Leisure-time physical activity and risk of incident cardiovascular disease in Chinese retired adults

AbstractThe optimum amounts and types of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention among Chinese retired adults are unclear. The prospective study enrolled 26,584 participants (mean age [SD]: 63.3 [8.4]) without baseline disease from the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort in 2013. Cox-proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During a mean 5.0 (1.5) years of follow-up, 5704 incident CVD cases were documented. Compared with less than 7.5 metabolic equivalent of task-hours per week (MET-hours/week) of LTPA, participating LTPA for 22.5–37.5 MET-hours/week, which was equivalent to 3 to 5 times the world health organization (WHO) recommended minimum, was associated with a 18% (95% CI 9 to 25%) lower CVD risk; however, no significant additional benefit was gained when exceeding 37.5 MET-hours/week. Each log10 increment of MET-hours/week in square dancing and cycling was associated with 11% (95% CI 2 to 20%) and 32% (95% CI 21 to 41%), respectively, lower risk of incident CVD. In Chinese retired adults, higher LTPA levels were associated with lower CVD risk, with a benefit threshold at 3 to 5 times the recommended physical activity minimum. Encouraging participation in square dancing and cycling might gain favourable cardiovascular benefits.

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Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Hypertensive Patients: A Longitudinal Cohort Study

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine ◽

10.3389/fcvm.2021.644573 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Jiqing Li ◽

Zhentang Zhang ◽

Shucheng Si ◽

Fuzhong Xue

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Leisure Time ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽

Cox Model ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Hypertensive Patients ◽

Longitudinal Cohort

Objective: Few studies estimated the effect of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among hypertensive patients in a longitudinal cohort. This study aims to evaluate the association between LTPA and CVD in a longitudinal management cohort of hypertensive patients.Methods: A total of 58,167 hypertensive patients without baseline CVD from a longitudinal cohort were included in this study. LTPA and other covariates were measured at the follow-up four times annually. The primary outcome was CVD events. The association between LTPA and CVD was assessed by the marginal structure model (MSM) and Cox model with adjustment for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), smoking, drinking, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and antihypertensive medication. The restricted cubic spline and segmented regression were used to assess the dose–response relationship between LTPA and CVD.Results: We recorded 16,332 CVD events; crude incidence of CVD were 89.68, 80.39, 62.64, and 44.04 per 1,000 person-years for baseline 0, 1–150, 151–300, and >300 min/week LTPA, respectively. Compared with inactive LTPA, the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) estimated by Cox model and MSM-Cox model for CVD associated with 1–150,151–300, and 300 min/week LTPA were 0.85 (95% CI, 0.83–0.88), 0.67 (95% CI, 0.64–0.71), 0.47 (95% CI, 0.44–0.51), and 0.83 (95% CI, 0.76–0.91), 0.58 (95% CI, 0.52–0.63), and 0.39 (95% CI, 0.35–0.44), respectively. Per 60 min/week increase in LTPA was associated with a 13% reduction in CVD risk. LTPA breakpoint was 417 min/week for CVD. Before and after the break-point, the slopes of the piecewise-linear relationship between LTPA and CVD risk were −0.0017 and −0.0003, respectively.Conclusion: LTPA was more strongly associated with the CVD risk than that estimated by conventional analyses based on baseline LTPA; 417 min/week is a breakpoint, after which the incremental health benefits on CVD prevention obtained from the increase in LTPA are much less than before.

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Physical inactivity and headache disorders: Cross-sectional analysis in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)

Cephalalgia ◽

10.1177/03331024211029217 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 033310242110292

Author(s):

Arão Belitardo de Oliveira ◽

Juliane Prieto Peres Mercante ◽

Mario Fernando Prieto Peres ◽

Maria Del Carmen B Molina ◽

Paulo A Lotufo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Physical Inactivity ◽

Leisure Time ◽

Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽

World Health ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Physical Activity Levels ◽

