P3356Antiarrhythmic therapy with amiodarone decreases the uptake of 82-Rubidium-PET: studies in a rodent model

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Bentsen ◽  
J K Jensen ◽  
R Ripa ◽  
P Hasbak ◽  
A Kjaer
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Perfusion ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphate ◽  
Antiarrhythmic Drugs ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Standard Uptake Value ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Introduction Myocardial perfusion imaging using positron emission tomography (PET) with 82Rubidium (82Rb) is used as a standard clinical examination. 82Rb-PET provides important information for the correct diagnosis and aids in prognostic risk assessment in patients with ischemic heart disease. 82Rb enters the myocardial cells by active transport of the sodium/potassium adenosine triphosphate transporter. Some antiarrhythmic drugs inhibits sodium/potassium adenosine triphosphate transporter. Purpose To determent if the uptake of 82Rb-PET using standard uptake value (SUV) is affected by administration of antiarrhythmic drugs. Methods Twenty-one Sprague-Dawley rats were baseline PET/CT scanned with 82Rb, using a Siemens preclinical PET/CT Inveon MM system and a Cardiogen-82 Rb generator. After baseline scan, the rats were divided into three groups. One control group without any treatment, and two received treatment with either orally administered Metoprolol 50mg/kg/24h or orally administered Amiodarone 120mg/kg/24h for seven days. All three groups were again PET/CT scanned with 82Rb-PET after the last administration on day seven. Data are presented as mean ±SEM. Results In the control group, there was no difference in mean SUV in the heart from day one to day seven (SUVmean 3.47±0.11 vs 3.45±0.35 p=0.97). In the group treated with metoprolol, likewise there was no difference in mean SUV in the heart from day one to day seven (SUVmean 3.87±0.13 vs 4.4±0.21 p=0.096). In contrast, in the group treated with amiodarone there was a significant difference in mean SUV from day one to day seven (SUVmean 4.14±0.15 vs 3.38±0.18 p=0.001). In all three groups there was no difference in mean SUV from day one to day seven in the liver and kidney. Conclusions The antiarrhythmic drug amiodarone had a clear impact on SUVmean in the heart. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time it has been shown, that amiodarone lowers the SUV in 82Rb-PET in the heart. Amiodarone therefore seems to change to uptake of 82Rb in the myocyte. This could potentially influence the calculation to estimate absolute flow through the coronary arteries and lead to wrong conclusions regarding myocardial perfusion in patients treated with amiodarone. Further studies are needed to characterize the mechanism and to confirm the effect clinically.

Expectant Vomiting of Lung Cancer Patients Using Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography Image Analysis and Continuous Nursing Theory

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2236-2241
Author(s):  
Chengyi Zhou ◽  
Junru Wang ◽  
Min Tao ◽  
Zhiqin Zhou ◽  
Wei Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Standard Uptake Value ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ct Image ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Negative Coping ◽  
Experimental Group

Objective: The objective is to study the effect of continuous nursing on the vomiting of patients with expectant vomiting of lung cancer, and to establish a three-dimensional segmentation model of PET-CT image, so as to provide an effective nursing intervention for patients with expectant vomiting of lung cancer. Methods: In this study, the sampling method is adopted. We collected 68 patients (over 18 years old) diagnosed with lung cancer from May 2016 to June 2018 as the study subjects. Patients are divided into experimental group and control group. Before discharge, the patients in the control group are given general discharge guidance and health knowledge guidance. The patients in the experimental group are treated with continuous nursing until the next admission, except for general discharge guidance and health knowledge guidance. The cycle is a period of intermittent chemotherapy. According to the general data questionnaire designed by the researchers themselves, the criteria of acute and subacute toxicity of anticancer drugs developed by the World Health Organization (WHO), and the simple coping style questionnaire, the data are collected. SPSS 22.0 is used for analysis. The rank sum test is used in the grading of expected nausea and vomiting. The score of self coping ability is compared within the group by paired sample t-test, and P < 0.05 is statistically significant. Results: First, before continuous nursing, there is no significant difference in the expected nausea and vomiting between the two groups (P = 0.299). After continuous nursing, in the experimental group, nausea and vomiting is significantly improved (P < 0.001). Second, the positive and negative coping scores of the two groups are 15.98±1.11 and 16.99±1.23, respectively. There is no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). After continuous nursing, the experimental group is compared with the control group. There is a significant difference between positive coping score (19.21±2.12) and negative coping score (16.27±1.53) (P < 0.01). Thirdly, the pixels with the standard uptake value (SUV) > 1/4 of the maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) are selected as the basic tumor range, which can accurately predict the tumor size and range. Conclusion: PET-CT image analysis and continuous nursing can reduce the degree of nausea and vomiting in patients with lung cancer expectant vomiting, predict the size of lung cancer tumor, improve the patients’ self-response ability and the cure rate of tumor, which is worth promoting in patients with lung cancer expectant vomiting.

