scholarly journals Referred morbidity of an African descendant community in the eastern Amazonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Castelo-Branco ◽  
R P Santos ◽  
B R Santos ◽  
D D Pinnock ◽  
H P Silva
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Economic Class ◽  
Healthcare Needs ◽  
Life Habits ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background In the Amazon there are several quilombola communities, remnants of the enslaved peoples of African descendant. In Pará/Brazil (Eastern Amazonia) there are over 300 quilombola communities established in rural areas. The aim of this study is to investigate the living conditions and morbidity of individuals aged 18+ years who live in a quilombola community in the city of Ananindeua/Pará. Methods A cross-sectional study was done with 132 individuals (71.3% of the population). A household survey and a questionnaire evaluating socioeconomic, life habits and self-reported morbidity were conducted. Results Among the participants 90.2% belonged to the D/E economic class, 60.6% were women, the median age was 39.5 years (p = 0.343) and the per capita income was U$41.50/month with no difference between sexes (p = 0.266). 97.0% of the participants self-declared black or brown. Women had more education than men (7x5 years, p = 0.019). Most worked with agriculture and fishing (55.5%). 53.8% of men rated their health status as good while 41.0% of women rated their health as good (p = 0.002). 55.3% had never smoked cigarettes, 25.8% were ex-smokers, and 25.8% were smokers. More men (78.8%) used alcohol regularly than women (43.8%) (p = 0.000), among the users 32.5% reported weekly or daily use. The frequency of self-reported morbidity was as follows: Asthma 21.7%, Hypertension 10.6%, Diabetes 6.8%, Chronic infectious diseases 5.6%, Kidney disease 3.9%, Stroke 3.3%, Angina 3.1%, Liver disease 2.3%, Chronic heart failure 1.5%, with no difference between the sexes. Only 4.0% used medication for diabetes, and 7.6% for hypertension. Conclusions The study shows the social vulnerability of this quilombola community, which is similar to others in the region. The rural afro-derived Amazonian populations need to be empowered to help inform policy makers about their main health issues and healthcare needs. Key messages There are few studies about health of quilombola communities. This research shows the need for further investigations to produce sensible information and promote the empowerment of these populations. This study shows a high level of vulnerability of this community, similar to others in rural Amazon. Information about their health needs is fundamental to promotion of public policies in the region.

scholarly journals HANDLING DISTRUST ON RISK COMMUNICATION IN NIGERIA: A STRATEGY TO STRENGTHENING THE COVID-19 OUTBREAK RESPONSE

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi ◽  
Priscilla Onaopemipo Akosile ◽  
Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Afolabi ◽  
Victor Okoliko Ukwenya
Keyword(s):  
Risk Communication ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outbreak Response ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background This study aimed to assess the level of trust in the COVID-19 risk communication efforts in Nigeria. Methods We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study among community members aged 15 years and above in Ondo state in October, 2020. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. Descriptive statistics were summarized using frequencies. Trust was ranked from “1” implying “Low level of trust” to “7” denoting “High level of trust”. We conducted bivariate Chi-square test on respondents’ level of trust in the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) and socio-demographic characteristics. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. Results Among the 691 respondents, 244 (35.3%) were aged 21 to 29 years, and 304 (51.4%) used the NCDC to obtain COVID-19 knowledge. Overall, 205 (41.8%) had high level of trust in the NCDC. Furthermore, 51 (51.5%) individuals aged 30-39 years had high level of trust in the NCDC (ᵡ2=17.455, p= 0.001). Also, 114 (48.5%) persons who lived with children below 18 years had high level of trust in the NCDC (ᵡ2= 8.266, p= 0.004). Conclusion Policy makers should prioritize the involvement of young and educated persons in COVID-19 risk communication strategies.