Commuting Time ◽

Health Organization ◽

Physical Activity Domain

Background Physical inactivity has been linked to headache disorders but estimates based on the current World Health Organization physical activity guidelines are unknown. Objective To test the associations between headache disorders and physical inactivity in the ELSA-Brasil cohort. Methods In a cross-sectional analysis, linear (continuous variables) and logistic regression models (categorical variables) tested the associations of physical activity levels in the leisure time, commuting time, and combined leisure time physical activity + commuting time physical activity domains with headache disorders, adjusted for the effects of sociodemographic data, cardiovascular risk variables, psychiatric disorders, and migraine prophylaxis medication. Results Of 15,105 participants, 14,847 (54.4% women) provided data on physical activity levels and headache. Higher physical activity levels (continuous values) in the leisure time physical activity domain associated with lower migraine and tension-type headache occurrence and lower headache attack frequency, while in the commuting time physical activity domain it associated with more frequent headache attacks. Compared to people who met World Health Organization physical activity levels in the leisure time physical activity or combining leisure time physical activity + commuting time physical activity domains (i.e. ≥150 min.wk−1 of moderate and/or ≥75 min.wk−1 of vigorous physical activity), physical inactivity associated with higher migraine occurrence, while somewhat active (i.e. not meeting World Health Organization recommendations) associated with higher migraine and tension-type headache occurrence. Physical inactivity in the commuting time physical activity domain associated with higher tension-type headache in men and lower migraine in women. Physical inactivity within vigorous leisure time physical activity intensity, but not moderate leisure time physical activity, associated with higher migraine, mostly in women. Finally, physical inactivity associated with higher headache attack frequency regardless headache subtype. Conclusion Physical inactivity and unmet World Health Organization physical activity levels associate with primary headaches, with heterogeneous associations regarding headache subtype, sex, physical activity domain/intensity, and headache frequency in the ELSA-Brasil study.

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Leisure-time Physical Activity of Polish White-collar Workers: A Cross-sectional Study

Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy ◽

10.1016/j.hkjot.2017.01.001 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 19-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Agnieszka Nawrocka ◽

Arkadiusz Mynarski ◽

Jarosław Cholewa ◽

Wiesław Garbaciak

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

World Health Organization ◽

Sports Medicine ◽

Leisure Time ◽

Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽

White Collar ◽

World Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

White Collar Workers ◽

Health Organization

Objective/Background The aim of this study was to assess the leisure-time physical activity of Polish white-collar workers in relation to various health recommendations. Methods The study used a cross-sectional design with a convenience sample of 482 white-collar workers from Poland. Researchers recorded the leisure-time physical activity logs for 7 consecutive days of the week. Physical activity level was interpreted in relation to the World Health Organization and the American College of Sports Medicine recommendations. Results Among the workers, 42% of women and 53% of men declared moderate physical activity for at least 150 minutes per week, but only 23% of women and 18% men undertook activity in at least 5 days. Conclusion The results of the physical activity identified were significantly different from the American College of Sports Medicine and World Health Organization recommendations. The lower percentage of workers who met American College of Sports Medicine recommendations was caused by insufficient frequency of physical efforts.

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The physical activity paradox in cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: the contemporary Copenhagen General Population Study with 104 046 adults

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/eurheartj/ehab087 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (15) ◽

pp. 1499-1511 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Andreas Holtermann ◽

Peter Schnohr ◽

Børge Grønne Nordestgaard ◽

Jacob Louis Marott

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

General Population ◽

Leisure Time ◽

Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽

Occupational Physical Activity ◽

General Population Study ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

All Cause Mortality

Abstract Aims Leisure time physical activity associates with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality, while these relationships for occupational physical activity are unclear. We tested the hypothesis that leisure time physical activity associates with reduced major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and all-cause mortality risk, while occupational physical activity associates with increased risks. Methods and results We studied 104 046 women and men aged 20–100 years in the Copenhagen General Population Study with baseline measurements in 2003–2014 and median 10-year follow-up. Both leisure and occupational physical activity were based on self-report with four response categories. We observed 7913 (7.6%) MACE and 9846 (9.5%) deaths from all causes. Compared to low leisure time physical activity, multivariable adjusted (for lifestyle, health, living conditions, and socioeconomic factors) hazard ratios for MACE were 0.86 (0.78–0.96) for moderate, 0.77 (0.69–0.86) for high, and 0.85 (0.73–0.98) for very high activity; corresponding values for higher occupational physical activity were 1.04 (0.95–1.14), 1.15 (1.04–1.28), and 1.35 (1.14–1.59), respectively. For all-cause mortality, corresponding hazard ratios for higher leisure time physical activity were 0.74 (0.68–0.81), 0.59 (0.54–0.64), and 0.60 (0.52–0.69), and for higher occupational physical activity 1.06 (0.96–1.16), 1.13 (1.01–1.27), and 1.27 (1.05–1.54), respectively. Similar results were found within strata on lifestyle, health, living conditions, and socioeconomic factors, and when excluding individuals dying within the first 5 years of follow-up. Levels of the two domains of physical activity did not interact on risk of MACE (P = 0.40) or all-cause mortality (P = 0.31). Conclusion Higher leisure time physical activity associates with reduced MACE and all-cause mortality risk, while higher occupational physical activity associates with increased risks, independent of each other.