Sevoflurane Preconditioning Attenuates the Fall in Adenosine Triphosphate Levels, but Does Not Alter the Changes in Sodium and Potassium Levels during Hypoxia in Rat Hippocampal Slices

2013 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon R. Esenther ◽  
Zhijun Ge ◽  
Fanli Meng ◽  
James E. Cottrell ◽  
Ira S. Kass
Keyword(s):  
Adenosine Triphosphate ◽  
Hippocampal Slices ◽  
Intracellular Sodium ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Atp Levels ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sevoflurane Preconditioning ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Abstract Background: Sevoflurane preconditioning improves recovery after hypoxia. Sevoflurane administered before and during hypoxia improved recovery and attenuated the changes in intracellular sodium, potassium, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels during hypoxia. In this study, the authors examine the effects of sevoflurane applied only before hypoxia on sodium, potassium, and ATP. Methods: Hippocampal slices from adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were pretreated with 4% sevoflurane, washed, and then subjected to hypoxia (n ≥ 8 animals/group). The cornus ammonis 1 regions of the hippocampal slices were micro-dissected and sodium, potassium, and ATP concentrations measured. Results: Pretreatment with sevoflurane for 15 or 60 min did not attenuate the increase in intracellular sodium or the decrease in intracellular potassium during hypoxia. After 60 min of preconditioning and 5 min of hypoxia, sodium increased 57% (vs. nonpreconditioned hypoxia 54% increase) and potassium decreased 31% (vs. 26%). These changes were not statistically significant versus untreated hypoxia. The 60-min sevoflurane preconditioning group had statistically significant higher ATP levels at 5 min of hypoxia (3.8 nmol/mg dry wt.) when compared to untreated hypoxic tissue (2.1 nmol/mg). There was no significant difference in ATP levels between the sevoflurane preconditioned and the untreated tissue before hypoxia (8.9 vs. 8.5 nmoles/mg, respectively). Conclusion: Preconditioning with sevoflurane for 60 min before hypoxia does not alter changes in intracellular sodium and potassium during hypoxia but does attenuate the fall in intracellular ATP levels during hypoxia. Thus, there are differences between anesthetic preconditioning and when anesthetics are present before and during hypoxia.

scholarly journals The Effect of Single and Triple Testicular Biopsy Using Biopty Gun on Spermatogenesis in Pubertal Rats

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1569
Author(s):  
Tomislav Šušnjar ◽  
Ivana Kuzmić Prusac ◽  
Ivan Švagelj ◽  
Anđela Jurišić ◽  
Tomislav Šušnjar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Count ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Testicular Biopsy ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Left Testis ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: The aim of this study was to compare consequences in single and triple testicular biopsy by biopty gun in pubertal rats using histological and immunohistochemical analysis. Methods: Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley male rats were used as the experimental model. The rats were randomly divided into three study groups. The rats from the first group (n = 12) received a single-biopsy of upper pole of the left testis, while the rats from the second group (n = 10) received triple-biopsy of upper and lower poles and lateral surface of left testis. The third group (n = 10) was a control group. On the eightieth day after the biopsy in all rats bilateral orchiectomy and funiculectomy were performed to obtain testicular tissue and sperm for analysis. The consequences of the puncture were observed by pathohistology, immunohistochemistry and semen analysis. Results: The results of the study showed lower percentage of sperm count (14.5 mill/mL vs. 16 mill/mL, p = 0.130), sperm motility (24.6% vs. 32.7%, p > 0.05), abnormal sperm (30% vs. 27%, p > 0.05), atrophic tubules (21% vs. 6%, p < 0.001), volume (1.7 mL vs. 2.28 mL, p < 0.01) and apoptotic index (1.56 vs. 1.19, p = 0.650) in the testes with a triple-biopsy compared to the testes with a single-biopsy. Semen analysis showed a borderline significant difference between the group with triple-biopsy where sperm count was lower than it in the control group (14.5 mill/mL vs. 17.5 mill/mL, p = 0.05). A single-biopsy has little effect on the testis, especially on overall fertility. A triple-biopsy showed higher degree of the testicular damage but without a significant impact on overall fertility. Semen analysis showed that single- and triple-biopsies did not have a significant effect on sperm count, motility and morphology. Conclusion: Biopty gun procedure is a cheap, simple and reliable method for testicular biopsy in rats without a significant effect on sperm count, motility and morphology.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) patients surveyed by 18FDGPET-CT (PET-CT): An open-label multicenter randomized trial (NCT 00624260).

