scholarly journals What drives absenteeism among doctors in rural primary healthcare setting in Bangladesh? A qualitative exploration

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Nahar
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Healthcare Setting ◽  
Career Progression ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Political Networks ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Qualitative Exploration ◽  
Health System Policy

Abstract Absenteeism', among physicians, has been a long-standing issue in Bangladesh, but little is known about the intersection between political structures, health system policy and shortages that drives provider behaviour. Using an in-depth interview guideline 30 interviews were conducted with physicians working in rural and urban facilities through purposive sampling. Data were analysed in Atlas ti and synthesized following Gales framework method. Senior doctors were usually absent due to the lack of opportunities to specialise/dual/private practice in rural facilities. Absence of career progression (especially among junior physicians), inadequate and unsafe living and workplace arrangements, absence of transport facilities, lack of community understanding and ownership, non-cooperation from colleagues and absence of incentives or recognition de-motivated physicians to stay at their posts in rural facilities. Incidences of abuse (verbal/physical) by local community were common with female physicians particularly vulnerable. Disciplinary actions against absenteeism were unclear, and many respondents were unaware of these. Almost all of the doctors wished to move out of rural areas. Those who were successful, used their social and political networks and the payments of bribes to facilitate movement into urban settings. Doctors who did not have access to financial resources or to these networks failed to move out of rural areas and one left the profession.

The Study of West African Local Government

1968 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Opeyemi Ola
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Community ◽  
West African ◽  
African Politics ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Northwestern University ◽  
Rural Africa

Writing in 1962, Professor Roland Young of Northwestern University observed, with reference to both rural and urban Africa, ‘In carrying on research in African politics an area which compels attention is the local community, defined however one wishes: tribal cluster, village, or adrninistrative district. One might wish that political scientists had become interested at an earlier date in the study of small political systems indigenous to Africa.’1 There should be little doubt that local government is important in Africa because its operations are more or less coterminous with the rural areas in which the majority of Africans live. Indigenous Africa does not lie in the westernised cities but in the rural areas, where central governments appear remote, impersonal, and incomprehensibly awesome. Because of its closeness to the community, local government is one of the most realistic agencies for the transformation of rural Africa. Local governments are thus strategically placed to playa crucial role in the politics of development.

scholarly journals Women and rural tourism in the integration context – case study in Con Son, Can Tho

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. First
Author(s):  
Tran Thi Tuyet Van ◽  
Nguyen Duy An ◽  
Truong Hoang To Nga
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource Development ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
The Status ◽  
Almost All

Tourism is one of the most important sectors creating jobs for women. According to the Tourism Human Resource Development Program by the Vietnam National Administration of Tourism in 2015, the proportion of women in tourism accounted for 56% of the general labor force. In rural areas, participation in tourism organizations helps to significantly improve incomes and spiritual life of women. Through the tourist benefits, there has been a positive change in the awareness of gender equality that women are not only able to enhance income for themselves and their family but also contribute to local socio-economic development. The research team has selected Con Son (Son Island) in Can Tho Municipality for the survey because women here participate in almost all rural tourist activities. With the help of ethnographic fieldwork, participative observation and in-depth interview, the objective of the study is to assess the status and role of women in organizing, managing and implementing tourist activities. The results show that through tourism, the position of rural women, in family as well as in community, is lifted up. In parallel, tourism offers women many opportunities to manifest their capacity and to affirm their values.

scholarly journals VILLAGE AND CITY, OR HOW CULTURAL BOUNDARIES ARE CONSTRUCTED

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Tina Polek
Keyword(s):  
Social Constructionism ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City

The article deals with the spectrum of ideas about the boundary between rural and urban cultures and outlines the mechanism of this boundary constructing. Using social constructionism theory and discourse analysis was useful for exacerbating the dichotomous interpretation of rural and urban cultures. The terminological definitions of the city and the village appear to be well established and self-evident, but attention to these basic definitions is very important for further analyses. Despite a thorough academic critique of the dichotomous understanding of the city and the village, these terms continue to refer to generalized idealized types of settlements that are inherently opposite. This means that they continue to be objects of social, academic and administrative construction, based primarily on population. The classic definition of a city by L. Wirth includes population size, density and heterogeneity. However, the presence of targeted associations and economic institutions able to respond to diverse social needs are also an important feature of the city. At the same time, the village is considered as an opposition to a city with less population, as well as less density and heterogeneity. The traditional approach links rural areas to agricultural activity, but in modern conditions, this characteristic cannot be decisive since during the twentieth century the human population has become predominantly urban and this has violated established standards. A more important feature of a village is that living in a rural area implies a specific engagement with the local community, which is determined by active involvement in social networks. Urban and rural cultures find expression in an appropriate way of life. Urbanism assumes the importance of anonymous daily contacts that are part of the urban discourse reflected in the categories of diversity, opportunity and temptation. Whereas rural discourse focuses on the value of traditions, among which the customs of neighbourhood mutual assistance are the most important.