scholarly journals Changes in Tobacco Use Patterns during COVID-19 and Their Correlates among Older Adults in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1779
Author(s):  
Sabuj Kanti Mistry ◽  
Armm Mehrab Ali ◽  
Md. Ashfikur Rahman ◽  
Uday Narayan Yadav ◽  
Bhawna Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The present study explored the changes in tobacco use patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic and their correlates among older adults in Bangladesh. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 1032 older adults aged ≥60 years in Bangladesh through telephone interviews in October 2020. Participants’ characteristics and COVID-19-related information were gathered using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Participants were asked if they noted any change in their tobacco use patterns (smoking or smokeless tobacco) during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to pre-pandemic (6 months prior to the survey). Nearly half of the participants (45.6%) were current tobacco users, of whom 15.9% reported increased tobacco use during the COVID-19 pandemic and all others had no change in their tobacco use patterns. Tobacco use was significantly increased among the participants from rural areas, who had reduced communications during COVID-19 compared to pre-pandemic (OR = 2.76, 95%CI:1.51–5.03). Participants who were aged ≥70 years (OR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.14–0.77), widowed (OR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.13–1.00), had pre-existing, non-communicable, and/or chronic conditions (OR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.25–0.78), and felt themselves at the highest risk of COVID-19 (OR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.15–0.62), had significantly lower odds of increased tobacco use. Policy makers and practitioners need to focus on strengthening awareness and raising initiatives to avoid tobacco use during such a crisis period.

scholarly journals Prevalence of accidents and poisoning due to household hazardous materials in a rural area of Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 2047
Author(s):  
Shree Ramanan Karunakaran ◽  
Logaraj Muthunarayanan ◽  
Balaji Ramraj
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Hazardous Materials ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Household Item ◽  
Health Situation

Background: Over the last few decades hazardous materials have become a common household item in many rural areas of the developing world. Due to their easy availability, commercialization, accessibility and lack of awareness it has become a significant health problem globally. The objective of the study is to estimate the prevalence of household hazardous material accidents and poisoning and the factors associated with household hazardous accidents and poisoning among the rural population.Methods: A cross sectional study was done among the households located in rural fields practice area tertiary care hospital, with the sample size of 244 households by probability proportion sampling method. House to house interview was conducted using a predesigned, pre-tested questionnaire and household hazardous accidents and poisoning was assessed.Results: The overall prevalence of household hazardous accidents was 2.1% among the population. Among them 70% were less than 10 years of age followed by 10 to 20 years. The prevalence of household hazardous accident and poisoning was found to be positively associated with the factors like age <10 years, easy accessibility and storage in the open self.Conclusions: Regular assessment for household hazardous accident and poisoning should be carried out at the community level to find the exact burden. Utilization of this information, especially by the stakeholders and policy makers in the regional health sectors, can avert the problematic health situation. 

scholarly journals A study of mosquito borne diseases awareness, attitude and practices among the rural population in Karnataka, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 4178
Author(s):  
Nanjesh Kumar S. ◽  
Rahul Hegde ◽  
Sanjeev Badiger
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
The World

Background: All over the world mosquito borne diseases are responsible for a large number of morbidity and mortality. A study showed that there are about 350-500 million cases of malaria annually, with the outcome of 1 million deaths. Although there are around 3500 species of mosquitoes tracked down to tropical and subtropical regions of the world only a hand full of species cause most of the vector borne diseases. The objective of this study was to study people’s awareness, attitude and practice about mosquito borne disease in rural areas of Dakshina Kannada district, Karnataka.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the residents of Manjanady, Asaigoli, and Kuthar villages during the rainy season in 2016. Through systemic random sampling a total of 200 houses were selected. After obtaining informed consent, the participants were administered a pre-tested, structured questionnaire at the time of first visit for the collection of data.Results: A large majority of subjects about 86% said that polluted water was a breeding place for mosquitoes, 89.5% thought malaria was spread by mosquitoes, 84.5% said that fever and rigor is the most common symptom, 48.5% said that the health authorities had not conducted active surveillance. Also 41.5% visit general practitioner for consulting on their health issues and 65% of the subjects used mosquito coil as a protective measure.Conclusions: Intensified efforts should be made to create public awareness and mobilize the community in the preventive measures against mosquito borne diseases.

scholarly journals The study of epidemiological correlates of hypertension among the rural population of Mehsana district of North Gujarat region, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilesh Thakor ◽  
Pankaj B. Nimbalkar ◽  
Maulik D. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Economic Class ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
North Gujarat