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 3520-3520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iradj Sobhani ◽  
Isabelle Baumgaertner ◽  
Emmanuel Itti ◽  
Alain Luciani ◽  
Richard Layese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Composite Endpoint ◽  
Tumour Marker ◽  
Recurrence Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Curative Surgery ◽  
Cox Models ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Significant Difference

3520 Background: Curative surgery is the best therapy of CRC and recurrences. We assessed whether adding semi-annual PET-CT to the usual surveillance would be cost-effective in high risk recurrent CRC patients. Methods: CRC patients (stage II tumor perforated, stages III and IV) in remission after curative surgery were randomly assigned (1:1) to trimester usual surveillance (control) or usual surveillance + semi-annual course PET-CT (intervention) for a 3-yr follow up period. Every 3 months, multidisciplinary committee decided about recurrence by yes/no/doubtful. If yes, curative surgery alone (when relevant), or chemotherapy alone (unresecable recurrence) were conducted; additional exams could be performed if doubtful. Primary composite endpoint (failure) comprised unresectable recurrence & death. The economic assessments according to standards (CHEERS) were performed and costs were compared between groups. Statistical tests for calculation of the relative risk (RR) were used and survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier method, Log-Rang test and Cox models. Results: Baseline characteristics of 239 patients (120/119) enrolled in 12 centers were balanced. The failure rate was 29.2% (31 unresectable recurrences & 4 deaths) and 23.5% (27 & 1) in Interventional vs Control, respectively with no significant difference (RR = 1.24, 95% CI: 0.81-1.90; P = .32). Similar results were observed in multivariate analysis (Cox models) adjusted for stage and tumor differentiation (HR = 1.33, 95% CI: 0.8-2.19, P = .27). Period until the unresectable recurrence was significantly shorter in Interventional (median = 7; IQR: 3-20 months) than in Control group (14.3; 7.3-27; P= 0.016). This was consistent with lower elevation (median; IQR) of tumour marker in interventional (3.8; 2.8-19) than in control group (10; 5.2-28.6) at the first recurrence time as compared to the baseline (p = 0.007). Overall (mean; SD) cost (euros)/patient was higher in the PET-Scan (9385; 11658) than in the control group (7027; 7656). Conclusions: Although recurrences were detected earlier in PET-CT group, the strategy was less effective, more expensive. This exam should not be advised routinely. Clinical trial information: NCT 00624260.

scholarly journals Acute and Subchronic Toxicity Study ofEuphorbia hirtaL. Methanol Extract in Rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwan Yuet Ping ◽  
Ibrahim Darah ◽  
Yeng Chen ◽  
Subramaniam Sreeramanan ◽  
Sreenivasan Sasidharan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Morphological Alteration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Significant Difference

DespiteEuphorbia hirtaL. ethnomedicinal benefits, very few studies have described the potential toxicity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate thein vivotoxicity of methanolic extracts ofE. hirta. The acute and subchronic oral toxicity ofE. hirtawas evaluated in Sprague Dawley rats. The extract at a single dose of 5000 mg/kg did not produce treatment related signs of toxicity or mortality in any of the animals tested during the 14-day observation period. Therefore, the LD 50 of this plant was estimated to be more than 5000 mg/kg. In the repeated dose 90-day oral toxicity study, the administration of 50 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg/day ofE. hirtaextract per body weight revealed no significant difference (P>0.05) in food and water consumptions, body weight change, haematological and biochemical parameters, relative organ weights, and gross findings compared to the control group. Macropathology and histopathology examinations of all organs including the liver did not reveal morphological alteration. Analyses of these results with the information of signs, behaviour, and health monitoring could lead to the conclusion that the long-term oral administration ofE. hirtaextract for 90 days does not cause sub-chronic toxicity.