scholarly journals THE CREATION OF SOCIAL CAPITAL IN RURAL AREAS IN THE LUBELSKIE REGION

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta JAROSZ-ANGOWSKA ◽  
Marek ANGOWSKI ◽  
Tomasz KIJEK
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Social ◽  
Questionnaire Research

Social capital is one of the pillars of sustainable development of rural areas because the modern village needs educated and enterprising people and communities that can adapt quickly to changes and cooperate. The main aim of this article is to evaluate the different components of social capital and attempt to answer the question whether social capital in the rural areas of the Lubelskie Voivodeship differs from the social capital in the urban areas of the region. First, the study quotes the main definitions of social capital by J. Coleman, R. Putnam and F. Fukuyama, and next, separates its components for analysis. The analysis of such components as trust, friendship, cooperation, engagement in activities for the benefit of local community, participation in organisations, obtaining information and the level of communication, participation in elections and the assessment of democracy made it possible to conclude that, in principle, there are no significant differences between social capital in rural and urban areas of the Lubelskie Region, which can be explained by the fact that rural areas are losing its traditional agricultural character, and the mixing of population – the rural population flows into urban areas and the urban population settles in the countryside. The evaluation was conducted on the basis of questionnaire research commissioned by the Marshal Office in Lublin, and carried out on a sample of 1100 residents of the Lubelskie Voivodeship.

Environment and atmosphere of night tourism based on the local wisdom: A case study of Berastagi

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Selly Veronica ◽  
Nurlisa Ginting ◽  
AmyMarisa
Keyword(s):  
Field Observation ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Innovative Strategy ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Descriptive Method

Night tourism development comes up as an innovative strategy for tourism development in this current intense competition. There are four main elements in night tourism, namely economic, social, environmental, and night atmosphere. Berastagi is the most popular tourist destination in Karo Regency, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia, which already have night tourism destination but unfortunately undeveloped yet. Night tourism development in Berastagi must be with the local wisdom approach to maximize its benefit. Karonese as the majority ethnic of the local community in this area potential to be developed on its night tourism. This paper only analyzes the environmental and night atmosphere aspects in Berastagi’s night tourism, which based on local wisdom. Qualitative primary data from field observation and depth interview results have been analyzed by using the descriptive method. The study shows that involving local wisdom in developing the environment and night atmosphere can give the typical identity for the night tourism in Berastagi.Night Tourism

MISTISISME TRADISI MAPPADENDANG DI DESA ALLAMUNGENG PATUE, KABUPATEN BONE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Askar Nur
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Ethnographic Approach ◽  
The People ◽  
Village People ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Village

This research explains the mysticism of mappadendang tradition in Allamungeng Patue Village, Bone Regency, which is believed by the local community as a form of shielding from danger and can resist reinforcemen such as Covid-19 outbreak. This research is a descriptive study using qualitative method and an ethnographic approach. This research was carried out with the aim of identifying the mystical space in mappadendang tradition which was held in Allamungeng Patue Village. After conducting the tracing process, the researcher found that mappadendang tradition which was held in Allamungeng Patue Village, Bone Regency in July 2020 was not a tradition of harvest celebration as generally in several villages in Bone Regency, especially Bugis tribe, but mappadendang was held as a form of shielding from all distress including Covid-19 outbreak. This trust was obtained after one of the immigrants who now resides in the village dreamed of meeting an invisible figure (tau panrita) who ordered a party to be held that would bring all the village people because remembering that in the village during Covid-19 happened to almost all the existing areas in Indonesia, the people of Allamungeng Patue Village were spared from the outbreak. Spontaneously, the people of Allamungeng Patue Village worked together to immediately carry out the mappadendang tradition as a form of interpretation of the message carried by the figure.

