction in risk with an HR of 0.53 (95% CI 0.33 to 0.85). Being male, single and having a diagnosis of hypertension or diabetes were associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality with an HR of 1.83 (95% CI 1.14 to 2.38), 2.16 (95% CI 2.06 to 4.40), 2.47 (95% CI 1.54 to 3.95) and of 2.42 (95% CI 0.96 to 6.11), respectively.ConclusionsThis long-term study of adults with hospital contacts for incident asthma revealed that self-reported leisure-time physical activity is associated with an approximately 50% reduction in all-cause mortality. In contrast, both hypertension and diabetes were associated with a higher risk of mortality.

Effects of Leisure-Time and Occupational Physical Activity on Total Mortality Risk in NHANES III According to Sex, Ethnicity, Central Obesity, and Age

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Richard ◽  
Brian Martin ◽  
Miriam Wanner ◽  
Monika Eichholzer ◽  
Sabine Rohrmann
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Nhanes Iii ◽  
Occupational Physical Activity ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Background:Associations of physical activity with all-cause mortality seem to be quite strong, but little is known about potential effect modifiers as sex, race/ethnicity, age, and obesity.Methods:Data of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), conducted 1988−1994 with mortality follow-up until 2006, were used to compare mortality risk between different levels of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and occupational physical activity (OPA). Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results:LTPA (n = 15,307) was inversely associated with all-cause mortality (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.64−0.88 for regular vs. no LTPA). There was a statistically significant interaction with age (P = .03), with participants over 60 years of age benefitting more from regular or irregular LTPA. OPA was positively associated with all-cause mortality (HR 1.25, 95% CI 0.85−1.84 for high vs. low OPA), particularly among Mexican-Americans (HR 2.28, 95% CI 1.23−4.22); statistically significant interactions were observed for obesity and gender.Conclusions:LTPA clearly predicts all-cause mortality. However, associations between OPA and all-cause mortality are unclear and need further research with special regard to ethnic differences.

Occupational lifting and risk of hypertension, stratified by use of anti-hypertensives, physical activity and age - a prospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette Korshøj ◽  
Harald Hannerz ◽  
Ruth Frikke-Schmidt ◽  
Jacob Louis Marott ◽  
Peter Schnohr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
General Population ◽  
Population Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
General Population Study ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Prospective Association

Abstract Background Prevalence of hypertension varies across occupations, maybe due to differences in exposure to occupational lifting. This study investigated associations between occupational lifting and hypertension, stratified by use of anti-hypertensives, leisure time physical activity (LTPA), occupational physical activity (OPA) and age.Methods Data from the Copenhagen General Population Study were included. The Copenhagen General Population Study was approved by the local ethical committee (H-KF-01-144/01), and all participation were conducted in accordance with the declaration of Helsinki. Multivariable logistic regression models, adjusted for sex, age, BMI, smoking, school education, mental stress and baseline blood pressure (BP), were applied to estimate: the (i) cross-sectional association (n=67,363) between occupational lifting and hypertension (using anti-hypertensives or BP ≥140/≥90 mmHg), (ii) prospective association (n=7,020) between occupational lifting and risk of an above median change in systolic BP (baseline to follow-up) and/or a shift from no use to use of anti-hypertensives, among the included population and stratified by use of anti-hypertensives, LTPA, OPA and age.Results Cross-sectionally, heavy occupational lifting lowered hypertension risk. Mean baseline BP, showed that the higher the level of LTPA the lower mean BP across all levels of OPA were, but only among those not using anti-hypertensives. The prospective analysis showed occupational lifting to increase the risk of hypertension, among workers aged ≥ 50 years, or reporting light to moderate LTPA. Conclusions This study finds positive associations between occupational lifting and risk for hypertension among workers aged ≥ 50 years. Further research on the association between occupational lifting and precursors of cardiovascular disease are needed before recommendations for occupational lifting and cardiovascular health can be established.

scholarly journals Beneficial associations of low and large doses of leisure time physical activity with all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality: a national cohort study of 88,140 US adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (22) ◽  
pp. 1405-1411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Zhao ◽  
Sreenivas P Veeranki ◽  
Shengxu Li ◽  
Lyn M Steffen ◽  
Bo Xi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Vigorous Exercise ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
National Cohort ◽  
Cancer Specific Mortality

BackgroundEvidence on the role of very low or very high volumes of leisure time physical activity (PA) on the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality is limited. We aimed to examine the associations of different levels of leisure time PA with the risk of all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer-specific mortality.MethodsData were from 12 waves of the National Health Interview Surveys (1997–2008) linked to the National Death Index records through 31 December 2011. A total of 88 140 eligible participants aged 40–85 years were included.ResultsCompared with inactive individuals, those performing 10–59 min/week of PA had 18% lower risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio (HR): 0.82, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.72–0.95). Those who reported 1–2 times (150–299 min/week) the recommended level of leisure time PA had 31% (HR: 0.69, 95%CI: 0.63–0.75) reduced risk of all-cause mortality. Importantly, the continued benefits were observed among those performing leisure time PA 10 or more times (≥1500 min/week) the recommended minimum level (HR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.45–0.64). For 10–59, 150–299 and ≥1500 min/week of PA, the corresponding HRs (95% CIs) for CVD-specific mortality were 0.88 (0.67–1.17), 0.63 (0.52–0.78) and 0.67 (0.45–0.99), respectively: for cancer-specific mortality were 0.86 (0.66–1.11), 0.76 (0.64–0.89) and 0.53 (0.39–0.73), respectively. In addition, there was a larger reduction in all-cause and cause-specific mortality for vigorous vs. moderate intensity PA.ConclusionsWe found that beneficial association between leisure time PA and mortality starts from a low dose. Doing more vigorous exercise could lead to additional health benefits.

scholarly journals Leisure-time physical activity and risk of incident cardiovascular disease in Chinese retired adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuanwen Mu ◽  
Kuai Yu ◽  
Pinpin Long ◽  
Rundong Niu ◽  
Wending Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Metabolic Equivalent Of Task ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractThe optimum amounts and types of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention among Chinese retired adults are unclear. The prospective study enrolled 26,584 participants (mean age [SD]: 63.3 [8.4]) without baseline disease from the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort in 2013. Cox-proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During a mean 5.0 (1.5) years of follow-up, 5704 incident CVD cases were documented. Compared with less than 7.5 metabolic equivalent of task-hours per week (MET-hours/week) of LTPA, participating LTPA for 22.5–37.5 MET-hours/week, which was equivalent to 3 to 5 times the world health organization (WHO) recommended minimum, was associated with a 18% (95% CI 9 to 25%) lower CVD risk; however, no significant additional benefit was gained when exceeding 37.5 MET-hours/week. Each log10 increment of MET-hours/week in square dancing and cycling was associated with 11% (95% CI 2 to 20%) and 32% (95% CI 21 to 41%), respectively, lower risk of incident CVD. In Chinese retired adults, higher LTPA levels were associated with lower CVD risk, with a benefit threshold at 3 to 5 times the recommended physical activity minimum. Encouraging participation in square dancing and cycling might gain favourable cardiovascular benefits.

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