scholarly journals The Effect of Tempeh Gembus Variations to Serum Levels of High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP) and Serum Levels of Fibrinogen of Sprague Dawley Rats with Aterogenic Diet

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Partika Kharunia Dewi ◽  
Diana Nur Afifah ◽  
Ninik Rustanti ◽  
Mohammad Sulchan ◽  
Gemala Anjani
Keyword(s):  
Serum Levels ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Atherogenic Diet ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Positive Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background and aims: Cardiovascular diseases are widespread and causes many deaths in the world. The concentration of acute phase protein: C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen will rise dramatically when inflammation happens, which that can be used as an early marker of cardiovascular disease risk. Tempeh gembus contains fiber, unsaturated fatty acids and isoflavones are believed to reduce the inflammatory reaction. The aim of the study was to determinate the effect of tempeh gembus variations to levels of hcCRP and levels of fibrinogen of Sprague Dawley rats with atherogenic diet. Material and methods: This study was quasi-experimental with posttest only randomized control group design using 35 Sprague Dawley mice. The rats were randomized into 5 groups: negative control group given the standard diet, the positive control group given standard diet and atherogenic diet, and three treatment groups were given the standard diet, atherogenic diet and variation of tempeh gembus (tempeh gembus, heated tempeh gembus and tempeh gembus with bromelain enzyme) for 28 days. Serum levels of hsCRP and fibrinogen examined using ELISA (Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay). Results and conclusions: The administration of tempeh gembus with bromelain enzyme is the most effective treatment for hsCRP serum level indicated a significant difference (p=0.028) between the negative control group, positive control group and first group with the third group. Fibrinogen serum levels showed significant differences in all treatment groups (p =0.042), administration of tempeh gembus with bromelain enzyme is the most effective treatment is shown by a significant difference between the negative control group and the positive control group with third group. The administration of tempeh gembus with bromelain enzyme for 28 days can reduce the serum levels of hsCRP and fibrinogen on rats significantly.

scholarly journals Functional Evaluation of Sciatic Nerve Anastomosis Wraped by Freeze Dried Human Amniotic Membrane in Sprague Dawley Rat

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-05
Author(s):  
Eko Perdana Putra ◽  
Pamudji Utomo ◽  
Mujaddid Idulhaq
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Amniotic Membrane ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Amniotic Membrane ◽  
Functional Evaluation ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Group I ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sciatic Functional Index

Background. Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is a common medical condition. The defected nerve, if not repaired as early as possible, can cause long-term denervation and neurotrophy failure for the target organ. This leads to a series of denervation manifestations, such as muscle atrophy, loss of sensory function, etc. and ultimately, these manifestations seriously affect the patient’s sensorimotor function.1,2  Amniotic membranes have been widely used in ophthalmology and skin injury repair because of their anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we measured therapeutic efficacy and determined if amniotic membranes could be used for sciatic nerve repair.Material and methods. A post test only control group design has been done  in 10 healthy Sprague Dawley rats. In all rats, a unilateral right side sciatic nerve transection was performed and reanastomosed by different methods: Group I (control group): included 5 rats, the anastomosis was done by epineural microsutures using 8/0 nylon. Group II: included 5 rats, the anastomosis was done by epineural microsutures using 8/0 nylon and  then wraped by freeze dried human amniotic membrane. Functional evaluation of nerve recovery was done over 3 weeks postoperatively using walking tract analysis and calculate using Sciatic Functional Index.Result. Functional results showed that there was no significant difference of the sciatic functional index (SFI) between group I and group II.Conclusion. We can conclude that during 3 weeks functional evaluation, there is no significant difference between control group and  experimental group that achieved freeze dried human amniotic membrane.Keywords: sciatic nerve injury, freeze dried human amniotic membrane, walking tract analysis, sciatic functional index.

scholarly journals Urinary concentrating defect in experimental hemochromatosis.