TURNING FARMERS INTO SOCIAL FARMER ENTREPRENEURS FOR DISADVANTAGED PEOPLE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remus Runcan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural Development Programme ◽  
Rural And Urban

According to Romania’s National Rural Development Programme, the socio-economic situation of the rural environment has a large number of weaknesses – among which low access to financial resources for small entrepreneurs and new business initiatives in rural areas and poorly developed entrepreneurial culture, characterized by a lack of basic managerial knowledge – but also a large number of opportunities – among which access of the rural population to lifelong learning and entrepreneurial skills development programmes and entrepreneurs’ access to financial instruments. The population in rural areas depends mainly on agricultural activities which give them subsistence living conditions. The gap between rural and urban areas is due to low income levels and employment rates, hence the need to obtain additional income for the population employed in subsistence and semi-subsistence farming, especially in the context of the depopulation trend. At the same time, the need to stimulate entrepreneurship in rural areas is high and is at a resonance with the need to increase the potential of rural communities from the perspective of landscape, culture, traditional activities and local resources. A solution could be to turn vegetal and / or animal farms into social farms – farms on which people with disabilities (but also adolescents and young people with anxiety, depression, self-harm, suicide, and alexithymia issues) might find a “foster” family, bed and meals in a natural, healthy environment, and share the farm’s activities with the farmer and the farmer’s family: “committing to a regular day / days and times for a mutually agreed period involves complying with any required health and safety practices (including use of protective clothing and equipment), engaging socially with the farm family members and other people working on and around the farm, and taking on tasks which would include working on the land, taking care of animals, or helping out with maintenance and other physical work”

INCOME AS A SOURCE OF HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT IN RURAL AREAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
O. N. KUSAKINA ◽  
◽  
S. V. SOKOLOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
Urban Households ◽  
Average Structure ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Consumer Expenditures ◽  
Capital Development

The article is devoted to research of dynamics of disposable resources of rural and urban households; components of disposable resources of households depending on the place of residence (per household member on average); structure of consumer expenditures of rural households based on official statistics for 2018–2020. The presented findings may serve as a basis for justifying the trends in social and economic conditions necessary for the growth of human capital in rural areas.

The geography of climate migration

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-37
Author(s):  
Michał Burzyński ◽  
Frédéric Docquier ◽  
Hendrik Scheewel
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
International Migration ◽  
First Century ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Internal Mobility ◽  
Almost All

Abstract In this paper, we investigate the long-term effects of climate change on the mobility of working-age people. We use a world economy model that covers almost all the countries around the world, and distinguishes between rural and urban regions as well as between flooded and unflooded areas. The model is calibrated to match international and internal mobility data by education level for the last 30 years, and is then simulated under climate change variants. We endogenize the size, dyadic, and skill structure of climate migration. When considering moderate climate scenarios, we predict mobility responses in the range of 70–108 million workers over the course of the twenty-first century. Most of these movements are local or inter-regional. South–South international migration responses are smaller, while the South–North migration response is of the “brain drain” type and induces a permanent increase in the number of foreigners in OECD countries in the range of 6–9% only. Changes in the sea level mainly translate into forced local movements. By contrast, inter-regional and international movements are sensitive to temperature-related changes in productivity. Lastly, we show that relaxing international migration restrictions may exacerbate the poverty effect of climate change at origin if policymakers are unable to select/screen individuals in extreme poverty.

scholarly journals Examine the association between key determinants identified by the chronic disease indicator framework and multimorbidity by rural and urban settings

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 263355652110281
Author(s):  
John S. Moin ◽  
Richard H. Glazier ◽  
Kerry Kuluski ◽  
Alex Kiss ◽  
Ross E.G. Upshur
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Administrative Databases ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Urban Settings ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Indicator Framework

Background: Multimorbidity, often defined as having two or more chronic conditions is a global phenomenon. This study examined the association between key determinants identified by the chronic disease indicator framework and multimorbidity by rural and urban settings. The prevalence of individual diseases was also investigated by age and sex. Methods: The Canada Community Health Survey and linked health administrative databases were used to examine the association between multimorbidity, sociodemographic, behavioral, and other risk factors in the province of Ontario. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to conduct the main analysis. Results: Analyses were stratified by age (20–64 and 65–95) and area of residence (rural and urban). A total sample of n = 174,938 residents between the ages of 20–95 were examined in the Ontario province, of which 18.2% (n = 31,896) were multimorbid with 2 chronic conditions, and 23.4% (n = 40,883) with 3+ chronic conditions. Females had a higher prevalence of 2 conditions (17.9% versus 14.6%) and 3+ conditions (19.7% vs. 15.6%) relative to males. Out of all examined variables, poor self-perception of health, age, Body Mass Index, and income were most significantly associated with multimorbidity. Smoking was a significant risk factor in urban settings but not rural, while drinking was significant in rural and not urban settings. Income inequality was associated with multimorbidity with greater magnitude in rural areas. Prevalence of multimorbidity and having three or more chronic conditions were highest among low-income populations. Conclusion: Interventions targeting population weight, age/sex specific disease burdens, and additional focus on stable income are encouraged.

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