Background: The changing lifestyle factors in rural population are associated with increase in hypertension. Objective was to find out the epidemiological correlates of hypertension among the rural population.Methods: This was cross sectional study and conducted in rural areas of Mehsana district of Gujarat during January 2019 to June 2019. People living rural areas were selected by stratified random sampling. They were screened for hypertension by JNC VII criteria using sphygmomanometer and detailed personal, past and family history was taken after written and informed consent. Data was entered in Microsoft excel and analysis was done using SPSS statistical package.Results: Out of total 602 subjects, 93 (15.4%) were hypertensive. Out of total 93 hypertensive subjects, 50 (53.8%) were females. A blood pressure category and gender difference were not statically significant (p=0.89). Out of 93 hypertensive subjects, 42 (45.2%) subjects were in the age group of ≥60 years. The difference between age groups and blood pressure category was significant (p<0.0001). Out of 93 hypertensive subjects’ majority 85 (91.4%) had negative tobacco history while only 8 (8.6%) consumed tobacco in any form. The tobacco history and blood pressure category were not significantly associated (p=0.211). Out of total 93 hypertensive subjects, 54 (58.1%) subjects were (≥25) body mass index (BMI). Categories of BMI and hypertension were extremely significantly associated (p<0.0001).Conclusions: Hypertension is significantly associated with age, socio economic class and BMI.  

scholarly journals The prevalence of hypertension and its distribution by sociodemographic factors in Central Mozambique: a cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mika Matsuzaki ◽  
◽  
Kenneth Sherr ◽  
Orvalho Augusto ◽  
Yoshito Kawakatsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Education Levels

Abstract Background Hypertension (HTN) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, and its prevalence has been rising in low- and middle-income countries. The current study describes HTN prevalence in central Mozambique, association between wealth and blood pressure (BP), and HTN monitoring and diagnosis practice among individuals with elevated BP. Methods The study used data from a cross-sectional, representative household survey conducted in Manica and Sofala provinces, Mozambique. There were 4101 respondents, aged ≥20 years. We measured average systolic and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP) from three measurements taken in the household setting. Elevated BP was defined as having either SBP ≥140 or DBP ≥90 mmHg. Results The mean age of the participants was 36.7 years old, 59.9% were women, and 72.5% were from rural areas. Adjusting for complex survey weights, 15.7% (95%CI: 14.0 to 17.4) of women and 16.1% (13.9 to 18.5) of men had elevated BP, and 7.5% (95% CI: 6.4 to 8.7) of the overall population had both SBP ≥140 and DBP ≥90 mmHg. Among participants with elevated BP, proportions of participants who had previous BP measurement and HTN diagnosis were both low (34.9% (95% CI: 30.0 to 40.1) and 12.2% (9.9 to 15.0) respectively). Prior BP measurement and HTN diagnosis were more commonly reported among hypertensive participants with secondary or higher education, from urban areas, and with highest relative wealth. In adjusted models, wealth was positively associated with higher SBP and DBP. Conclusions The current study found evidence of positive association between wealth and BP. The prevalence of elevated BP was lower in Manica and Sofala provinces than the previously estimated national prevalence. Previous BP screening and HTN diagnosis were uncommon in our study population, especially among rural residents, individuals with lower education levels, and those with relatively less wealth. As the epidemiological transition advances in Mozambique, there is a need to develop and implement strategies to increase BP screening and deliver appropriate clinical services, as well as to encourage lifestyle changes among people at risk of developing hypertension in near future.

scholarly journals Nutritional status and common morbidities among school-going adolescents of rural areas of Vadodara, Gujarat: a cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1143
Author(s):  
Prashant M. Modi ◽  
Sunil Pathak ◽  
Sagar Patel ◽  
Ritika Srivastva ◽  
Reya Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
P Value ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutritional Problem ◽  
Study Participants

Background: Abnormal nutritional status i.e. underweight, overweight and obesity is increasing rapidly amongst adolescents irrespective of socioeconomic status and geography. This study was carried out to assess prevalence of abnormal nutritional status and common associated morbidities among school going adolescent of rural areas of Vadodara, Gujarat, India.Methods: A cross sectional observational study was done among school going adolescents of rural areas of Vadodara, Gujarat. A predesigned and pretested semi-structured proforma was used to get relevant clinical details of study participants. Total 474 students aged 12-17 years participated in our study.Results: Out of 474 enrolled adolescents, 16.67% were underweight, where as 3.8% and 2.95% were obese and overweight respectively. The prevalence of overweight and obesity were almost similar in both genders. Out of total 16.24% were stunted with predominance in boys compared to girls (p value: 0.039). Hypertension was found in 5.0% of participants with 3 times more prevalent in girls than boys (p value 0.011). Similarly, anemia was affecting both genders equally.Conclusions: Although underweight is a known nutritional problem of adolescents from rural areas, overweight and obesity are also rapidly growing health issues among them now a days. With keeping in mind this increasing burden of abnormal nutritional status and associated morbidities, regular health check-up, education of parents and adolescents on healthy lifestyle and inclusion of adolescents in existing government programmes are essential measures to reduce these problems.

AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF DIARRHOEA IN UNDER FIVE CHILDREN (0-59 MONTH) IN RURALAREA OF MEERUT, U.P.

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-35
Author(s):  
Ashok Kumar ◽  
Tanveer Bano ◽  
Harivansh Chopra ◽  
Ganesh Singh ◽  
Chhaya Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Economic Class ◽  
Number Of Children

Acute diarrheal illness remains one of the major causes of childhood morbidity and mortality especially among children under ve years in developing countries. The diarrhoeal disease are more problematic in the rural areas due to poor sanitation and hygiene. So, the study was conducted in under ve children in the rural area with objectives of nding out the fortnightly incidence of diarrhea and to study associated sociodemographic factors and the management practices in the community. The present cross-sectional study was conducted among under ve children in rural area of Meerut. 423 children were studied selected randomly from 2 randomly selected villages of the block. The fortnightly incidence of diarrhoea was found to be 14.2%. Average duration of diarrhoea was 1-3 days. Higher fortnightly incidence of diarrhoea was found in age group 0-12 month, where sibling order was 5 or more, Muslims, OBC, where mother was illiterate, lower socio-economic class, and where housing and environmental conditions were poor with signicant association with sibling order. Among the management practices, maximum number of children were given normal uid during the diarrhea episode and maximum children took treatment from Local healthcare worker or Health clinic.

Prevalence of Trichomonas Vaginalis and its Correlation with Socio-demographic Variables in Pregnant Women in Al-Diwaniya,Iraq

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiren Ali Al Hamzawi
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Vaginal Swabs ◽  
Low Education

Estimates of Trichomonas vaginalis prevalence in pregnant women are variable with few studies in Iraq.T. vaginalis is a worldwide prevalent sexually transmitted infection,but fortunately,it is very treatable. Researchers believed that pregnancy is one of the effective factors for T. vaginalis infection in women.A cross-sectional study performed in Obstetrics and Gynecology Department at Maternity and Children Teaching Hospital in Al-Diwaniya city on two hundred female pregnant patients between the ages of 16-45 years. These females had no intercourse for 2–3 days,not using drugs (antibiotics,antiprotozoal or steroids) for the last 15 days. Vaginal discharges of any type with or without itching,burning sensation or both were their main complaints. Vaginal swabs were taken from all participating patients for direct wet mount microscopy and culture for the detection of Trichomonas vaginalis infection. The study showed that twelve out of two hundred examined pregnant women (6%) presented with T. vaginalis infection. The infection was more in those with mothers’ age (26-35) years,housewives,low education,higher parity,and of rural residents. Other maternal variables were not significantly associated with T. vaginalis infection. The study showed a prevalence of (6%) of T. vaginalis infection in pregnant female attendees. Infection was more in those with mothers ’age (26-35) years,housewives,low educational level,higher parity,and living in rural areas.

Comparison of Non-radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis and Ankylosing Spondyltis from a Single Rheumatology Hospital in Morocco

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nessrine Akasbi ◽  
Siar Nihad ◽  
Zoukal Sofia ◽  
El Kohen Khadija ◽  
Harzy Taoufik
Keyword(s):  
Disease Burden ◽  
Axial Spondyloarthritis ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Low Back ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Asas Criteria ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Level

Background: According to the new classification criteria developed by The Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society, patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) can be classified in 2 subgroups: Patients with radiographic axial spondyloarthritis: ankylosing spondylitis patients (AS) and those with non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA). Objective: The aim of the present study is to describe and discuss the differences and similarities between the two subgroups. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a single rheumatology hospital in Morocco. These included patients diagnosed as having axial spondyloarthritis according to ASAS criteria 2010, during a period of 6 years. The AS and the nr-axSpA subgroups were compared for the various axSpA-related variables. Results: Of the 277 patients with a diagnosis of axial SpA who were included in this study, 160 had AS and 117 had nr-axSpA. AS and nr-ax-SpA shared a similar age at diagnosis, similar prevalence of low back pain, lumbar stiffness, extra-articular manifestations, BASDAI and BASFI. In the multivariate analysis, AS patients were mainly male with cervical stiffness, enthesitis, coxitis and high level of ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate). The females generally had a family history of SpA and arthritis and were associated to the nr-axSpA form in the univariate analysis. Conclusion: This was the first study to characterise patients with AS and nr-axSpA in Morocco. Consistent with other studies published, this study showed that patients with nr-axSpA and patients with AS shared a comparable degree of disease burden.

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