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The associations between leisure-time physical activity and inflammatory and coagulation markers related to cardiovascular disease: the ATTICA Study

Preventive Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.07.010 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 432-437 ◽

Cited By ~ 86

Author(s):

Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos ◽

Christos Pitsavos ◽

Christina Chrysohoou ◽

Stavros Kavouras ◽

Christodoulos Stefanadis

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Leisure Time ◽

Leisure Time Physical Activity

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Time Trends and Sociodemographic Inequalities in Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors Among Brazilian Adults: National Surveys from 2003 to 2019

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.2021-0156 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

André O. Werneck ◽

Luciana L. Barboza ◽

Raphael H.O. Araújo ◽

Adewale L. Oyeyemi ◽

Giseli N. Damacena ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Health Survey ◽

Time Trends ◽

Leisure Time ◽

Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽

Sample Survey ◽

World Health ◽

Tv Viewing ◽

Total Transport

Background: The authors analyzed time trends and sociodemographic inequalities in different physical activity and sedentary behavior domains between 2003 and 2019. Methods: A secondary analysis of data from 5 cross-sectional Brazilian epidemiological surveys (World Health Survey—2003, National Household Sample Survey—2008/2015, and Brazilian Health Survey—2013/2019) conducted among a nationally representative sample of Brazilian adults. The authors used data on different domains of physical activity (leisure, commute, total transport, and total physical activity) and sedentary behavior (TV viewing and other types of screens) that were available in the different surveys. Gender, age group, country region, ethnicity, type of area and city, and quintiles of income and educational achievement were used as sociodemographic correlates. Results: The prevalence of leisure-time physical activity increased over time (2008: 7.0% vs 2019: 26.5%). There was also an increased trend of social inequality in leisure-time physical activity. A trend of reduction was observed for active commuting (2008: 35.0% vs 2019: 21.8%), while total transport physical activity was stable (2013: 49.5% vs 2019: 49.6%). Directions of findings were opposite for sedentary behavior, with reduced trend for >3 hours per day of TV viewing (2008: 34.8% vs 2019: 21.8%) and increased trend for >3 hours per day of other types of screen time (2008: 6.4% vs 2019: 22.2%). Conclusion: A positive trend exists in leisure-time physical activity, but there was also an increase in social inequalities for physical activity in Brazil.

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Association between leisure-time physical activity and the risk of chronic diseases

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckz186.195 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽

Author(s):

A Dedele ◽

A Miskinyte

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

High Intensity ◽

Leisure Time ◽

Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽

Adult Population ◽

World Health ◽

Health Study ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background According to the World Health Organization, non-communicable diseases or chronic diseases, account for 71 percent of all deaths globally, affecting individuals of all age groups and countries. Epidemiological studies have shown an association between a lack of physical activity (PA) and the risk of raised blood pressure, increased body mass index and obesity that can lead to chronic diseases. Methods The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between leisure-time PA and the risk of chronic diseases among adult population. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 470 men and 641 women who participated in “The Impact of Sustainable Mobility, Physical Activity and Environmental Factors on Urban Population Health Study (ISMA)” in Lithuania. Leisure-time PA was self-reported and divided into three levels: low, moderate and high. Logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of chronic diseases according to leisure-time PA. Results More than half (55%) of the study population engaged in a moderate intensity PA and 12% of participants engaged in a high intensity leisure-time PA. Men 1.6 times more often than women reported engaging in a high intensity PA in leisure time (p = 0.004). Adults who engaged in low intensity leisure-time PA had almost 3 times (OR = 2.91; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.62-5.24) higher risk of chronic diseases, whereas those adults who reported moderate intensity leisure-time PA had an OR of 1.63 (95% CI 0.92-2.87) compared to individuals who engaged in a high-level PA. Conclusions Our findings suggest that high levels of leisure-time PA could reduce the risk of chronic diseases and this effect was significantly stronger in men. Key messages Global decline in PA is related to inaction during leisure time and sedentary behaviour at work and at home that has a major health impact worldwide. High levels of leisure-time PA are important factor for chronic disease prevention.