1996 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-134
Author(s):  
X J Zhou ◽  
N D Vaziri ◽  
D Pandian ◽  
Z Q Wang ◽  
M Mazowiecki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Outer Medulla ◽  
Tubular Atrophy ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Urinary Concentrating Ability ◽  
Convoluted Tubules ◽  
Concentrating Defect

We studied the urinary concentrating capacity in experimental hemochromatosis. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into iron (Fe)-loaded (injected sc with 1.2 g elemental iron/kg body weight as iron dextran) and pair-fed control groups. The urinary concentrating ability was studied after 10 months of iron loading. At basal condition, urine osmolality (Uosm) was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the Fe-loaded rats compared with the control animals despite comparable urinary arginine-vasopressin (AVP) excretion in the two groups. Although 48-h water deprivation resulted in comparable rises in plasma concentration and urinary excretion of AVP in the two groups, maximal Uosm in the Fe-loaded animals was significantly lower than that seen in the control group (P < 0.01). Moreover, the observed urinary concentrating defect could not be corrected by pharmacological doses of exogenous AVP. There was no significant difference in renal chloride, sodium, calcium, or magnesium handling at either basal or sodium depleted states. Histologic studies showed marked iron deposition in the cortex and outer medulla accompanied by mild tubular atrophy particularly in the distal convoluted tubules. Thus, chronic experimental iron overload leads to nephrogenic diabetes insipidus marked by AVP-resistant urinary concentrating defect.

scholarly journals Implantation of Autologous Stem Cells Derived from Adipose Tissue in Rat Bone Fractures

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-115
Author(s):  
Carolina Smok ◽  
Manuel Meruane ◽  
Mariana Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vascular Density ◽  
Major Advance ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Angiogenic Growth Factors ◽  
Significant Difference

Stem cells derived from adipose tissue (ASCs) correspond to a major advance with respect to the bone regenerative medicine, as they have the ability for self-renewal, differentiation and paracrine stimulation to various types of tissues including bone and cartilage. The hypothesis of this study considers that fractures treated with ASCs, time decreases bone regeneration and vascularization increases, aiming to histologically evaluate bone regeneration and vascularization in these fractures. To accomplish this, 24 young male Sprague Dawley rats were used. The specimens were divided into two groups: Group A (treated) and group B (control). In both groups, the rats were euthanized at 11 and 21 days post-fracture. Statistically significant difference was observed in the number of newly formed trabeculae and vascular density in the treated group compared to control group concluded that rats treated with ASCs have a higher rate and better angiogenic bone regeneration, especially given the ability to synthesize components of the extracellular matrix of these cell, and the production of angiogenic growth factors.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF ETHANOL EXTRACTS OF Centella asiatica LEAF ON SERIAL SERUM BRAIN DERIVED NEUROTROPHIN FACTOR (BDNF) CONCENTRATION OF RATS (SPRAGUE DAWLEY) FOLLOWING CHRONIC STRESS

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Cahyani Ratna Sari ◽  
Mawaddah Ar Rochmah
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Electrical Stress ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Serum Bdnf

<p>Centella asiatica is considered herbal plant for increasing memory performance. Brain-derived neurotrophin factor (BDNF) has a significant role in memory formation process, while stress causes memory impairment. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of ethanol extracts of Centella asiatica leaf on serum BDNF concentration of rats that was taken serially before and after chronic electrical stress. Materials and Methods : Twenty male rats (Sprague Dawley) were divided into four groups: control/aquades group and groups treated with different doses (mg/kg) of Centella asiatica :150 (CA150), 300 (CA300) and 600 (CA600). Each rat underwent memory exercise for nine days before and after electrical stress and oral administration of ethanol extracts of Centella asiatica for twenty-eight days. Blood sampling was taken serially from rats’ tail for four times : (1) before memory exercise, (2) after memory exercise (before stress), (3) after chronic stress, and (4) after memory exercise (following chronic stress). Concentration of serum BDNF was assessed using ELISA. Results: There was no significant difference in serum BDNF concentration between groups in first and second serum sampling, which was prior to chronic stress and administration of different treatments. However, there was significant difference in third and fourth serum sampling between groups. Mean concentration of serum BDNF (ng/ml) in third and fourth sampling for control group, CA150, CA300, and CA600, respectively were 1.88+0.21 &amp;1.93+0.24; 2.29+0.13 &amp; 2.01+0.22; 2.29+0.08 &amp;1.86+0.11; 2.71+0.70 and 2.99+0.27 (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: Ethanol extracts of Centella asiatica leaf increases serum BDNF concentration in rats after chronic stress. <br /><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: stress, memory, Centella asiatica, BDNF</p>

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