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Leisure-Time Physical Activity Participation Trends 2014–2018: A Cross-Sectional Study in Poland

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17010208 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 208 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Elżbieta Biernat ◽

Monika Piątkowska

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Large Scale ◽

Leisure Time ◽

Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽

Occupational Status ◽

Age Groups ◽

The Elderly ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

World Health ◽

Cross Sectional

Objective, the aim is an analysis of sociodemographic factors that had an essential relation with undertaking leisure-time physical activity—LTPA (with particular emphasis on World Health Organization (WHO) health recommendations) by adult Poles from a time-trend perspective. Methods, the paper is based on data retrieved from five large-scale surveys carried out on the representative samples of Poles aged 15–69 in 2014–2018 (n = 7347). In each wave, the Polish long version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used. Results, the participation of Poles in LTPA constantly increases (p < 0.001) and the percentage of people meeting the dose of PA required for health recommendations is growing (on average, met by 43.9% of Polish men and 43.5% of women), which indicates a trend of behaviour of citizens of this country. The probability of realisation of WHO norms was determined by sex, age, place of residence and occupational status. Conclusion: it seems reasonable to develop Polish recommendations and guidelines for specific groups, including females and males, those who live in the villages and in the towns, different age groups: children/adolescents, adults (aged 50 to 59—most vulnerable to physical inactivity), the elderly, and various professional groups (especially farmers and physical workers).

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Associations of Self-rated Fitness and Different Types of Leisure Time Physical Activity With Predicted Aerobic Fitness in 5979 Finnish Adults

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.1.2.142 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 142-153 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Katja Borodulin ◽

Timo Lakka ◽

Tiina Laatikainen ◽

Raija Laukkanen ◽

Hannu Kinnunen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Aerobic Fitness ◽

Leisure Time ◽

Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽

Large Population ◽

Alternative Methods ◽

Men And Women ◽

Healthy Men ◽

Fitness Level

Background:In large population studies, comparisons of physical activity, self-rated fitness, and measured aerobic fitness are seldom reported. Measuring aerobic fitness is time-consuming and expensive, thus alternative methods are needed.Objectives:To investigate the recently established Polar Fitness Test (PFT) as a method to predict maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max, a measure of maximal aerobic power), to assess distribution of predicted VO2max by gender and age, and to compare predictions to self-reported leisure time physical activity and self-rated fitness level in a large Finnish population sample.Methods:The study population comprised 5979 men and women aged 25 to 74 years who participated in the National FINRISK Study. Subjects filled in standardized questionnaires assessing self-rated fitness level and total, conditioning, commuting, and non-conditioning leisure time physical activity. The PFT was performed by a trained nurse at the study site and was based on resting heart rate measurements, gender, age, height, weight, and self-reported physical activity. Healthy individuals and those with a self-reported cardiovascular disease were analyzed separately.Results:The mean predicted VO2max was 38.1 and 35.1 ml/kg/min in healthy men and women, respectively. In both genders, predicted VO2max declined significantly by age. Individuals with cardiovascular disease had lower VO2max predictions than healthy persons. Healthy men reported total leisure time physical activity slightly less than healthy women. Self-rated fitness level and conditioning and commuting leisure time physical activity were independently associated with predicted VO2max, while no correlation between non-conditioning leisure time physical activity and predicted aerobic fitness was found.Conclusion:PFT was a feasible method to predict aerobic fitness in a large population study and was related both to self-rated fitness and self-reported physical activity. Aerobic fitness was associated with conditioning and commuting physical activity, but not with non-conditioning physical activity.

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